The Gospel of the Kingdom 6, "The Righteousness of the Kingdom"

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Chapter 6 of George E. Ladd's "The Gospel of the Kingdom", "The Righteousness of the Kingdom" The Gospel of the Kingdom 6

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In the
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Sermon on the Mount, our Lord describes the righteousness of the kingdom. The importance of this kingdom righteousness is found in Matthew chapter 5 verse 20.
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For I tell you, unless your righteousness exceeds that of the scribes and Pharisees, you will never enter the kingdom of heaven.
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The Sermon on the Mount outlines the conditions of entrance into the kingdom of heaven. This verse links together the future and the present aspects of the kingdom.
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The qualification for entrance into the future kingdom is a present righteousness, a righteousness which exceeds that of the scribes and Pharisees.
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What kind of righteousness is this? The righteousness required for entrance into the future realm of God's kingdom is the righteousness which results from God's reign in our lives.
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The kingdom of God gives to us that which it demands, otherwise we could not attain it.
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The righteousness which God requires is the righteousness of God's kingdom which God imparts as He comes to rule within our lives.
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In our text, the righteousness now demanded is set in contrast with the righteousness of the scribes and Pharisees.
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This is significant because the scribes and Pharisees were profoundly interested in righteousness. The scribes were the professional students of religion.
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They were the men who gave their full time, like professors in a theological seminary, to the study of the scriptures and whose main objective was the definition of righteousness.
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The Pharisees were those who accepted the teachings of the scribes, their disciples who put their teachings into practice, thereby aiming to achieve a life of righteousness.
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The scribes and their disciples were motivated by the sole concern of achieving righteousness. Yet our Lord says that His disciples must possess a righteousness which exceeds that of the
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Pharisees. How can this be done? The scribes had developed an enormous body of law to define what was right and what was wrong.
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They devoted more attention and study to the definition of righteousness than any of us do. For instance, the law says that man should not work on the
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Sabbath day. If righteousness consists of obedience to law, the law must be explicit.
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The question then arises, what is work? If conformity of the will of God is defined in terms of law, then one must know precisely when he is obeying the law and when he is breaking it.
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The scribes and Pharisees did not leave anything to private judgment or to the leading of the Holy Spirit. They wanted a definition of what was right and what was wrong in every possible situation.
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Therefore, they had compiled a great mass of tradition providing this necessary definition of righteousness which became embodied in the
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Mishnah and later still in the Talmud. What is work? Let me illustrate the problem.
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As I come home from worship on the Sabbath, I see a dead leaf on a rosebush beside my walk. I stop and pick off the dead leaf.
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Have I worked? Probably not. Then I see a dead twig and I break off the twig.
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Have I yet engaged in work? Then I see another branch which I cannot break off.
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So I take my pocket knife and I cut it off. Have I broken the Sabbath? There is still another branch as big as my thumb, too large for my knife.
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And so I get my clippers and snip it off. Have I worked yet? The final step is to prune all my roses.
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If I am living in terms of law, I must have a dictum from God's law that I may know when
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I am within the will of God because my salvation depends upon it. I must know what is work and what is not.
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Here is an actual illustration from Jewish rabbinic lore. A man keeps chickens. On the Sabbath, one of the chickens lays an egg.
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Is it right to eat the egg or is it wrong? Is work involved or not? To the scribes, this was a serious problem and the rabbis debated the question and came to the following decision.
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If a man kept chickens for the purpose of producing eggs and they laid eggs on the Sabbath, work was involved and to eat the egg meant to break the
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Sabbath. But if he kept chickens for some other purpose and they happened to lay eggs on the Sabbath, no work was involved.
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The eggs could be eaten without breaking the Sabbath. This may seem humorous to us, but from the viewpoint of the
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Orthodox Jew whose salvation depended upon keeping the law, the terms of his salvation were no laughing matter.
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Jesus said, unless your righteousness exceeds that of the scribes and Pharisees, you will never enter the kingdom of heaven.
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What is the greater righteousness of the kingdom? The answer is found in the specific illustration of the righteousness given by our
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Lord, which embody a number of principles for laws. First, we have the law of anger.
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Have you heard that it was said to the men of old, you shall not kill and whoever kills shall be liable to judgment in Matthew 5 21.
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Old Testament law, the rabbinic tradition and modern law recognize there are different kinds of homicide.
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Deliberate murder is not the same as accidental homicide. And while both result in the death of an innocent victim, there is a difference in motivation of the action and therefore a difference in degree of guilt, which the law takes into account.
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Jesus went much further. I say unto you that everyone who is angry with his brother shall be in danger of the judgment and whosoever shall say to his brother,
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Raka, shall be in danger of the council and whosoever shall say, thou fool, shall be in danger of the hell of fire.
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Whosoever shall say to his brother, Raka, shall be in danger of the council. That is, shall be liable to trial and condemnation before the court.
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Raka is an Aramaic word, which may mean empty head. It is a word of strong emotion and expression of anger.
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And this is all that is necessary for our understanding. Whosoever shall say, thou fool, shall be in danger of the hell of fire.
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When I was a boy, I was very careful never to call anyone a poor fool, even in jest, because I had read this verse.
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I was certain that if my tongue slipped and I happened to call someone a fool, I would be sure to go to hell.
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This is not quite the way this verse is to be taken. The real meaning of our Lord's words is not found in the precise significance of Raka and fool.
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The point is that both words and many others are evidence of anger and contempt toward another.
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And it is this anger with which our Lord is here concerned, whatever form of expression it takes.
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What did Jesus mean? Is anger as bad as murder? Is the hurling of a hateful insult at another which wounds his spirit as serious a sin as the hurling of an axe which spills his brains?
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This cannot be our Lord's meaning, else we wreck the moral code. What Jesus meant was murder is sin, indeed.
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But I say unto you, anger is sin. Here is the root of the matter. Anger is sin.
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Have you ever found yourself in a situation where you were deeply angry? And while you did not murder anyone, if you had given vent to your feelings, you could have done so.
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If looks could split a man's skull, someone's head would have been laid open from ear to ear. Where there is such anger in your heart, where there is an evil attitude toward another, there is sin.
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Murder is anger, full grown. The scribal teaching laid the emphasis upon the outward act.
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A man might harbor hatred toward another, but not be guilty of serious sin if he restrained his anger.
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Jesus says this is not true righteousness. It is not the outward act, which is the all important thing, but the attitude of a man's heart.
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If down in the heart there is smoldering hatred and bitter anger, which is expressed in nothing more deadly than words or even thoughts in the sight of God, one is a sinner and deserving hell.
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You may never have swung a club or thrown a stone or thrust a knife, but if the heart harbors bitterness, hatred, anger,
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Jesus said that you are condemned before God as a sinner. The righteousness which the kingdom of God demands is not concerned alone with outward acts of sin.
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It goes behind the act, behind the deed to the heart and deals with what a man is himself before God.
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God's righteousness says what you are is more important than what you do, except your righteousness exceeds the righteousness of the scribes and Pharisees.
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You will never enter the kingdom of God. Kingdom righteousness demands that I have no evil in my heart toward my fellow man.
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It is obvious that such a heart righteousness can itself be only the gift of God. God must give what he demands.
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If we know the righteousness of the kingdom of God, the anger and the animosity which frequently rises within us because we are fallen human beings can be transformed into an attitude of love and concern.
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The righteousness of God's kingdom is the product of God's reign in the human heart. God must reign in our lives now if we are to enter the kingdom tomorrow.
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We have next the law of purity. You have heard that it was said you shall not commit adultery.
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But I say to you that everyone who looks at a woman lustfully has already committed adultery with her in his heart.
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Matthew chapter five, verses 27 to 28. Again, the greater righteousness of the kingdom of God is a righteousness of the heart in contrast to mere rightness of conduct.
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The scribal law forbade illicit sexual relationships. And if one abstained from such sinful conduct, he was innocent.
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Jesus says that there is a higher standard which lays his demands upon men and women. It is the standard of God's kingdom.
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It is a standard which cannot be formulated in terms of a legal code, for it goes beyond the act to the intent.
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Before law, adultery is sin. Jesus says, if in your heart there is lust, you stand before God as a guilty sinner in need of his forgiveness.
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Do we dare to be honest with God's word? There are probably few who will read these words who could be condemned as adulterers or adulteresses in the strict sense of the word.
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But God's kingdom does not stop with externals. It pierces to our thoughts and imaginations to the purposes of the mind and the heart.
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It goes to the very reservoirs of our being. Jesus says, if there is lust, if you look upon a woman with evil desire, you stand before God as a sinner.
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Righteousness, sexual purity begins in the heart. How modern this verse is.
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In a day when sin is glamorized, put on display, when our social habits thrust temptation upon us, we need to come back to the standards of old fashioned biblical righteousness and purity.
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The imperative need for a pure heart is emphasized in the words that follow. If your right eye causes you to sin, pluck it out and throw it away.
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It is better that you lose one of your members than your whole body be thrown into hell. It is very important to note that this verse and those which immediately follow cannot possibly be interpreted with rigid literalness.
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You cannot satisfy the righteousness of the Sermon on the Mount alone by fulfilling the external letter of its teaching.
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Suppose your eye is constantly leading you into sin and you read this verse and say, I am determined to solve this problem.
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The Bible says that if my eye causes me to stumble, I should pluck it out. And in a burst of determination, you jab a sharp stick into your eye and destroy it.
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Is your problem solved? Will you then be free from the sin of lust? You will experience great pain and suffering, but your real problem has not been touched.
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For sin lodges in the heart, not in the eye. The same thing is true of the next verse.
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And if your right hand causes you to sin, cut it off and throw it away. It is better that you lose one of your members than that your whole body should go to hell.
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In verse 30, suppose you are constantly being led into sin by your hand and you read this verse and forthwith say, here is the solution for my problem.
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I'll cut my hand off. Then I will sin no more. Will that solve the problem?
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The problem is not in your hand, but in the heart, in the mind. What then does our
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Lord mean? If his words are not to be taken literally, how are we to understand them?
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They mean this, that if lust is your besetting sin, do anything necessary to find a solution to the problem, whatever the cost may be.
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If plucking your eye out would solve the problem, do it. If cutting your hand off would solve the problem, do it.
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Do whatever you must. Do not play with sin. Do not toy with temptation or it will destroy you.
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It is obvious that here again is a standard of righteousness which transcends the level of human attainment.
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Who is free from temper? Who is pure and free from lust? Taken out of context, these words only condemn us to perdition.
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No man in any era can fulfill them. Yet it is the righteousness which
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God's kingdom demands and the righteousness which God demands of us. He must give to us or we are lost.
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The only life which can be made pure is the life which knows the power of God's kingdom, his rule.
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Furthermore, only those in whom God now exercises his rule will enter his future kingdom.
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This saying, apart from the grace of God, is not salvation but condemnation.
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We must notice verses 31 and 32. It was also said, whoever divorces his wife, let him give her a certificate of divorce.
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But I say to you that everyone who divorces his wife except on the ground of unchastity makes her an adulteress and whoever marries a divorced woman commits adultery.
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Here is a teaching which flies in the face of our modern conventions. Today, divorce and remarriage are casual matters.
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The standards of marital morality are often determined by convenience, not by the word of God. This unbiblical standard is pervading our entire culture.
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How often a man or woman puts away his mate because he has grown tired of her or she of him or has found a new infatuation.
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Such conduct is becoming almost a modern fashion. God's word says that it is sin.
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Jesus said, there is one ground for divorce. When one party is unfaithful and breaks the marriage vow in the sight of God, the marriage bond is broken.
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The Old Testament condemned adultery with the death penalty, Leviticus chapter 20 verse 10. The New Testament says that an adulterer is to be considered as one dead and the innocent party is freed from his marriage vows as though his mate had died.
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But divorce for the sake of marrying another is sin, for it is rooted in lust.
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Our generation needs to return to biblical standard of purity and the relationship between the sexes for the foundation of a stable family life.
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This is the righteousness that belongs to the kingdom of God. We next meet the law of honesty.
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Again you have heard that it was said to men of old, you shall not swear falsely, but shall perform to the
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Lord what you have sworn. But I say to you, do not swear at all, either by heaven, for it is the throne of God or by the earth, for it is his footstool, or by Jerusalem, for it is the city of the great king.
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And do not swear by your head, for you cannot make one hair white or black. Let what you say be simply yes or no.
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Anything more than this comes from evil. In Matthew chapter five, verses 33 to 37. It is possible to take these verses superficially in a literal interpretation of the letter and miss the meaning altogether.
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Some people feel they satisfy the teaching of the passage when they never let themselves be put under oath in a court of law.
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However, the formal oath taken in modern legal procedure is not the context of this teaching.
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The setting of our Lord's words is something quite different. The Jew of antiquity was quite ready to put himself under oath as a show of his alleged goodwill and fidelity.
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To the Jewish mind, various objects possess differing degrees of holiness, and an oath was binding only to the degree that the object used in the oath was thought to be holy.
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Thus according to the scribal tradition, a man might bind himself by a succession of oaths and yet violate his word without guilt.
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Jewish casuistry reached its climax in the scribal discussion of the validity of various oaths.
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This made a mockery of the basic ethic of honesty. It is this historical situation which provides the background for our
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Lord's teaching. Jesus said, These and many other objects were used in the taking of oaths.
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What our Lord means is this, if you must take an oath before your word can be trusted, that very fact convicts you of being a sinner.
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The man who knows the righteousness of the kingdom of God does not need an oath at all. His naked word is valid.
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How modern this ancient teaching is, its relevance is found not in the question of a formal oath in our legal processes.
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Here is a man who is punctilious about keeping the letter of his agreement, but he can find a way to get around the letter and take an unfair advantage of his competitor.
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He prides himself for his cleverness. Let the other fellow be smart enough to guard himself against that loophole.
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The righteousness of the kingdom of God cuts squarely across such superficial hypocrisy.
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Let your word be your oath. When you say you will be doing something, let your neighbor be able to trust your word, both in the spirit and the letter of your promise.
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This is the law of honesty. How the righteousness of the kingdom, the law of honesty, tests our business ethics.
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In our competitive society, Christians often employ the world standards in the conduct of their business rather than the standards of the kingdom.
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One would never know from the way some Christians conduct themselves in their business relationships that they knew anything about the righteousness of God.
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God wants us to bear our testimony with our lips. But even more important is what we are and how we live.
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Accept your righteousness exceeds that of the scribes and Pharisees. You shall never enter the kingdom of heaven.
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Let us consider one more illustration of kingdom righteousness. The law of love.
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You have heard that it was said an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth. But I say to you, do not resist one who is evil.
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But if one smites you on the right cheek, turn to him the other also. And if anyone would sue you and take your coat, let him have your cloak as well.
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And if anyone forces you to go one mile, go with him two miles. Give to him who begs from you and do not refuse him who would borrow from you.
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In verses 38 to 43. This teaching has been a stumbling block to many.
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How can we possibly apply the Sermon on the Mount in this evil world and live by its standards? If anyone interprets these words literally, he certainly cannot conduct a business venture or protect his own interests.
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Recently, I passed through a small New England village where I lived as a boy and I stopped at one of the two general stores to see a man whom
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I remembered from my boyhood. His name was on the sign above the door, but the store was locked up and inside it was all confusion.
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I stopped at the other store up the street and asked, what happened to John X that his store is locked up?
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I was told that John had been too kind and generous. He trusted everybody. He gave such unlimited credit that he became bankrupt.
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He had to go out of business because of his debts. Is this not what the
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Sermon on the Mount tells us to do? If we should obey it with wooden literalness, this would be the inevitable frequent result.
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If the Western nations literally practiced non -resistance and liquidated all military resources, we would at once find ourselves under a worldwide tyranny of communism.
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However, we have already discovered that our Lord sometimes uses radical metaphors, which were not intended to be taken with rigid literalness.
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He was concerned with the condition of the heart, with the inner attitude of the mind. The righteousness of the kingdom of God demands an attitude of heart, which is not motivated by selfish concerns, which does not demand even one's legitimate rights.
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Our Lord looks for a complete freedom from any spirit of personal revenge when one speaks ill of you, when one has offended you.
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What is your reaction? The reaction of the natural man, the reaction of the moral man, even of the religious man is to get even and to square the account.
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This is not the righteousness of God's kingdom. God's righteousness manifests itself in a hard attitude, which is motivated by love for him who has done the wrong and which is free from the motivation of personal vindication.
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The illustrations our Lord gives are radical instances of the expression of love.
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This love extends even to our enemies. You have heard that it was said, you shall love your neighbor and hate your enemies. But I say to you, love your enemies.
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In verses 43 and 44. Yes, love your enemies, not merely your friends or your kind neighbors, or even those who are neutral toward you.
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But love those who do you wrong. Love those who deliberately harm you. This is the supreme test of Christian character.
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I've seen situations where people in the church of God do not put this principle into practice among themselves.
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I've witnessed among God's people bitterness and rancor and animosity and hostility and enmity. This is a denial of our true character.
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Jesus says your attitude, your actions must always be motivated by love. Complete freedom from the spirit of revenge and of self -indication, returning love for hatred, repaying kindness for evil.
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This is the righteousness of God's kingdom. This love is not primarily a feeling or an emotion.
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It is concern in action. Love seeks the best welfare of the objects of its concern.
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The classic portrayal of Christian love is 1 Corinthians chapter 13. And when Paul would describe what love is, he tells us how love works.
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Love is patient and kind. Love is goodwill and action. Love is concern and expression.
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We know from other teaching of God's word that love may sometimes chastise and discipline. Whom the
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Lord loves, he chastens. In Hebrews chapter 12, verse 6. Love does not mean the abandonment of justice and right, nor is it a sentimental benevolence, which does not have the capacity for holy wrath.
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Our human problem rests in the difficulty, shall we say the impossibility, of extricating elements of personal peak and selfish vindication from holy wrath.
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Our Lord's teaching has to do with the springs of one's personal reaction and character. Love seeks the best welfare even of its enemies.
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It can return a curse with a blessing. It can repay violence with gentleness. It can reward a wrong with kindness.
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It can act in this way because it is not motivated by a spirit of vengefulness, but of concern for the other man.
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This is the righteousness of God's kingdom. A supreme manifestation of this law of love is found in forgiveness.
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Jesus taught us to pray, forgive us our debts as we forgive our debtors.
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Matthew chapter 6, verse 12. You can truly forgive a man only when you act in love.
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If you do not look upon him with love, you do not really forgive, even though you profess to do so.
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Someone may say, this petition is not a Christian prayer. It is talking about a transaction with God.
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We ask God to forgive us in the measure and the degree to which we have forgiven others. This reflects a legal righteousness, not the righteousness of grace through faith.
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Christians pray, forgive us freely for Christ's sake. Let us think this through.
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If the righteousness of the kingdom of God is a righteousness of human works, we must at once admit that the prayer has no application to anyone.
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Human nature does not forgive like that. It does not matter in what dispensation you look, you cannot find unregenerate human nature, which will produce conduct like that demanded in the
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Sermon on the Mount. If this verse is based on legalistic ground, then anyone who attempts to live by it is condemned.
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We need God's perfect forgiveness, and it is not human nature to forgive like that. The word of God has a way of explaining itself.
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In Matthew chapter 18, our Lord explains what this forgiveness means. Peter had been troubled by Jesus's teaching about forgiveness.
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How could anyone forgive so completely? Finally, he came to the Lord and said to him, Lord, how often shall my brother sin against me and I forgive him?
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As many as seven times? In verse 21. Now, seven is not a very large number, is it?
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But let us consider this situation. If someone offends us in the same way, seven times in succession, can we honestly forgive him the same insult seven times?
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This is not a trivial offense, but hear what our Lord says. I do not say to you seven times, but 70 times seven in verse 22.
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70 times seven? How many times is that? 490? Suppose someone called you a vile name 490 times in succession.
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Every day at 9 .30 AM, a business associate who dislikes you comes into your office, stands before your desk and curses you 490 times.
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That is nearly two years of working days. Could you forgive him? Would you want to forgive him?
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Only a heart filled with the grace of God could forgive like that. Jesus illustrated the quality of forgiveness demanded by the kingdom of God by a parable.
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Therefore, the kingdom of heaven may be compared to a king who wished to settle accounts with his servants.
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When he began the reckoning, one was brought to him who owed him 10 ,000 talents.
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In modern terms, that would be about $10 million. Here was a man in a hopeless situation.
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His burden of debt was so great that he had no hope of ever settling his affairs in meeting the debt.
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He was bankrupt. And as he could not pay, his Lord ordered him to be sold and his wife and children and all that he had in payment be made.
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In verse 25, this was the ancient method of dealing with debtors. Bankruptcy meant not only the liquidation of all business resources, it included the liquidation of all personal resources and property.
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And beyond that, a man's wife, his children and the debtor himself were sold into slavery that every possible asset might be realized by the creditor against the debt.
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So the servant fell on his knees imploring, Lord, have patience with me. I will pay you everything.
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In verse 26, the debtor begged for mercy and forgiveness. And even though he knew he could never pay the debt, he promised to do so.
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And out of pity for him, the Lord of that servant released him and forgave him the debt of $10 million.
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What amazing kindness. But that servant, as he went out, came upon one of his fellow servants who owed him a hundred denarii.
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A hundred denarii is $20. Well, this was a substantial sum of money in that day.
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It was one which a man could repay in time. $10 million of debt, $20 of credit.
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He had just been forgiven this staggering $10 million debt. And he was then confronted by a fellow servant who owed him a mere $20.
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And seizing him by the throat, he said, pay what you owe. So his fellow servant fell down and besought him, have patience with me and I will pay you.
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He refused and went and put him in prison till he should pay the debt. Word of the unforgiving spirit of the forgiven servant came to the ears of his master.
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Then his Lord summoned him and said to him, you wicked servant, I forgave you all that debt because you besought me.
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And should not you have had mercy on your fellow servant as I had mercy on you? And in anger, his
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Lord delivered him to the jailers till he should pay all his debt. In verses 32 to 34.
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Then our Lord adds these sobering words. So also my heavenly Father will do to every one of you if you do not forgive your brother from the heart.
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In verse 35. Yes, we do pray, forgive us our debts as we forgive those who sin against us.
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And this parable of forgiveness, notice one thing, God's forgiveness precedes and conditions my forgiveness of my fellow.
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The point of the parable rests in this fact. Human forgiveness is to be grounded upon and motivated by the divine forgiveness.
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My willingness to forgive is the measure of the reality of my profession that I have been forgiven.
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If I say that the Lord has forgiven me the $20 million debt of my sin, and yet I cannot forgive some brother a mere $20 of a relatively trivial offense against myself,
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I make a mockery of my Christian profession. There is no reality in such a self -contradictory religion.
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Yes, we must pray, forgive us as we forgive. This is the law of love.
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This is the gospel of the kingdom. The righteousness of the kingdom is a righteousness which only
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God himself can give. Perfect purity, perfect honesty, perfect love, perfect forgiveness.
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What man is there anywhere in any dispensation who can live such a life? If the righteousness of the kingdom is a standard by which
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I must attain in my own ability, I stand forever condemned and shut out of the kingdom of God.
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No one Jew or Gentile by human merit can attain the standard of the Sermon on the Mount. The righteousness was
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God's kingdom demands. God's kingdom must give. It must be of grace or I am lost.
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Our Lord's own illustration of forgiveness shows that this is the divine order. I can really forgive only as I know
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God's forgiveness. I can manifest the life of the kingdom only as I have experienced it. But as we have discovered in our earlier studies,
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God's kingdom has entered into the present evil age and we may experience his life, his righteousness. The righteousness of the
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Sermon on the Mount is the righteousness of the man who has experienced the reign of God in his life.
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This is the standard by which the disciple of the Lord Jesus is to live. He will attain it insofar as he has experienced the sovereign reign of God.
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He is to seek an experience which is completely under divine direction. The beginning of this experience is found in the new birth.
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Jesus said to Nicodemus, unless one is born anew, he cannot see the kingdom of God. In John chapter three, verse three.
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When one submits himself to the reign of God, the miracle of the new birth takes place in his heart.
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The Holy Spirit creates new life and the miracle of the new birth happens. And then he submits to the reign of God in his heart.
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As a new creature, the servant of God's rule will experience a real and evident measure of the righteousness of God's kingdom in this evil age.
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This is not stated, but is assumed in the Sermon on the Mount. The righteousness of the kingdom is a manifestation of the life of the kingdom, just as the fullness of life, which belongs to the age to come has been a present blessing.
32:06
So the righteousness of the kingdom belongs to the age to come, but has been imparted to the sons of the kingdom through Christ and the