FBC Adult Sunday School – March 20, 2022

There are two sheets in the back the one on your left as you face to the front is from last week the new. One's on the right and depending on how far we get today. Little stick here.

So.

Evidence for Design in the Cell

Now I can tell you as a healthcare provider for several decades that the pastor is fully recovered and. That is based upon not objective evidence, but it's a paste upon this. You see this picture Pastor is continuing to send me harassing emails.

With pictures of stuff I think he was doodling on here when his fever was a little elevated. No, actually this is a picture of a publication that John Hopkins came out with this year and. And they based it on the latest Studies using cryo electron microscopy and Also magnetic resonance imaging and so they're able to take these.

You know how small these structures are right again. How big is a cell how many cross the diameter of a hair? About 25. That's the only number Mike now officially remembers is 25. Okay, that's a good number.

I'm sure he knows a few more than that. But anyhow what they've done is they've. They computerized this in color enhancement so that you can see all of these little structures. So you're looking at just a fraction of a cell with a slice that has been computer enhanced.

So we've talked about some of these little structures. Remember, they're called organelles an organ is a group of tissues that has a specific function in organelles we said our Microscopic organs none of which Darwin was able to see.

Otherwise, he would have kiboshed his own theory. Okay, so just absolutely some beautiful structures. That are there. Okay now the limits of them evolution. This is a really in my opinion simple concept that you can lay out for someone and say Explain this to me now.

You've heard me do that kind of stuff before right this stuff. We look at and there's just no way it could ever have evolved. So how do the amino acids assemble into proteins? You guys know what proteins are there's vegetable proteins and animal proteins and all of that.

Proteins are made up of 20 smaller Building blocks called amino acids and we said that there were how many letters in the alphabet? How many words? Infinite right because you can keep playing with it and and all of you people that do Texting and stuff you keep inventing new words that us old people have no idea what you're talking about.

So you can take these 20 different amino acids you can put them the same one. Or you can just choose and keep playing with those 20 in these. Proteins can get large they can get several hundred thousand amino acids long.

We don't have words that are several hundred thousand letters long. I Know in the medical world some of those words sound like it, but they're not okay. Do you get it so very very complex? So what came first?

Proteins are protein synthesis. Do you remember last week? We did the protein synthesis with those ribosomes? We showed you the two videos. So you started with that DNA the DNA partially in hooks you make a template.

Called RNA and that now is the model that leaves the nucleus and goes out and it starts Feeding on the amino acids which feed through the pac-man. Remember the pac-man and out the other end come the finished proteins.

How many proteins per cell per second? Don't be so cheap. Let's go with a hundred and fifty thousand. Okay, yeah, so two numbers no he's got down. So I mean it's just and it takes a lot of energy every time you hook one amino acid to another it takes molecules of ATP.

So even if you're sleeping are you using energy?

So.

And this is this is where I can begin to get into marital issues because I would tell my students who were mainly females. I'm gonna say, you know when you're working hard and the guy in a Saturday afternoon is sitting on the couch watching football.

And you say get up you lazy bum has he been busy the whole time making proteins. Okay, I didn't doesn't gain traction. Gentlemen, don't try it at home Jim. Those cast-iron frying pans. They don't get any lighter.

Okay. So here we go. The smallest bacteria that we know contains 482 proteins which are made up of amino acids and has 562 ,000 bases nitrogenous bases in its DNA. Relatively simple DNA requires 30 specialized protein DNA replication.

So even before a DNA can replicate how many finished proteins do you have to have to replicate that DNA? 30 if you don't have all 30 of those proteins, can your DNA replicate? No, if you can't replicate your DNA, then the cell can't Reproduce the cell dies and it's game over 200 billion years later you evolve another cell, but you don't have those 30 proteins.

Did you get it? You have to have all this equipment on the front end. To get it to work. Consider a tiny little protein made up of a hundred and fifty amino acids. First you have to form the correct bond in other words.

You've got to have each of these things. There's different ways for amino acids to bond and we're not going to get into the chemistry. But in each case it has to be the correct kind of bond. So the likelihood that you're going to get all those 150 amino acids to form the correct bond between them right making this long snake is 1 in 10 to the 45th.

That's one followed by how many zeros? 45 zeros. That's the third one. You just love this math stuff. Is that a big number? Bigger than the federal deficit a lot bigger. Then as these things bond they can either do a left-handed spiral or a right-handed spiral.

All of them have got to be the right-handed spiral. Okay, so they got a bond but that when they bond they have to twist the right direction so now you have 1 in 10 to the 45th and 1 times 10 to the 45th, which now you're up to 1 in 10 to the.

90th.

Then you have to have the correct sequence. So if it's valine, proline, leucine, isoleucine, isoleucine. Because every time you go you have to choose the correct one out of the 20. That now bumps you up to 10 to the 195th.

Power. What did we say mathematically was considered to be infinite? 1 in 10 to the 30th. How many elementary particles. When for the sake of simplicity electrons protons and neutrons how many electrons protons and neutrons in the entire universe.

10 to the 90th. So to evolve by chance the simplest protein in the simplest Bacteria is 1 in 10 to the 195th. Are we done discussing the possibility of evolution? It's over. They can't explain that one folks.

Did you catch the simplicity of the math there? I mean in theory.

Right.

So let's just say because time and chance time and chance time and chance you end up with this scrawly little protein. What's it gonna do? It's gonna sit there. Can a protein live. A protein is not alive.

No, it's just there. So you need all these other proteins and all even if you put all the proteins together in fats and carbohydrates. You have this blob now, where did what is life don't even go there.

How does the cell become alive? Pixie dust. All right. Okay. Making a hundred and fifty amino acid protein assumes the existence of all 20 amino acids. All of them would have have to had e evolved by chance.

First.

So there was an experiment called the Miller all ray experiment Miller all right ULREY it is still in textbooks and What they did is they were able to take Amino acids put them in an environment in a vat basically like in a retard tube make the perfect environment and just spark it with electrical charges and they were able to make proteins and.

They said we have proven evolution. Well, the problem is this they used a methane rich environment. Methane is a gas. We now know That in the early days, we didn't have a methane rich environment. It was an oxygen rich environment.

They tried repeating that experiment with oxygen is oxygen destructive. Especially in Chevrolet's in roofs, right. Oxygen is an oxidizer. So it causes rust you can put all those little amino acids in an oxygen rich environment and you can't form proteins.

Even after we know that is that still showing up in the textbooks? Yeah. Some of them a lot of them have gotten rid of them. But some it's still in there and it's just it's dishonest is what it is. But you hear that quoted.

Yeah. Well, yes, you'd have to have all the correct correct rotation once. Just by time and chance. It's just mathematically just move moving on with not I'm not shutting you off. But if somebody says just say come on really.

Here's the numbers it is a dead subject we got to move on because it can't it can't. Perfect yes perfectly designed lab conditions as opposed to random primordial ooze. Exactly do you see where it really goes dead end quickly folks.

It really goes dead end. Okay, so there we are. Urinary system. Okay, I find this little guy fascinating. I'm glad this thing works. So Basically when we're looking at the kidney and these are about the size of your fifth.

In the world of boxing what's an illegal shot? Kidney punch now just follow what's happening here if we can so you have this outer skin. So to speak that wraps around most organs including your kidneys.

It's a really tough fibrous thing and we call it the capsule. Then inside the capsule the first major layer is this thing called the cortex? And then and also part of the cortex it has these columns that come down like that.

And then you have these pyramid shaped things which make up this layer called the ma doula. So this is a cross-section of the kidney and basically what happens is here comes your large renal artery one to the left one to the right and about 20 of the blood that's coming right out of your heart down the aorta 10 of it goes to the left kidney and 10 of it goes to the right kidney.

Is that a lot of blood flow? That is a chunk of blood flow folks. So here comes this big renal artery one to the left side one to the right side. And we're gonna see what happens to them but then. Essentially what's going to happen is the blood tends to come to this outer portion here now.

Do you see this little guy called the nephron? And we're I'm going to show you a close-up. We're gonna get smaller and smaller and smaller which is typically what we've been doing. So each kidney has.

One.

Million of those little nephrons. Exactly. I've counted them. No. Approximately a million. And what these guys are responsible. They make the urine. Well, if you got a million of these guys like this facing this way and they hang this thing that goes down there.

So then eventually what's going to happen at the end of this there's a one-way valve called the papilla. So the concentrated urine ends up here and then it goes into this all open space. These are called the minor and major calyces.

Then it goes into this central region called the pelvis and the ureter. Did you get it? And then it's osteolavista. So again blood comes towards the periphery. Feeds into these million nephrons they make the urine and you get rid of those toxic substances.

And if your kidneys shut down and you're not near dialysis, are you gonna die? You're gonna die. Okay. So here we go with the nephron. You with me? Remember that squirrely little thing that we. So here's the nephron.

And here's one of those pyramid shaped things that are out in the medulla. How many nephrons per kidney. A million and. So there we go now. That big blood vessel the renal artery it breaks down into 1 million little blood vessels known as Afferent arterioles.

An arteriole is a tiny blood vessel a little larger than a capillary. So here's the afferent blood supply coming in. It comes into this tuft of capillaries known as the glomerulus. How small are capillaries?

You've got about 60 ,000 miles of them in your body. The diameter of a capillary is essentially just big enough for a single red blood cell to go through. Does that make sense? Well, we evolved. These specialized capillaries in there.

They're called fenestrated. You ladies, you know what a sieve is. Okay, and that's what those capillaries are. They have special bigger holes in them. So they leak. But we call it filtration. But they leak like crazy.

So you have blood coming in these leaky capillaries and then the blood continues out. But where all of these things have all those little microscopic holes in them things like ions waste proteins amino acids junk can actually sneak out.

But then do you lose blood cells? No, they can't get through so blood in you lose junk. And then blood goes back and it leaves the kidney. Do you get the idea? Okay. Now follow this. Please. Is your blood a part of you?

Yes, it is within your system. No, is the food in your stomach a part of you?

No.

If I had really long fingers. Well, and I'll do this in class and some of the students they thought you're really weird. So if I go over to Ed, what do you have for breakfast Ed? Some eggs, okay. So if he was back there chewing on something and I said open your mouth Ed and I stuck my finger in his mouth, but I never touched him.

Is That weird? Is it illegal?

No.

When he bites me that would be illegal. But if I had really long fingers I could go down. Never touch him. Go down and snag a little whole wheat bread and pull it that back out because he doesn't own it until he Absorbed it.

You get it. So in a weird way all the stuff in your digestive tract you don't own until you Absorb it, right. Similarly. Your blood you own because it's with you. But the stuff that leaves your bloodstream and gets out into this tube, which eventually goes into the bladder.

This would be pre urine and the stuff in your bladder is urine. You don't own it because it has left. It's just waiting to get voided. Do you get that idea?

Okay.

You're smarter than my students. Because they didn't get it. So a million of these little nephrons amazing little structures. And Notice how tiny these capillaries are. These are basically almost the same size.

Yes, sir Glomeruli, you won't really have anything in your bloodstream bigger than basically a red blood cell. Yeah. Now you can get certain other things like sickle cell. Will they get a sickle shell shape to them because of and they can begin to slice the insides of the capillaries?

And that's where you can have fatality if you have a double mutation. Yeah, I mean we're talking really delicate structures here, right?

Okay.

So here we go. Here's a bigger artery. And it gets smaller and smaller and smaller and so here is that a fair and arterial. Here's the capillary network you follow this. Here's the a fair and arterial now notice what happens because these get more and more complex that a fair and arterial comes.

Do you see the net do you see that nephron here? That was nice and simple to see. Okay, here we go. Now. What's going to happen is this guy? This is blood in glomerulus where it leaks in the new in the waste products leave and The a fair and arterial this is going to send off what's known as the peritubular Capillary network and it's just gonna wrap around like that.

You get it. Okay, so there you go. Now the contents within this tube do you own them or not? They have Left your system right now. Here's part of the problem. Some of this stuff in this guy is it leaves and gets caught by this thing.

Some of it left and you want it back. Other stuff wouldn't leave and you're gonna have to force it out. Now I can make a simplistic drawing like this. If that blue tube Represents your nephron tubule in the green tube represents the peritubular capillary network.

Now.

From here. To the very end when it's actually leaving are you going to try to get rid of some stuff that wouldn't leave here? So do you ever have? Relatives that come and stay and They won't leave. You know how to get rid of them.

You pack their bags You set them on the front porch and when they go out to retrieve them You close the door.

Okay.

The technical term here if it wouldn't leave.

And.

You're now gonna force it from the blood into the tube to leave. That's called secretion so you just secreted your relatives. On the other hand if it left and you want it back then you Resorb it. So this whole mess right here is the battle between getting rid of what wouldn't leave and getting back what left and So right here because this is your pre urine 45 gallons a day.

45 now, aren't you glad you don't make 45 gallons a year in a day? Well, I'm just thinking Do the do the rough math here. It's about two gallons an hour. You guys would all be catheterized. Other option is.

We'd just think of how many stalls we'd have in the church.

So.

You go from how many gallons another another number for Mike over here from roughly 45 down to maybe two quarts, right? Is this an amazing little structure how many of these in the body a million exactly?

Right. Oh, yeah. Now all sorts of bad things can happen. Obviously, these are really delicate structures, huh? There's certain kinds of bacteria that like to hang out right there. Is this bigger that small?

That is really tiny. That's just a little in under the microscope. And I wish I you know could show you guys this under microscope. You can see them, but they're really really tiny and that's even at 400 power so if Bacteria get in there certain species of bacteria you can have a cute Glomerulonephritis because again, that's the glomerulus.

You can go from healthy to basically dead in 24 hours. Within a certain types of an acute glomerulonephritis. Because what it will do is it will just basically shut this down and turn it into scar tissue.

Because if this gets overly inflamed you can't uninflame it. Does that make sense? It's not big enough to recover now, obviously. Dialysis Would be needed immediately because the kidneys not bouncing back, but do you see how delicate this is?

Fortunately, that's a very rare condition. On the other hand some people develop chronic glomerulonephritis. Where they start out with the million, but then they lose 10 15 you can lose about 60 to 70

And then it's gonna get back to the dialysis unit, but Take care of those buggers because you only have how many of them? Two times a million. Yeah. Okay, let's see. What's next. Oh, yeah. Yeah, we're not quite done with that.

So I'll let you analyze that because I didn't get this far so I haven't read up on it. Do you kind of see that in there all of that stuff that we were talking about? So again blood supply the afferent glomerulus efferent Peritubular capillary network you're concentrating concentrating and then basically these are the small Sewer pipes I've referred to them.

They're called the collecting ducts and then they go down to each the bottom of those pyramids with the one-way valve. Dump into the minor the major calluses into the pelvis of the kidney and then out you go.

You get the flow of things pun intended.

Renin, Aldosterone, and Feedback Control

Okay.

Now.

This is really cool. The juxtaglomerular Apparatus, you know how many points you get for that in Scrabble? That's all you should never lose a Scrabble game.

The.

Juxtaglomerular apparatus detects low blood volume blood pressure. It secretes a hormone. That's a chemical called renin. That eventually results in the adrenal cortex the adrenal gland Releasing aldosterone that restores blood volume and pressure through the reabsorption of sodium ions.

And that's kind of a simplistic. But we don't want to get it any more complex because it gets just uglier and uglier. So here we go.

Here is.

So remember this. Here is the Afferin arteriole and it really doesn't make which way I've seen it drawn both ways. So you have the efferent in the afferent arteriole? There's the glomerulus. Here's that tubule now what this group of cells right there.

That's known as the juxtaglomerular apparatus and what it basically does is it? Monitors chemical composition between the blood supply. That is leaving the glomerulus and the distal convoluted tubule.

Which contains the fluid that's basically urine. Do you get it? So you're doing a chemical analysis 24 hours a day on the difference of ion concentration between your blood and the urine and If those two things get out of kilter then these cells Release cause the kidney or cause the adrenal gland to release a hormone known as Aldosterone which retains sodium ions which reduces urine output.

How long did this take to evolve. I Mean this is remember we talked about feedback back mechanisms. And and I don't want to I you know I think I can do this with pastor, so What happened here last week?

No seriously he went from feeling apparently pretty good until what? 10 15 minutes before. So all these feedback, and we've been I don't know if you've been there before. But I've been in a similar situation you feel good and all of a sudden you think oh.

Well, we all had the ability just go sit down. He really didn't and finally enough feedback Mechanisms just said what are we doing? Let's hit the reset button right I? Don't care how hard he tried to hold on his body was saying.

We're checking out for a little bit. And I don't mean to make light of it, but those this is just one of thousands of feedback systems that your body is constantly Monitoring so that we don't die. Because if the chemical difference between these two gets too much will you die?

You will so you don't have to think about this it is Automatic questions on that. Yeah, and this is just we could go to it. Yeah. So it's just all this stuff, and and this is one of the more simple ones.

Because now we're tying in the whole Endocrine system, and I don't have to tell you if hormones get out of control can bad things happen.

Yes, sir.

Well, I'm sure that tube was still there. I you know when we get into those questions and obviously they tend to be speculative. But I would say in a situation like that is. Yes, these worked. They were there.

They were designed to do what they're supposed to do because when you're doing chemical breakdown of products you do produce noxious substances. But we do know those systems were working for hundreds of Years right.

Yeah, so I haven't seen too many people whose kidneys are still going strong after 120, so I guess that's in partial. How we would answer that? Okay, so let's get to the immune system. We won't cover this today.

In its in its entirety. We don't need to race anything. So I'm gonna give you a quick overview. And then I'm gonna throw up a diagram that I do is the immune system. Entirely appropriate for us to talk about in light of the big C word that's been plaguing us for a couple of years.

Yeah, so I just want to touch some stuff throw up a diagram and make sure I quit in time pastor. Because sometimes I get carried away with this stuff. Okay, so. Your body is comprised of approximately a hundred trillion cells.

Now before you guys were hatched right you were in a sterile environment correct. Surrounded by the amnionic sac in your own little parasitic world sucking nutrients out of mom left and right we covered that previously.

Before you were born you were made up of all these different kind of proteins right bazillions of different kinds of proteins. I've heard numbers of anywhere from two hundred two hundred and fifty thousand plus different kinds of proteins that are in the human body.

Every protein in your body was indexed. You know those little Rolodex is.

Okay.

Self, Non-Self, and the Immune System

And those younger people they have no idea what I'm talking about. That's good, and you can explain it your kids later. But the little Rolodex so before you were born your your immune system. Did a survey of all the proteins that comprised your body and they were written on their little Rolodex.

Then you popped out into the world. Is it a mean hostile environment? Yes, and all of a sudden your body and its immune system were exposed to foreign proteins. Okay now basically every cell in your body has surface receptor proteins sticking up through the phospholipid bilayer and that IDs you as self.

Versus non self. You get the idea. So if I'm a white blood cell My job is to survey the body so all I do is I kind of back float. I don't do the American crawl. It's not normal to put your face down in the water.

So I do the side stroke or the back stroke is and I'm going through the body. I'm checking out the different cells. Well. So here we got there and there those seals little guys that are that's our those are his receptor proteins.

Now if I'm a white blood cell I have these little receptors. And I go along and as long as they check out, okay, I Put down in my little logbook. Self, he's a self cell. Right got it on the other hand.

I'm coming over here, and I'm checking. I'm thinking whoa I don't think I've seen this and I go to check it, and it's not self.

It's.

Wrong receptors, what is he? Non self. What do I have to do to him or that cell? Yeah, just destroy him. Yeah, let's just cut right to the chase. Don't be nice. We're gonna destroy him. So if I don't have the equipment, but it's a t-cell I would and this is phenomenal.

How this this is going on 24 -7 folks all the time. So what I'll do is I'll just kind of cuddle up right next to this cell and I release either.

Options or.

Grandesigns so I can squirt out these little chemicals get up nice and close. How you doing? He says fine I hit him with this stuff, and it will actually perforate like perforins. It'll perforate a hole in his cell membrane if I punch a hole in his cell membrane.

He will lose homeo stasis and die. Then there's a bigger white blood cell called a macrophage and I say hey lunch. And he comes flying over and just snarfs him up and that occurs all the time. So whether you get viruses that attack and get inside a cell or you have bacteria or you get wrong blood.

Transfusion all of that stuff is now recognized as what?

Non.

Self.

The t-cells are supposed to kill them the macrophages will eat them and that occurs all the time so you do not.

Die I.

Mean just write. That's because if they take over you're gonna die. They really will so in a nutshell. So even non Self things that are alive have surface markers and all of those little this is a key word now.

All of those surface markers are called Antigens. There are little proteins that are sticking up on all of your cells and Bacteria etc and they recognize as self or non self. White blood cells go looking for antigens and To see if they're self or non self.

Okay.

And that is probably a good place to stop because the chart that I'm going to put up to supplement This is going to get crazy. Okay, let's close in prayer father. Once again, we marvel at the incredible complexity all the feedback mechanisms that you designed and engineered.

Within humans, let alone other species indeed the apparent from a surface simpleness of the human human body screams design and Demands that we glorify you and praise your name. The father help us to be more effective in doing that.

Sharing the truths of the magnificence of the human body perhaps as a witnessing tool to ultimately be able to share with people the greatest miracle and That is the conversion of hearts that only you can do.

So thank you for this time for each one that came out this morning. Help us to see you Truly as you are and to worship acceptable acceptably. Be with pastor as we go into the time of worship. As he breaks forth the word.

Musicians as they help lead in song. May indeed today be a wonderful time of worship and praise. We pray this in your son's name. Amen.