Gabriel begins the explanation of the vision to Daniel (Daniel 8:14-19)

Prayer and Confidence in the Truth of Scripture

Let's open in prayer. Father your word is truth and it is from your word that we learn of the Lord Jesus Christ. So this morning as we look into the Old Testament book of Daniel, we know that he is there he said so himself and Therefore it is true.

Let us always rely on your word on your word first on your word. Always look to secondary sources as we need but father your word is truth. And so this morning as we look at the book of Daniel again in chapter 8 Bring it to our minds illuminate us help us to be those kinds of followers of the Lord Jesus Christ About which it was said.

They really loved one another and we'll thank you for that in Jesus name. Amen so as We travel through the book of Daniel it neat we need to keep Before our minds something that I believe is very important and that is that through the millennia there have been and there always will be people who want to disprove the Bible and There's only really a couple of reasons to disprove the Bible and it's because of the implications of what Scripture says if Jesus is Lord the implications are massive and If the scripture is about him then that is where those implications emanate from and So because of that throughout the millennia people will always look for ways To point out that the scripture isn't true and in the book of Daniel there are numerous attempts to do that we talked early on about the attempt to make it Appear that Daniel was a false prophecy or was a history rather than the prophecy it claims to be because a certain king didn't didn't appear in history and then oh whoops he appeared in history and And so it is it is the contention of serious biblical scholars and always has been because of what scripture says that the scripture is true and History will come alongside that eventually and if it hasn't it's because we haven't dug deep enough and it's really that simple and so this morning is we're going to be looking at a section that has Not terrible contention, but five billion different ideas about what it means.

And I know my wife has told me a trillion times not to exaggerate but It will be incumbent upon us to remember first and foremost that the scripture is true what what what it says in Daniel chapter 8 is truth and as we try to organize our thoughts about the dates involved from the Beginning of the destruction of Jewish worship in this time period in the 160s To the end of that destruction is a three-year approximately three-year ten-day period and over the decades and centuries Scholars have tried to fit that time period with different interpretations now there's some there's some spurious interpretations and and I've ignored those but I've I've tried to give credence to the better ones and I personally believe that we're talking about 2300 evenings and mornings.

Which is eleven hundred and fifty days. There's the morning sacrifice and the evening sacrifice and I'm gonna go through the the context and the explanation. But I just want to get this out at the beginning.

So you'll have something to hang your your Daniel hat on as we go through it. I Believe there's ample evidence to support that but what I believe first is the Daniel chapter 8 is true and That if I don't make the case for the eleven hundred and fifty Morning sacrifices and the eleven hundred and fifty evening sacrifices actually in reverse order because you remember in the book of Genesis It says in the evening in the morning with the first day.

And that is kind of our template is to where that concept came from in the Hebrew mind and in our minds. If I don't make the case It is important to me that you all remember that the scripture is true and Cornell was just dumber in the post.

Okay? Because I've been there before. But I will do my best to show you why I think it's it's eleven hundred and fifty Evening sacrifices and eleven hundred and fifty morning sacrifices and it comfortably fits within that three-year period.

Where the Jews lost their ability to sacrifice in the temple and then restored it when the Maccabees overthrew.

The Seleucids.

So with that as a long Blow hard introduction. Let's read. Daniel chapter 8 verses 1 through 20. Daniel chapter 8 verses 1 through 20. In the third year of the reign of Belshazzar the king a vision appeared to me Daniel subsequent to the one which appeared to me previously and I looked in the vision and it Came about while I was looking that I was in the citadel of Susa Which is in the province of Elam and I looked in the vision and I myself was beside the Ulay Canal.

Then I lifted my gaze and looked and behold a ram which had two horns was standing in front of the canal. Now the two horns were long but one was longer than the other with the longer one coming up last.

I saw a ram budding westward northward and southward and no other beast could stand before him. Nor was there anyone to rescue them rescue from his power, but he did as he pleased to magnify himself. While I was observing Behold a male goat was coming from the west over the surface of the whole earth without touching the ground and the goat had a conspicuous horn between his eyes.

And he came up to the ram that had the two horns which I had seen standing in front of the canal and rushed at him in his mighty wrath. And I saw him come beside the ram and he was enraged at him and he struck the ram and shattered his two horns and the Ram had no strength to withstand him.

So he hurled him to the ground and trampled on him and there was none to rescue the ram from his power. Then the male goat magnified himself exceedingly. But as soon as he was mighty the large horn was broken and in its place there came up four conspicuous horns toward the four winds Of heaven and out of one of them came forth a rather small horn which grew exceedingly great toward the south toward the east and toward the beautiful land and It grew up to the host of heaven and caused some of the host and some of the stars to fall to the earth and it Trampled them down it even magnified itself to be equal with the commander of the host and it removed the regular sacrifice from him and the place of His sanctuary was thrown down and on account of transgression The host will be given over to the horn along with the regular sacrifice and it will fling truth to the ground and perform its will And prosper.

Then I heard a holy one speaking and another holy one said to that particular one who was speaking How long will the vision about the regular sacrifice apply? While the transgression causes horror so as to allow both the holy place and the host to be trampled and he said to me for 2300 evenings and mornings then the holy place will be properly restored and It came about when I Daniel had seen the vision that I sought to understand it and behold standing before me was one who looked like a man and I heard the voice of a man between the banks of you lie and called out and said I Heard the voice of a man between the banks of the you of you lie.

And he called out and said Gabriel give this man an understanding of the vision. So he came nearer to where I was standing and when he came I was frightened and fell on my face. But he said to me son of man Understand that the vision pertains to the time of the end.

Now while he was talking with me I sank into a deep sleep with my face to the ground and he touched me but he touched me and made me stand up.

Right.

And he said behold I'm going to let you know what will occur at the final period of the indignation for it pertains to the appointed time of the End. The ram which you saw with the two horns represented the kings of media and Persia.

And we'll end there because we won't make it past. I don't believe we'll make it past. Verse 19 this morning.

So.

The Meaning of the 2,300 Evenings and Mornings

Last week. We get this magic out here. Last week we finished up kind of in the middle. So I'm going to back up a bit.

And.

Talk about the fact that scribes such scholars scribes. Yeah, those two scholars over the centuries have ascribed this 2 ,300 days that we're looking at in verse.

Yeah.

It's only in verse 14 I was thinking of another thing but yeah in verse 14 they have looked at that as 2 ,300 years 2 ,300 days and Some have ascribed it to be 2 ,300 evenings and mornings now. For the most part that is the standard understanding of that verse.

The entire chapter deals with a vision we talked about that is based on earth and not in the heavenlies. Note all so that the word the word in verses 11 12 and 13 for regular sacrifice is the word tamid T-a-m-i-y-d and Is actually just the word regular.

The word sacrifice is added in English translations. Because it would be confusing to an English reader if just the word regular was printed there to the Jewish reader. However, the word regular would be well understood as meaning the daily burnt offering that was given in the morning and in the evening or in the evening and in the morning is is how the order would have been in the Jewish mind and.

So one man looked at this particular word and this grouping here and here. Here's the here's his Analysis of it. He said my own exegetical examination of the term tamid was partly motivated to see if it was really necessary to connect the showbread and Candlestick with the regular essentially to discern if the regular meant the entire setup of the holy place in the temple including the furnishings.

Or if it was restricted to the whole burnt offering that was Replenished on the altar twice a day. He says. What caught my attention was that in Daniel 8 11 and 12 the reason the Hebrew term for burnt offering Ola was not Included in those passages was because for the Jews it was redundant.

In those particular instances the article the is added to tamid making what is elsewhere an adverb meaning continual into a noun with a particular idiomatic meaning. That noun form of the word ha tamid Designates a particular thing that is continual the never-ceasing whole burnt offering in the altar at the on the altar.

Dedicated entirely to God to honor him with nothing eaten by the priests. The word sacrifice is added in English Translations of those passages only because writing the regular or the continual would be confusing for us.

Though not for the original Jewish readers. Actually, it would have been better for the supplied word to have been Offering because the whole burnt offering was purely for the honor and pleasure of God not in expiation for sins.

Which is in Exodus 29 38 through 42 this ties in with what verse 8 11 says the rather small horn Removed the regular from him. He removed it from him from God. The Jews lost it. They lost the ability to sacrifice, but it was it was Antiochus's Attempt to remove something that would return with it would continually focus the Jews on Yahweh.

He wanted to be God and men make really bad gods and He wanted to remove from there for the foremost of their their vision the regular sacrifice Which was for God this sacrifice was for God. It was for God's pleasure that got taken away not an expiatory sacrifice expiatory sacrifice for human sins a standard reference work.

The theological word book of the Old Testament says this. This word is most frequently used in an in an adjectival Genitive construction with Ola for the continual whole burnt offering made to God every morning and evening that lists a whole raft of scriptures.

Every morning and the continual sacrifice the word is used alone. Not modifying another to designate the daily burnt offering in Daniel 8. Numbers 4 7 refers to the bread of continuity meaning the bread that was always there.

So this is a specific word and it refers to that daily burnt offering that was offered by the Jews by the Hebrews. For God this was for God. This was to praise to honor to bless him. So it is likely then and context and translation can support this that the 2300 evenings and mornings and notice that the translation is 2300 evening mornings the word and is supplied it's a it's a it's a common statement in Hebrew in ancient Jewish custom But for us the article gives us gives us context and meaning because it was an evening and a morning sacrifice.

So.

It this refers to the twice daily sacrifice, which was a continual sacrifice. It was supposed to never go out. Many attempts have been made to reconcile this portion of Daniel with the record in first Maccabees, which is not inspired Maccabees is not inspired, but it's a good solid history.

However, it is I said reliable history there is one attempt by an earlier content commentator to postulate that the Jews were using a 360 day year calendar the that calendar that Herodotus had come up with as.

Formulated by a actually he didn't come up with it. He used it. A fifth century Greek astronomer named Meton came up with this the Meton calendar. This has been proven to not be a tenable explanation because the Jews would not have used such an outdated calendar.

Which would have been outdated by this time? At the time of the Maccabean revolt, they most certainly would have used the Seleucid calendar. So with this as a basis for understanding the connection between the eleven hundred and fifty days and the description in Maccabees We can see that the regular sacrifice must have been disrupted before the actual abomination of desolation.

This would account for the extra time needed to reconcile the eleven hundred and fifty days of twice daily Sacrifices in Daniel 8 within the three years and ten days between the desecration of the temple in first Maccabees 54 154 and its restoration 452.

So looking at the text of first Maccabees we find this. 1 Maccabees 7 10 7 3 1 Maccabees 1 7 through 10 used to that and. After Alexander had reigned 12 years he died. Then his officers began to rule each in his own place.

They all put on crowns after his death and so did their sons after them for many years. They caused many evils on the earth and From them came forth a sinful root Antiochus Epiphanes. Son of Antiochus the king he had been a hostage in Rome.

The king had been a hostage in Rome. He began to reign in the 137th year of the kingdom of the Greeks. So after the death of Alexander four kings took his place who were then succeeded. Succeeded by various rulers.

One of these later was Antiochus Epiphanes first Maccabees 120 and 21. After subduing Egypt Antiochus returned to the 100 and returned in the 143rd year. He went up against Israel and came to Jerusalem with a strong force.

He arrogantly entered the sanctuary and took the golden altar and the lampstand for the light and all of its utensils. So the Seleucid era began around in the spring of 11 311 BC as The Jews reckoned it.

The Greeks began their se dates. Seleucid era dates. Six months earlier in the fall of 312 BC over a century after Herodotus death the Jews used that calendar during the Maccabean period. We get the date for Antiochus abomination of desolation from one Maccabees 154 through 59 54 and 59 then One Maccabees 129 through 38 and 20 and I've got a wrong number there.

Oh Chapter 29. No, I'll find out when I get here. Have you ever copied and pasted the wrong thing. It's one of my superpowers.

Yeah.

Two years later the king sent to the cities of Judah a chief collector of tribute and he came to Jerusalem with a large force. Deceitfully he spoke peaceable words to them and they believed him, but he suddenly Does that ever happen in our day boy.

Deceitfully he spoke peaceable words to them and they believed him. But he suddenly fell upon the city dealt it a severe blow and destroyed many people of Israel. He plundered the city burned it with fire and tore down its houses and its surrounding walls.

And they took captive the women and children and seized the cattle. Then they fortified the city of David with a great strong wall and strong towers and it became their citadel and they stationed. There are sinful people lawless men.

These strengthened their position. They stored up arms and food collecting the spoils of Jerusalem. They stored them there and Became a great snare it became a great snare. It became an ambush against the sanctuary an evil adversary of Israel continually on every side of the sanctuary.

They shed innocent blood. They even defiled the sanctuary. Because of them the residents of Jerusalem fled. She became a dwell a dwelling of stranger. She became a strength. She became strange to her offspring and her children forsook her.

So then two years passed after which we learned a chief collector of tribute a chief collector of tribute Arrives in Jerusalem with a large force. That would be 145 se Seleucid area era. He wreaked havoc around the temple posting troops in the city and defiling the sanctuary.

This would necessarily have caused the regular to cease since. Since offerings could never be given if the holy place was defiled by the entry of unclean Gentiles the result was that her sanctuary became desolate as The Maccabees posit at that time and the people for sick at that time and the people forsook worshiping there.

This is when we should understand the hot tummy offered offerings were interrupted. However, the exact date this began as far as I can tell is nowhere given in the histories. So we know it's we know that the the regular sacrifices ceased earlier than the abomination of desolation.

But we don't have an exact date and that's okay. Daniel 8 is still true. I don't know what the 29 meant. I'll find out and get back to you next week. First Maccabees 141 through 59. Oh I do know what it meant.

Some of you do already don't you it's the first verse in that group? Yeah, well, I've never been the sharpest knife in the drawer.

Okay.

Then the king wrote to his whole kingdom that all should be one people and that each should give up his customs. Just go along with the crowd. That would never happen today I'm sure glad all the Gentiles accepted the command of the king.

Many even from Israel gladly Adopted his religion. There are one of the princes one of the priests at the time took a Hellenistic name Jason. And he actually introduced Greek wrestling outside the temple in the period of the Maccabees.

Now the the Foremost thing to remember about that is the Greeks wrestled naked. This was part of the abomination that was going on. It was horrifying and to traditional Devout Jews, this was nothing short of an insurrection that would have to restore this.

It was awful. Unbelievable. Okay back to where I was. Many even from Israel gladly adopted his religion. They sacrificed two idols and profaned the Sabbath and the king sent letters by messengers to Jerusalem in the cities of Judah.

He directed them to follow customs strange to the land to forbid burn offerings and sacrifices and drink offerings in the sanctuary to profane Sabbaths and feasts to defile the sanctuary and the priests to build altars and sacred precincts and shrines for idols to sacrifice swine and Unclean animals and to leave their sons uncircumcised they were to make themselves abominable by everything unclean and profane so that they would forget the law and Change all the ordinances.

Marvelous, I mean Seriously sinisterly marvelous and forget all the origin change all the ordinances and whoever does not obey the command of the king shall die. In such words, he wrote to his whole kingdom and he appointed inspectors over all the people.

I think it was 87 ,000 inspectors if I remember right. Over all the people and commanded the chiefs of Judah to offer sacrifice city by city. Many of the you know people listen to this later on without the historical context.

They're gonna wonder what that means, but you know, don't you. And that's why we had to have the word sacrifice added. So change all the ordinances, okay. Many of the people everyone who forsook the law joined them and they are they did evil in the land.

They drove Israel into hiding in every place of refuge. They had now on the 15th day of Chislev in the 145th year. They erected a desolating sacrifice sacrilege on the altar of burnt offering. They also built altars in the surrounding cities of Judah and burned incense at the doors of houses and in the streets.

The books of the law which they had found they tore to pieces and burned with fire. Where the book of the Covenant was found in possession of anyone or if anyone adhered to the law the decree of the king Condemned him to death.

They kept using violence against Israel against those found month after month in the cities and on the 25th day of the month they offered sacrifice on the altar, which was on the alt which was upon the altar of burnt offering.

So the commentator who worked out of this out Has come to some of these interesting collusions and as I studied I came to this basically the same conclusion so shortly after the official letters arrived Which decreed that burnt offerings were to cease and altars replaced by pagan altars on which unclean animals were to be sacrificed.

Inspectors were appointed to ensure compliance with Antiochus's diktat. The result was that they sacred they erected a desolating sacrifice upon the altar of burnt offering. The regular hatamid However had already been stopped earlier by a chief collector of tribute so we have the cessation of the regular sometime prior to the desecration of the altar.

A Desecration triggered by erecting a pagan altar upon it, which was first used ten days after it was set up. Three five three So three three hundred and fifty four day years and one or two thirty day intermediary or intercalary months after this the Maccabees were victorious over the Seleucid forces and rebuilt the altar rededicated and Resumed the regular.

Once again this fulfilled the prophecy of Daniel 8 14. So as discussed earlier the Jewish use of the metonic cycle indicates that less than 2 ,300 evening mornings were missed Between the desolation and restoration of the altar perhaps 2264 or 2204 either way the remaining missed regular burnt offerings of the 2300 fell between the desecrating of the Sanctuary by a chief collector of tribute and the erection of the abomination of desolation on the altar by a later inspector.

Precision may elude us in the historical data. Yet all of the data of both history and scripture smoothly reconciled with each other. And that is what is matters here.

So the the the.

Adoption of a new calendar the Seleucid calendar that's going to complicate things and then us looking back thousands of years later at this mishmash of calendar years. So it wasn't until not not too long ago that scientists Were able to come up with a much better way of reconciling the missing day when you have a 360 day year a 355 day year a 354 day year ours is a 365 day year with one day added every four years and That doesn't quite do it.

I don't remember what the second edition is but every so many years They have to add another one to somebody in here. I mean, it's not important, but I'm a nerd and I would like to know what that is. I suppose I could look it up at any rate the point is The Sun our revolution around the Sun is like 365 0 .24 or whatever and there's no such thing as a 0 .24 day.

I mean God could have done that if he wanted to but he chose not to. So the reconciliation of these dates is what has eluded people all these years. I believe this is a pretty good analysis of the situation and sets up an understanding that the the three years and ten days give or take or occurred between the Initial removal of the regular which was before the abomination of desolation and then the restoration of the kingdom by the Maccabees in their revolt against the Seleucids and So Daniel 8 14 is true no matter what but this at least in my mind gives a reasonable Explanation of the dates involved.

Now if anybody wants that in writing so that you can understand what the 29 was I'll be glad to give it to you. Just let me know any questions about 814 and and why it's important is to just remember That scripture is true.

And if we put our minds to it, we can figure out how history aligns with it. Or if the guy hasn't showed up yet like Belshazzar, we just got to wait until he's discovered but scripture is true so to repeat the 2300 evening mornings refer to an 1150 day time period which fits very neatly inside the history given to us in one Maccabees and To repeat again one Maccabees is not our our anchor.

Daniel is our anchor Maccabees is a a good history that gives us some time periods to look into and file these dates into and see how they work.

Out.

Gabriel, Daniel, and the Time of the End

So then in verse 15 Daniel says. When I Daniel had seen the vision I sought to understand it and behold standing before me was one who looked like a man. So this is the first instance of an angel being named in Scripture.

It's important to note that Daniel says that the person standing before him looked like a man. He was seeking deeper understanding of this vision. The implication of this verse is that the angel appeared suddenly.

Of course The Lord could anticipate that Daniel was going to be asking questions. And so he made available one who could explain even before Daniel asked. This is the same angel That announced John the Baptist birth to Zacharias and to Jesus and Jesus birth to Mary in Luke chapter 1 19 and 26 verse 16 and I heard the voice of a man Between the banks of Uli and he called out and said Gabriel give this man an understanding of the vision.

So the origin of the voice is not named. We don't know who the voice was that called out. Some think it was the angel Michael. Calvin believes it was the Lord Jesus Christ. The word for man in verse 15 comes from the Hebrew Geber which refers to a man or a warrior and Sounds like the beginning of Gabriel's name.

To this word is added the word L which is the word for God forming the name man of God or warrior of God. Gabrielle Gabriel. The only other entry angel mentioned in the scriptures is the angel Michael in Jude 9 and in Revelation 12 7 in Contrast angels are mentioned multitudes of times in non-scriptural apocrypha.

Supposedly the names of the Archangels if you want are a Michael Gabriel Raphael Jeremiah Uriel Raguel Remy L. Zerich he'll Salafi L Jella do L Barra KL Sarah quell fan UL and don't eat the salad. So but those are all in extra scriptural apocrypha and therefore We can look at them and say oh wow cool names, but the only two that are named in the scriptures are Gabriel and Michael.

Scriptural is careful in only naming those who had specific responsibilities in any event. Gabriel was instructed to give Daniel an Understanding of the vision. Now I notice here that he doesn't say a full understanding, but an an understanding of the vision.

Daniel 8 17. So he came to where I was standing and when he came I was frightened. And I fell on my face and but he said to me son of man. Understand that the vision pertains to the time of the end.

So apparently.

When the angel approached. When the angel approached it was terrifying because remember Daniel was the man who's now remember this. Daniel was the man who stood up to Nebuchadnezzar even though it meant death.

He was the man who had friends like Shadrach Meshach and Abednego Abednego Abednego Abednego. I was doing the Archangels again. So maybe he was an archangel. Hey we could start our own church. Give me a break.

This was a man who was who was used to being put in places where he had to make a decision to do the right thing and He was terrified apparently we thought by nothing, but when this angel came to him.

He said it said that. It was terrifying he was I was. I was frightened, and I fell on my face now. The first thing Gabriel declares is that this vision pertains to the time of the end. So it has end times implications as verse 19 indicates it has something to do and as verse 19 Implicates it it has something to do with something called the indignation.

Here Daniel prostrated himself out of fear. This is a very is this is very similar to what John did when the angel appeared to him in Revelation 19 910 the angel came to John then he said to me right.

Blessed are those who are invited to the marriage supper of the Lamb. And he said to me these are the true words of God. Then I fell at his feet to worship him. But he said to me don't do that do not do that.

I am a fellow servant of yours and your brethren who hold the testimony of Jesus worship God for the testimony of Jesus is the spirit of prophecy so angels a true angel is not going to want to be worshipped a true messenger of God whether it's an angel or a Human will direct all worship to the Father the Son and the Holy Spirit always keep that in mind.

Now verse 18 while he was talking with me I sank into a deep sleep with my face to the ground and he touched me and made me stand upright. So it's unlikely. I mean I could you picture this. You're you're in the face of the angel Gabriel, and he's gonna dictate to you the end times.

I don't think that's what happened. The it is unlikely that this is indicating that Daniel went to sleep. He would hardly do so in an exciting time like this. It's much more likely that he fainted and this is a nice way of putting it.

The Hebrew word for deep sleep referred to refers to being stunned or stupefied and This is understandable since he was in the presence of an incredible mighty angel. Eventually Gabriel touched him and woke him up and helped him to stand upright.

Come back to come back to awake Daniel. I have I have an explanation for you verse 19. He said then he said behold I'm going to let you know what will occur at the final period of the indignation for it pertains to the appointed time of the.

End.

The Indignation, the Times of the Gentiles, and the Four Views of Daniel 8

What is the indignation? Daniel here refers to something called the indignation. This is a general reference to the fact that God at various times through Israel's hit at various times throughout Israel's history Was greatly angered at their behavior and had to chastise them.

He used many agencies throughout history including the Gentile nations. There will be a final period of indignation just before the second coming of Christ but some of the applications of God's and of God's indignation included.

Number one conquest and subjugation by a Syrians approximately 740 BC. Isaiah 10 5 woe to Assyria the rod of my anger and the staff in whose hands is my indignation. And then Isaiah 10 3 25 4 in a very little while my indignation will be spent and my indignation my anger will be directed to their Destruction.

So he would use Gentile nations. And then he would he would come to Israel's rescue once they had come around as it were. Number two conquest and captivity by Babylon 597 BC. Daniel lamentation 2 6. And he has Violently treated his tabernacle like a garden booth.

He has destroyed his appointed meeting place. The Lord has caused to be forgotten the appointed feast and Sabbath in Zion and he has despised king and priest in the indignation of his anger. So that's Jeremiah and his lamentations recording what God did in in the Babylonian captivity and then in Zechariah 1 12.

Then the angel of the Lord said O Lord of hosts How long will you have no compassion for Jerusalem in the cities of Judah which you have been with which you have been indignant these? 70 years. And then last it will continue through the time of the tribulation in the Antichrist Daniel 11 36.

Then the king will do as he pleases and he will exalt and magnify himself above every God and will speak monstrous things against the God of gods. And he will prosper and the until the indignation is finished for that which is decreed will be done.

So the indignation began approximately 737 40 BC and will continue until the second coming of Christ. It parallels the times of the Gentiles. The fact that there is a former portion of the indignation Indicates that there's a former and a latter.

So this former again is that which began with the captivity of Assyria? The latter stretches from the end of the Babylonian captivity until the second coming of Christ. One commentator put it this way.

He said it could be said that the indignation is the title of God's program for Israel and the times of the Gentiles is The title of God's program for the Gentiles based during the same basic period of history.

So Daniel received this vision during the former portion of the indignation. But through Daniel God predicted the Medo-Persian ascendancy and the Grecian conquest and then later the Roman conquest. But including the horrible things that Antiochus Epiphanes did to the Jewish nation.

So God in the former portion of the indignation predicts what is to come in the second the latter part of the indignation. So now regarding the fulfillment of this there are four main views that have emerged over the centuries regarding this section of Scripture.

Number one is The historical view and the historical view is that all of Daniel has been fulfilled. This is largely supported by liberals and some Amillennials. It is generally the liberal view that the little horn of Daniel 7 is the same as the small horn of Daniel 8.

Conservative scholarship rightly disputes this conservative amillenarians also dispute this they separate the two. So this conflating of the two horns results in the view that the time of the end refers only to the reign of Antiochus Epiphanes and the few short months just before his death.

Other references to the time of the end in Daniel clearly refer to the end of the Gentile domination. Which would be the end times? So that's the first view the historical view than that is that all of Daniel 8 has been fulfilled.

The second view and which is held by very few people is the futuristic view the view that the that it is entirely future. This view is taken by some who also conflate the horn of 7 and the horn of 8 as being the same.

They posit a future Roman Empire fulfillment. The problem here is that there are significant differences between the two horns in Daniel 7 and Daniel 8. They arise from different beasts their horns are different in number and the end result is different if the horn and if the horn in The fourth kingdom of Daniel 7 is Rome in the third kingdom represented by the goat in chapter 8 certainly not Rome.