May 20, 2026 Show with Dr. Keith Evans on “Satan & the Demons: What They Can & Cannot Do”

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Good afternoon, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, and the rest of humanity living on the planet earth, who are listening via live streaming at ironsharpensironradio .com. This is Chris Arnson, your host of Iron Sharpens Iron Radio, wishing you all a happy Wednesday on this 20th day of May, 2026.

I'm absolutely thrilled to have back on for the third time Dr. Keith Evans, who is associate professor of Christian counseling and at Reformed Theological Seminary in Charlotte, North Carolina, and former director of the Biblical Counseling Institute and academic dean at Reformed Presbyterian Theological Seminary in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, who wrote his doctoral dissertation on the demonic realm in relationship to Christian counseling.

Today, we're going to be addressing Satan and the demons, what they can and cannot do, and it's my honor and privilege to welcome you back to Iron Sharpens Iron Radio, Dr. Keith Evans.

Thank you so much, Chris. Great to be back.

And I want to urge our listeners to, after this live program is over, to listen to the two-part interview that we previously did on Iron Sharpens Iron Radio, where we not only addressed the kinds of issues that you bring up and experience in the realm of the demonic involving Christian counseling, but we also had you give a thorough critique of the popular Roman Catholic exorcist, Chad Rippenger, who has been taking the Internet by storm and has been featured on the largest podcast, podcasts with the largest audiences out there and was, I think, a very valuable resource to provide because of the fact that so many millions of people watching those interviews with Chad Rippenger and being led astray in some way, and perhaps even, who knows, converting to Roman Catholicism, but also responding to the reality of the demonic realm in an unbiblical and idolatrous and dangerous way.

Have anything further to add on that before we go into today's topic?

No, I think that that was a valuable discussion that we had, and by my last count, yes, six million views for Chad Rippenger's interviews, so I'm thankful that we were able to unpack that and sort through some of those things.

Yeah, if anybody wants to look those up after this live show is over, the two interviews took place on April 15th and April 29th. Just type in Keith Evans in the search engine and you'll see both of those interviews.

Well, I thought that the perfect theme to address after those two interviews would be right at the core of what is on most people's minds in regard to Satan and his demons. In fact, I have been asked many times over the years what my thoughts were on what Satan and the demons can and cannot do, and now that I have an expert on the issue on the show, I think that this would be a great way to answer those questions that I am not capable of answering in any kind of thorough way, not having delved into the research and study you have.

But first of all, going back to basic definitions, who are Satan and the demons?

Yeah, so we see Satan in the very opening pages of Scripture, Genesis 3. He kind of just shows up on the scene, right? But as you piece together in the book of Job, as you see language in Isaiah 14 or Ezekiel 28, you start to piece together the fuller picture that the angels were created most likely on the first day, and some chose to fall with regard to seeking a position higher than themselves.

So most would agree that Satan, Lucifer, was a cherub beholding the very face of God and wanted a greater position and was prideful in his position and hungered after even more. And so he fell along with, as Revelation 12 indicates, a third of the stars of the heavenly host, a third of the stars in heaven.

And so, you know, roughly a third of the angelic host fell in that first transgression, and so that's when Satan shows up on the scene, Adam and Eve, after they've been created, and then Satan proceeds to tempt them to fall.

So not just the fall of the angelic host, but instigating the fall of humanity. So that would be the beginnings, the Genesis story of the fall of the angels and the beginning of Satan and his demons.

And Satan being a created being is not omniscient or omnipresent, is he? Just as the demons are not, correct?

Yeah, that's a very helpful clarification. So yeah, all of the angelic hosts, they're created beings, they are spiritual beings, they don't have bodies like we do, but they're still created entities. They're not equal with God.

So that's another, I guess, common misconception in the broader church. Well, Satan is kind of the arch-nemesis of the Lord, as though he's kind of on equal footing with the Lord. And that's not the case at all.

God is the only uncreated being, and even the fallen angels are created entities. And so they're creatures, and they have creaturely limitations. Because they have creaturely limitations, they're spatially locatable.

They're only in one location at a time. God alone is omnipresent and omniscient and all the other omnis, right? Whereas Satan, he's just one fallen angel who's at one place at one time. And yet with a third of the heavenly host, I don't know how many that is, but it's many, there can be the deceptive sign as though they are everywhere, or they have exhaustive knowledge, or there's just many of them.

And so they're able to pool their resources or able to work in conjunction. And so they give the appearance of being more powerful than they actually are. So, no, they're created entities, they are spatially locatable, and they don't have the full knowledge, of course, that God has.

And are Satan, Lucifer, and Beelzebub all the same creation?

Yeah, so most scholars would agree on that, that you see different terminology for Satan. So, the Satan, the devil, Lucifer, that's a reference to the Latin translation of Isaiah 14. Beelzebub, when that's made reference, Jesus is casting out demons by Beelzebub, or the prince of demons.

This is a placeholder or a different name. Or Belial, you'll see as the Apostle Paul is contrasting what do Christ and Belial have in common, the answer, of course, nothing. And so these are all just different names or biblical placeholders for the same entity, Satan, the devil.

And I've heard, I think I looked this up many years ago when I first heard the name Beelzebub. Is it not Hebrew for Lord of the flies and also Lord of dung? And it struck me when I heard that because I assumed then that the great novel and movie, Lord of the Flies, must have gotten that title from that.

But I don't know that for certain, but if you could.

Yeah, so it's been a minute since I was wrestling with the Hebrew there. Referring to Lord of the Flies, Lord of dung, translated different ways or brought through different languages. But as far as the literature, Lord of the Flies, a reference to the chief of demons, I can't speak to that.

Not a literary scholar, so that's a little bit out of my lane. But as far as the meaning is concerned, yes, exactly.

I mean, where else would you get a name like that, Lord of the Flies? It's kind of an interesting title. And I'm assuming that when God inspired that name, that it was really to mean that he's really God of nothing.

He's the Lord of nothing. Am I correct?

Yeah, that's right. It's like a kingdom of dirt, of refuse, of worthlessness. I mean, what do flies lord over? They lord over dung and refuse. And so that's essentially the greatest that Lucifer is able to achieve.

It's mentioned in the New Testament epistles that we're not to ordain a new convert lest he fall in the sin of the evil one. Ascending too quickly and a sense of pride and reaching beyond what he should be reaching for.

And, you know, isn't there an irony that here's this one that wanted more than his station of perpetually beholding the face of God and worshiping before the throne of God in a way that none of us have seen and experienced.

He wanted more than that. And what he ultimately gets is he's Lord of dung. Right. I mean, there's a there's a grand irony to that.

Well, as far as things that Satan and the demons can and cannot do. Well, starting off with even that question, are there things Satan can and cannot do? Or should I even isolate it to. Are there things that Satan can do that not all demons can do?

Is he really the ruler of demons? Is he infinitely superior? Or perhaps not infinitely, but is he greatly superior to the demons or is he just one of many devils?

Yeah, so maybe it depends on what we mean by is he superior? He has a place of authority. He has a position over. But as far as abilities are concerned, I don't see from the scriptures any greater ability.

He's one demon among many. And he just so happens to be the one who is in authority over. Now, granted, we do see in the angelic host, we see a hierarchy that there are cherubim and seraphim, that there's the Archangel Michael, the only archangel mentioned in the scriptures.

We see that in just angels, messengers, that that's their task. And so we see kind of a hierarchy or a structure. In similar fashion, you see the Apostle Paul mentioning in Ephesians 6, rulers, powers, principalities.

It seems like there's a parallel hierarchy of those angels that fell, find themselves in such a place and station even within the demonic horde. And so Satan, you know, being the chief of demons, he has a position of authority, but not of greater ability.

And so there's nothing that Satan can do that his fellow horde can't do, even if there is a different degree of power or authority. Now, again, in similar fashion, think about the angels. It's mentioned in Daniel 10 that Michael is our prince, the prince of the people of God, the angel who's, you know, over then Israel, of course.

But still, he's mentioned as the archangel in the New Testament, the archangel of the people of God. Well, in similar fashion, Satan is the fallen, not archangel, but fallen leader of the demonic horde.

And so then in the book of Jude, when the Archangel Michael and Satan are facing off, it's kind of a strange verse in Jude 9, we kind of scratch our heads at, but they're facing off over the body of Moses.

Who gets the rights over the body of Moses? And just think if, you know, Satan could have the rights over the body of Moses, what he would have turned that into. Bow down and worship this great prophet, right?

Here are the bones. But so, you know, Michael ultimately wins that face-off, and so we don't know where the body of Moses is buried. But there you see two equals, the Archangel Michael and the chief of the demons, Satan.

And it's fascinating how Jude uses that, that they are of equal authority, if you will. Even then, Michael doesn't presume to declare a blasphemous curse, but instead prays, the Lord rebuke you, Satan.

So there's an appeal to the higher authority. So anyway, there's much in there that we can deduce from those portions of Scripture. But again, back to your chief question there, Chris. No, Satan doesn't have additional abilities that's beyond demons.

When we talk about the study of demons or demonology, which is my field, we're talking about the study of Satan and his horde, one and the same. There's not like a separate discipline of Satanology because he has so much more abilities or something like that.

No, he's just one of many demons.

Now, you've already ruled out that Satan is omniscient, and he's not omnipresent either. But does he not have some ability to know things that humans cannot know about our fellow humans? And is this just because God is directing him to this knowledge, or is it because demons are overlooking us and they report back to Satan?

Just to even give a biblical example of this, we're in a very classic and chilling text in Matthew 8, 29, when the demons from the demoniac cry out to Jesus, What business do you have with us, Son of God?

Have you come here to torment us before the time? They seem to be aware of the biblical facts—well, actually, plural. They know that he's the Son of God, and they know that there is a time of torment awaiting them.

So there's knowledge that they do have, and I was just wondering how far that goes, even when you involve 21st century humanity and so on.

Yeah, it's a great question, and I often get the question, can demons know the future? They're wondering how much knowledge do they have, and it's a great question. So again, they're created beings, and they only have abilities according to their created place and station.

Just like we have knowledge as human beings, and there are so many different ways we gain knowledge. We don't just gain knowledge by observing. We do gain knowledge from observing, but we gain knowledge from reading the Scriptures as well.

There are many different ways that human beings gain knowledge. Well, so too angels. The way they gain knowledge is according to their created place and station, and also demons. So do demons therefore have additional knowledge that we as humans don't have?

From a couple of different sources. I think they do, in the sense that they are many, and they find themselves in the spiritual realm, which is like, if I can use this term, they're in a different dimension.

And so they're able to observe this dimension from the spiritual realm, and they are observing much. Satan's at least a 10 ,000-year-old being who has been observing from 10 ,000 years of observation, and he's pooling the resources of his kingdom, so all of his devils observing various things.

I don't necessarily know how well organized that reconnaissance is. I don't have any access or knowledge to that. But they're still pooling their resources, so they have knowledge from observation. But then you also see in the book of Job, in the opening chapters of Job, as well as in 1 Kings 22 about Ahab and his death and the prophecy of Ahab's death, you see that these devils have been given access to knowledge of what God is going to do, that he is saying this is going to come to pass, or he's allowing information to come to devils.

And so, therefore, they're able to act on knowledge that we don't have access to, but they do as spiritual beings that God has allowed them to receive. Now, God is sovereign over all of that and his good purposes of why he would allow devils to know these things.

But so then they're going to utilize that information that they have in deceptive ways to make it look like they have real knowledge of the future and that they're somehow omniscient. And then you have the case in the book of Acts when the apostle Paul casts out the devil in the slave girl that she was able to tell the future, and so she made her masters much money.

And her masters were very upset, of course, when the apostle Paul cast out the devil because now here's our income gone from this particular devil. I think that's more along the lines of the types of parlor tricks that you see in palm reading and tarot cards occultists today.

Now, is it possible that they have access to greater knowledge than just the average human because they're gaining knowledge from devils? Yeah, certainly. But is it also horoscopy-type prophecies of, oh, you know, something ominous is going to happen in your future, Chris, and then something happens tomorrow and you're like, oh, that must have been it.

That must have been what Keith said was going to happen, right? So a horoscopy-type general prediction that gives the appearance of foreknowledge. So hopefully that begins to answer your question a little bit.

They have a bit more knowledge than the average human, of course, but not the knowledge that God has unless he himself gives it to them.

Yes, and this may be off-topic, but perhaps you could explain why you believe, even though this sorceress girl, servant girl that you were just mentioning, which is in Acts 16, 16 through 18, can you tell me why, when the sorceress girl was crying out, these men are slaves of the Most High God who are proclaiming to you a way of salvation?

And she was doing this for many days. And why did this annoy Paul when she was saying something that was true, although there is in this version in the New American Standard Bible, it interprets it in a way that some don't, because in this particular version, she's saying that the men who are slaves of the Most High God are proclaiming to you a way of salvation and not the way.

But Paul is getting annoyed by this going on day and night for many days, and he commanded the demon in the name of the Jesus Christ to depart from the girl. Why would the demon in this girl be telling something, declaring something over and over and over again, that your average person would say, it seems like she was on the apostle's side.

She's saying something that's true. She's not condemning him or anything like that. But if you could give your thoughts on that.

Yeah, absolutely. Anytime you see Jesus facing off with devils, you see similar type interactions that they're declaring before it is his time. These truths, declaring that he's the son of God, declaring that he's the son of David and so forth, like the promised Messiah, right?

And you'd think, well, this is great. Here, these devils are declaring the things that he wants people to recognize and to see. And yet it's before his time, and it's using the truth in subversive ways.

You know, you often see the evil one doing that, using truth in ways that are even deceptive and harmful. So here you see the slave girl just continuously repeating this truth as if she's not permitted to say anything else.

I'll get back to that point in just a minute. She's repeating the truth over and over again, but she's doing it in a noxious and subversive way, because then they wouldn't be able to proclaim the gospel the way that they would desire to proclaim the gospel, that their message is going to be crafted in a different way than just, we're here to tell you the way to be saved.

You know, just repeating it over and over again, kind of in a mindless way. And you can imagine if you're seeking to, you know, proclaim the gospel in an attractive way, a way that is becoming of Christ, he's come to take away the sins of the world, and they're freely offering that word to hear just continuously pounded over and over again.

These men are here to declare the way to be saved. It really would become quite bothersome, onerous, and just difficult to deal with.

You might even say to somebody in your church who kept repeating the same line over and over and over again, you're on a trip with them, and they just won't shut up. You could even imagine the best of Christians saying, will you shut up already?

That's right. Yeah. And so you see the apostle Paul essentially doing that as he casts out the devil. But you make a good point, Chris. What if this was taking place in church and the pastor is trying to preach and proclaim the gospel, and somebody keeps standing up and saying, he's here to proclaim the gospel.

It would really be quite disruptive to the message. I wanted to get back to what I said just a second ago, though, that it might be the truth that she was permitted to say. You see, in Numbers 22 and following in the story of Balaam, when Balak, the king, hires this prophet to come and curse—he's an occultist, he's an occult prophet— to come and curse Israel so that Israel might not be able to defeat them in battle.

And Balaam says, if you hire me, I'm only going to be able to say what Yahweh permits me to say. I'm not going to be able to do any more, no more, no less, effectively. And so you see the limitation of those who are even acting by devils, engaging in occult practices.

They're still limited by the Most High God. So I'm wondering if this slave girl—I know that I'm reading between the lines a little bit— but I'm wondering if the slave girl in Acts 16 is bound that she's only able to say the truth.

And so then, OK, well, if that's all I'm able to say, then I'm going to say it in the most obnoxious way possible.

And, of course, it is very wise to not want a demoniac to be perceived by the public as being an ally of yours. So there's another reason why Paul would exorcise her or cast the demon out, because of the fact that, you know, you're not on my team.

You know, I don't want people to think you're on my team.

That's a good point. And that even connects with Simon Magus as well. The guy in Acts who wants to buy the power of the Holy Spirit. And they thought he was converted and they baptized him. You know, he gave a credible profession of faith.

And then when he asks to buy the power of the Holy Spirit, Peter's like, the truth of God isn't in you. You're still in the gall of bitterness, right? You're not actually on our side if you're engaging in these kinds of practices.

And so, therefore, he's, you know, effectively put out of the fellowship. He's excommunicated because he's not actually on their side. So you make a good point. The early church does not want to be seen consorting with the cultists.

Right. And as far as the knowledge of the demons go, I'm going to bring up something that I can't remember if I told you this story off the air or on the air. I can't even remember if I've ever told this story on the air before, but I'll bring it up now.

Back in my backslidden days over a decade ago, when I very tragically returned to habitual drunkenness and was frequenting bars of all kinds. And I'm not here to condemn my brethren who enjoy the liberty to visit a pub and have a beer or two.

I'm talking about, you know, habitual drunkenness on my part. And at least on three occasions, it could have been more, but at least on three occasions that I can distinctly remember, a total stranger would be sitting at the bar, perhaps across from me or a number of feet away.

He was never right next to me. But these three individuals on three separate occasions in three different bars said to me, Oh, you're that pastor, aren't you? And I responded by saying, No, I'm a Christian, but I'm not a pastor.

And all three of these people always responded, Oh, no, you're that pastor. I know you're that pastor. And I kept saying, I'm not a pastor, never was a pastor. And they kept insisting that I was a pastor.

But that was three creepy experiences. By the way, the Lord did use those experiences to heap further conviction upon me and guilt that I was living in a wrong way, a double life kind of a thing. But I always wondered, could these have been demoniacs?

Now, obviously, neither you or I would know for certain that they were, but could they have been? And does that give somewhat of an answer to how they have knowledge that extends to a certain degree that many people, if not most, would not have, but they don't have perfect knowledge.

It's kind of a mixture of things going on here where demons may have observed me going to church or something. And they, for some reason, kept saying to me that I was a pastor. Perhaps you could give your own response to that.

Yeah, you had shared that story with me. I believe it was off the air, Chris. But thank you for your honesty and openness. And that is bizarre, right? It's spooky. It's unsettling. And I'm sure that people who have a materialist view of the world as far as no possible demonic activity between the two comings of Christ— and there are some in the Reformed world who hold to that, right?

Those who would have a materialist understanding would probably say, Well, Chris, you're just imagining that. Or maybe it was just in a drunken stupor or something like that that you thought that that was a possibility.

But I mean, it really does bear the hallmarks of truth. It bears the hallmarks of accuracy. And it's unsettling. It's accusatory. And praise God, the Lord used that as a means of sanctification. He used that as a means of deliverance.

So I praise the Lord for how he superintends even the darkness of the other kingdom, even the accusatory nature of the other kingdom. And you say, you know, neither of us could know for certain if that is demonic.

And I'd say, yeah, neither of us could know for certain. We don't have any clear passage in Scripture that we could point to and say, Yes, Chris, that was demonic, and we could know for sure. But as I had mentioned on one of our previous times together, Chris, the Puritans would regularly reference 2 Samuel 14, where David is hearing the accounts of various events, various conspiring situation.

And he says, I perceive that the hand of Joab is in this. And he doesn't know for certain that Joab was engaging in it. I mean, he was right. But he doesn't know for certain that Joab was involved in this.

And he's simply discerning. He's observing the situation and saying, I perceive this is the case. And the Puritans said, likewise, we who are spiritual people need to be discerning. And does this have the hallmarks of the other kingdom?

And if it does, then we can say with confidence, not with certainty, of course, but with confidence, this certainly smacks of the other kingdom. I perceive Joab's hand is in this. And so I would say in similar fashion, the accusatory nature, the repetitive nature, the fact that it was the same type of accusation against you in these circumstances to kind of kick you while you're down in the midst of discouragement or despair and in the midst of sinful activity, right?

To throw that in your face, it certainly has the hallmarks of the other kingdom.

All right, we have to go to our first commercial break. And if anybody would like to join us, our email address is chrisarnson at gmail .com. Chrisarnson at gmail .com. As always, give us your first name at least, your city and state of residence and your country of residence.

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And please continue to pray for my dear friend, Dr. Joseph C. Morecraft III, who you just heard being mentioned by Dr. Joey Piper at Greenville Presbyterian Theological Seminary. As many of you know, Dr. Morecraft, over a month ago, fell in his home, and that led to a hospital stay, and then he was transferred to a physical rehab facility.

He was being examined by doctors for possible release from the hospital, discharging from the rehab facility just yesterday, and they decided that it was not in Joe's best interest to discharge him yet, and therefore he is going to be there for at least another week, maybe longer.

So please pray that Joe receives the level of healing and strength and recovery that is required for him to be discharged and return home to his precious wife, Becky, and also to return to his pulpit at Heritage Presbyterian Church in Cumming, Georgia, and also to return to Iron Trip and Zion Radio as a guest.

So please continue to pray for Dr. Joseph C. Morecraft III, and we will give you updates as we receive them. And if you just tuned us in, I have someone who has become one of my favorite guests of all on my show today, Dr. Keith Evans, who has written his doctoral dissertation on demonology and its relationship to Christian counseling, and today is his third visit with us, and he is today talking about Satan and the demons, what they can and cannot do.