Dinosaur Trackways with Dr. Aaron Judkins

Creation Fellowship Santee and the Yearly Virtually There Presentations

Perfect. Well, I am Terry Camerazelle and I'm here on behalf of Creation Fellowship Santee, and we're excited to start off another year of our virtually there presentations. So for those who are new to us we've been meeting, collectively, for about one and a half decades really first 10, about 10 years in person.

At the Creation and Earth History Museum in Santee, California and now for the last almost four years we've been meeting online, and God has blessed us with lots and lots of speakers who have come and donated their time and God's given us this opportunity to highlight their ministries and let them share what they've been studying and learning with so many people.

So, you can find links to most of our past presentations by going to tinyurl .com forward slash CFS archives. While you're there you can also click on the link for upcoming speakers to find out the other speakers that we have scheduled so far for 2024.

And you'll see that we actually have a new platform. We have four different channels where we post our videos and one of them is now Let's Church. So if you haven't heard of that, that's a great opportunity to watch Christian videos that you can watch ad free and the transcripts are fully searchable.

So you can also email us at creationfellowshipsantee at gmail .com so you can get on our email list so you won't miss any of our upcoming speakers. Tonight we're thrilled to have with us Dr. Aaron Judkins.

Aaron is known as the maverick archaeologist, and has authored several books including his most recent Guardians of Gobekli. He was also one of the explorers featured in the 2015 documentary Finding Noah.

Aaron is credited with mapping the longest contiguous dinosaur trackway in the Western Hemisphere near Glen Rose, Texas. And he has discovered a new dinosaur trail in the Paluxy River named the Judkins Trail.

So he's here with us tonight to speak about the dinosaur trackways.

Hi, thanks for having me on. It's an honor and privilege to be a guest speaker for 2024. So give me just a second. I'll share my screen and we'll get started. Should be it right there.

And let me just go.

I think if you hit the go. Yeah, there you go.

Archaeology, Creation, and the Flood as a Framework for Dinosaur Trackways

All right. Yeah, so we'll just start off with a little fun cartoon here. Doesn't mean a thing, but this is going to drive me crazy a thousand years from now. I think that's cute because a lot of times in archaeology, you try to find clues to the past, right?

So any little thing that can fill in the gap of information, that's what we look for as an archaeologist. So to me, that's why the study of the past, whether it be ancient civilizations or in this case, we're going to talk about paleontology tonight, which is part of God's creation in the dinosaurs.

And so this is a clue to the past, which is basically kind of fills in some information of what happened during the time of the Great Deluge, what Genesis records as Noah's flood. So we're going to zoom in to the great state of Texas and right here in Glen Rose.

Now, this is where I live. I'll just give you a little background. This is my home for about 30 years now. And I came to Glen Rose and I volunteered when I first moved here at the Creation Evidence Museum and it was founded and directed by Dr. Carl Ball, who's still the director there today.

And so because of my love for history and archaeology and all things ancient, I said, hey, where's the broom? Just give me something to do. I'll do whatever. And so I just began to volunteer my time just simply because I loved museums, but I had never heard of anything called Creation Evidence Museum.

Now, this was very intriguing because my first visit to the museum was just as a visitor. I hadn't even moved to Glen Rose. And so I got introduced to the evidence for creation and it really blew my mind.

And we were talking earlier, Nate and I was discussing right before we went on tonight about that. And for me, even though I was a Christian and I had been a Christian most of my life, I got saved when I was young, was raised in church all my life, but I could never reconcile creation, the creation account in Genesis with what I was being taught in school.

And that was through an evolutionary process of what I call ponds come to Einstein, right? So it's this long periods of time that basically tells a story of we came from nothing. We have no hope. We have no future.

And we're just we can just do whatever and then we die and go back to the worms. That's basically the story of evolution. It has zero hope in that story. And you're the master basically of your own destiny.

There's nothing that you have to be accountable to. This all came out of nothing. And so for me, being raised a Christian, I could never reconcile this contrasting view of life origins. So this was the first time I got really introduced to the evidence for creation because it surpassed what I believed in.

I believed in the Genesis account. I believed in the Bible. I believed that Jesus died for me on the cross. And I believe the salvation message. But for the first time, I got evidence for my faith. And it just blew my mind.

And so this all came out of this little museum in Glen Rose, Texas, called the Creation Evidence Museum. And it's right next to Dinosaur Valley State Park. Now, about two summers ago, you probably heard on the news, it went national and international, the dinosaur tracks that was discovered in Glen Rose.

This is part of the work that I've also been involved in over the years. And so we're going to talk about that tonight, specifically these dinosaur tracks and the record of the paleontology of these trace fossil footprints that got left behind.

So we're going to zoom in to Dinosaur Valley State Park. And I'm going to show you some of this evidence and how it impacted me and the implications for our faith and what it means. This is right near Dinosaur World here.

You can see these great bird of serapods as they're walking through the park here. This is actually not part of the park. It's next to the park, but it's a wonderful display of these dinosaurs, their life size.

And the young kids can kind of, you know, walk through this area and it gives them a great sense of scale of what these dinosaurs, you know, perhaps look like. So it's fun. We have, I think since 1997, Glen Rose has been recognized as the dinosaur capital of Texas.

So we have a lot of interesting history here in Glen Rose. The picture that you see now is part of Roland T. Bird, who worked for, he was a paleontologist and he worked for Barnum Brown. And Roland T. Bird was really the first person to really recognize what these footprints were in Glen Rose.

Now, going back to probably 19, I think 1901, there was a flash flood, or maybe it was 1903, I can't remember now, but it was in the early 1900s, there was a flash flood. And Glen Rose is located in the second smallest county in the state of Texas.

And back in the 30s, this was one of the poorest counties in Texas. And so this is, of course, during the Great Depression and there was just, you know, farming and ranching, but mainly ranching, but people were really struggling.

And back in the early 1900s, this flash flood came up on the Paluxy River. And we're going to talk about some of these limestone layers, but it's a limestone bottom. And so it peeled up some of these layers, well, these tracks appeared and these local farmers didn't really know what it was.

And so they thought they were giant turkey tracks. And so it was Roland T. Byrd who basically came in the 30s, in the late 30s, I think 1938 or so. And, but it was one of the local math teachers here in Glen Rose.

There was a childhood resident that went to school. His name was Charlie Moss. And Charlie Moss was credited with finding one of the first dinosaur tracks here in the county. And he went to his, you know, he basically, he skipped school was what happened.

He skipped school, went down the river to play and he found these tracks. Well, when he went back to school, he told his math teacher, his math teacher recognized these tracks as probably dinosaur. Now nobody knew what a dinosaur really was back in these days, except for the paleontologist.

And so Roland T. Byrd was in New Mexico and got wind of this. And so he came, he basically detoured over to Glen Rose and realized that this was some of the best tracks that he had ever seen. And so basically he came and they began to clean the bottom of the river.

Now you can see these tracks here. These are, these are big serapod tracks. Now I'm going to tell you what a serapod is in the, in the next slides, but you can see these trackways that they're beginning to cut out.

Now this is before Dinosaur Valley State Park was a state park. It didn't become a state park till like 1968 or 1969, somewhere in there. So they're just cutting out these slabs and, and, and so this is, this is, this is what they were doing.

So they, they basically, because of this work, now this is, this is a picture from the forties, this really put Glen Rose on the map. And I remember interviewing when I first came and I got interested in, in, in the excavations and actually doing firsthand excavations here along the banks of the Plexi.

Some of these old timers were still alive that lived here locally. The McFalls, Novella Wilson, some others that I actually interviewed and got to know. And Mrs. Wilson, now they're all passed away now, but she told me she, she actually photographed some of the first serapod tracks that you're seeing here.

And she knew Roland T. Bird. And I said, well, you know, did you go down there? And she said, it wasn't proper for a lady to watch the men work. So we got to go down there and bring them lunch. And then we would go back at the end of the day and then we'd bring them water at lunch and things, but we'd go back at the end of the day.

So, so she took some of these photos, but this actually made the cover of National Geographic back in May, 1954. And you see at the bottom there, it says we captured a live brontosaur by Roland T. Bird.

Now, a brontosaur was actually an incorrect term that they now discovered is wrong. Brontosaur never actually existed. It's probably an apatosaur, but for those who may be familiar with the term brontosaur, this is an old terminology they used to use.

It's because they put the wrong head on the wrong body of the dinosaur and they realized it wasn't correct. And so now we know that that's, that's different. So the terminology brontosaur is not actually in use now.

What happened to those tracks that Roland T. Bird took out? These tracks are now, at least this particular trackway, is now on display at the American Natural History Museum in New York. And this is the photo that, that's in the, that's in the history museum in New York now.

So you see this big sauropod walking through, big long neck, long tail, big round feet. And next to it, you'll see these theropod three-toed tracks that are right next to it. These are some of the best preserved dinosaur tracks in the world.

And they're right here in Glen Rose. Now, the geology here in Glen Rose is, is quite fascinating. We're only not even a thousand feet above sea level here. We have multiple layers of these limestone layers here.

Now, this is kind of a softer limestone right in here. You can see some of these have fossils in them. They're, they're soft clay limestone and they get to a little bit of a harder limestone layer underneath.

But there's billions of clams. One thing that Glen Rose is known for is the billions of clams that are embedded here in the fossil layers. And these clams are anywhere from the size of your, your, your, your, your fingernail to as big as your hand or even bigger.

There are all kinds of different fossils here. They're index fossils. But these clams were essentially buried alive. And so a clam, if you think of a clam today, when it dies, it, you know, the little muscle relaxes and the bivalve pops open.

Then the birds come and scavenge it, right? And that kind of gets disarticulated. These clams were buried alive. They were buried under pressure with a lot of sediment. So they were buried in a closed position.

They didn't have time to, to, to pop open when that muscle relaxed. They didn't have time to do that. So this is a very indicate, you know, a clear indication of rapid burial. But we're going to move on to the dinosaur tracks and right underneath these layers here are the dinosaur tracks.

Now, this picture is actually located in the park. This is actually underwater, but you can clearly see these dinosaur tracks on these layers here. These are theropod three-toed dinosaur tracks. And there, there's, there's thousands of these tracks.

And we'll talk a little bit about that. This is Acrocanthosaurus. This is one of the dinosaurs here in Glen Rose. It means high spine lizard. It looks like a T-Rex almost, but it's quite not. You see this high kind of frill, dermal frill going down its back.

This is the high spine lizard that the name indicates. It's a theropod, which means three toes. And they're very similar to a T-Rex. This is what is walking around here in these layers in Glen Rose. This is another picture, artist rendition of probably what we think Acrocanthosaurus would have looked like as it was alive.

Pretty interesting. If you ever get over to the Fort Worth Museum in Fort Worth, Texas, they have a big model out in front. It's pretty neat. It's rarer than a T-Rex, actually. These are only, no, I think only three specimens of these have ever been found.

And two, I think two of them have been in Oklahoma. One was actually here in Glen Rose in the late 80s. We've got part of the remains that are still in field jackets, but only, I think, two complete skeletons have ever been found.

So they're rarer than a T-Rex, actually. And they're quite interesting creatures here. The other big theropod that I was telling you about was this creature. Now, this has been renamed here. Initially, they named it Ploxysaurus jonesi, Ploxysaurus being from the river Ploxy here locally.

But they've renamed it Cereposidon batellus is the new name for this. And I'm not really sure why they renamed it, but that's the new technical name for it. But it's the big long neck dinosaur. Now, you may be familiar with the Glen Rose history and the Ploxy River dinosaur controversy.

This is basically a book that came out many years ago by Dr. Clifford Wilson about the dinosaurs and human fossil footprints here found in Glen Rose. We're not going to talk about that tonight, but there is a lot of history here on the banks of the Ploxy River.

It's been the, I think, one of the front lines of the battle of creation and evolution, certainly with these dinosaur tracks. This is Joe Taylor and I, I think back in 1999, and we were excavating the bottom of the river here.

This is a 60 foot long mold of the Taylor Trail that we had molded in that year. And so that's a look at Joe and I. As some of you know, Joe Taylor passed away this past spring or past spring in 2023.

And he was the director of the Mount Blanco Fossil Museum. So that's Joe and I there. And of course, Joe and I here in Montana as we're excavating a dinosaur triceratops called Big John. And so that's I think that's back in 2006 there at the site.

So I've been involved in this type of research for many years. This is me on the river actually taking some field notes that we're going to look at tonight. Back in 2000, we had a severe drought here locally.

It was, I think, 84 consecutive days without rain here in 2000. And I can't remember how many days we broke over triple digits on the temperature scale, on the heat index as well. We were matching temperatures, I think from Tucson, Arizona that year, like around 115 or so.

And that was just a brutal summer. But because the river has got a limestone bottom, all the water basically evaporated out of the river. And so we had seen this particular trail here. Now, you're looking at the middle of the river here, just outside of the state park.

And we knew about this site because it intersects the back of the Taylor Trail. Now, the Taylor Trail, I just mentioned earlier that it basically intersects with this trail. But we didn't know about this trail.

We knew of it from a man back in the 70s who researched this area. His name was Mike Turnage. And so we knew about some of his field notes. He counted some of these tracks, but he was wading in water that was about waist high in the 1970s.

No one had ever seen it exposed like this up until the year 2000. And so I took the initiative to try to catalog every one of these, at least the main trail here that you see. And so this was approaching early October of the year 2000.

And so one of the things I really wanted to do was to map these trails. I knew this was a long trail, but I didn't really know how long it was. This is another close look. Now, this is actually taken on actual film back when I actually had a film camera.

And you can see how deep these tracks are. This is the same trail that we were just looking at. This is a theropod acrocanthosaurus that's walking right up the center of the river. And this particular dinosaur is walking upriver.

And so you can see these tracks here. And it almost looks like a moonscape a little bit, but it's a very, very unique trail. And so I began to do a lot of research on this over the remaining time because we had rain forecasted.

And, you know, I was trying to get this trail mapped so we didn't lose the information. This is an intersecting trail, what is now called the Turnage Trail. And this is an intersecting trail that basically cuts diagonally across.

This trail is basically coming towards you as you look at the photo. This particular trail, we'll see it on the map later, but we'll talk about that in a minute. But there's all kinds of intersecting trails in this area.

This is some of the close-up of the tracks. Now, this is the very end of the photo you just saw. This is the very last two tracks. And you can see the claw marks still on both of these tracks. The claw recordings are just beautiful on this.

And we're going to see here in a minute why this is important. But absolutely, these tracks are world-renowned. They're one-of-a-kind. And they just started to emerge very clearly in that drought of 2000.

So these are from that timeframe. Here you can see some of the tracks are not depressed like the ones that we just saw. It means that they were sunk down in the mud. These are actually raised. I can show you the highlight here of those tracks.

They're in a raised position. And you might ask, how are they raised? How come they're not sunk down in the mud? Well, they appear raised because the surrounding matrix around the tracks actually have eroded away.

It's softer material for some reason. The tracks were probably compressed harder with mud. And so over some time, that area eroded around the tracks, and it appeared to make it raised. So that's what you're seeing there.

This is the National Geographic shot. This didn't make National Geographic, but this is the National Geographic shot that we got when we cleaned this trail right towards the end. And you can see we had a guy down there with a red arrow.

That is at 136 tracks. Now, this is back in the year 2000. 136 tracks from the very first track you see in the foreground, which is interesting how we got this photo, because we just took a single rung ladder and we tied ropes to it.

And we had people on both sides holding this ladder while someone climbed up to the top and got this shot. This is before drones and the things that we have now. So we were trying to get the best aerial view that we could.

And you can see we took the guy back further at the end of the trackway before it went around the corner. This still goes around the corner, but you can see at the end of that corner right there where this guy is standing, that how far, it just gives you a perspective on how far back this thing goes.

And so this is right up the river. And if you see in the foreground, right near the bottom, you can see these empirical water ripple marks. These are fossilized ripple marks that are embedded into the limestone.

And this is actually, this is basically a water that has rippled over the surface of the limestone before it set into Ezra rock. It was all clay. Well, it wasn't clay. It was all limestone mud. And so as this petrified and hardened in position, this actually recorded these little ripple marks in the limestone.

So it's called empirical water markings. And this is a very clear indication of a sedimentary rock. In this case, this is limestone that was laid down underwater. Now, we're looking at these tracks because these tracks gives us indications of these different creatures.

Now, not all these creatures are in Glen Rose here. They're theropods, aceropods. But this is an example of behavior of these animals as they walk in the substrates, how they left their footprints. And those footprints can, it gives us this information, right?

And so you can see how these footprints are left behind. And we can study these trace fossil footprints. It's a branch of science called agnology. It's from the Greek agnos. It means trace or trace fossil footprints.

And so they're an important indicator of understanding the sedimentary rock and the phases of accumulation, the deposits formed into rock lithification, overburden forces. They're known as geostatic. And so we have a lot of information that we can get just from looking at geology, the study of the rocks, and this branch of science called agnology, which is the study of trace fossil footprints.

We have similar megatrack sites in Colorado and New Mexico that's very similar to the megazone carbonate deposits here in Glen Rose. Now, there's one deposit or one trackway in Colorado that's actually longer, but it doesn't qualify as the longest contiguous because it's broken up into three different sections.

So it's not contiguous. It's not continuous. It's contiguous. So the contiguous part of it is what gives it, it's basically the record for being the longest trackway that's unbroken. So now this particular trail in Glen Rose has an erosion after about 136 tracks.

We lose it for some period of distance and then we pick up the trail again. And so overall, it's about 500 feet long. But the contiguous part of it is the one that counts. Overall, it is the longest down-the-store trackway, even beating the record for the one in Colorado.

So this is a record of these animals that are theropod, they're bipedal, which means they walk on two feet. With the exception of the sauropods, they're quadrupedal. This means, sauropod means reptile foot.

And so, and then we have a third different type of dinosaur that's called ornithopod. Now, you're not going to see the pictures in here. They have a, they are a theropod track, but they're just a little bit different.

They have a little bit more of a rounded heel, whereas Acrocanthosaurus has more kind of a pointed heel towards the back. So these are the three main sets of dinosaurs that we have. Now in 2011, we had another drought, which exposed the river again, which makes it great for track research.

Just go down there and walk the river for miles, and you're walking in stuff like this. It's just the bottom of the river. And so it makes it great for this type of research. Last year, 2021, or sorry, 20, it'd be 2022 and 2023, we had, you know, some pretty severe hot summers here.

I think we broke another record in 2022, but the river dried up again. And so we got down there. Now, this is my son, Tannin. We got down and started doing some more of this research and basically got back to the particular trail of the turnage trail that I'm talking about.

So we can study it more. So you can see how dry this gets. It's terrible for everything else, but it's great for this type of research. This is actually at one of the sites in the state park. You can see these dinosaur tracks.

This is really some well-preserved tracks here on this particular site. You can see the claw markings. You can see how deep they are. But right in the center of this picture is some kind of a, some kind of a drag mark.

Now, it's not a dinosaur tail drag mark. It's probably a branch or something, but you can see it kind of drag right across here. It left a trench. That's right into the rock. It's very interesting. Here along the limestone layers here, you can see these trails and how they proceed.

Now, these tracks were, I think in the summer of 2022, these tracks went viral again, mainly because some of the newer employees at the state park wasn't aware that this particular trackway was here on the side of the river.

Now, back in 2011, I don't think the state park owned this much on the bank side to the right of this photo. They didn't really own any of that property. It wasn't state park property. It was private property.

And so this property was then donated to the state park. And so they acquired more property, which extended upriver. And so back in last year and the year before the summer, they saw these tracks. And so to them, it was new.

So they announced it. It went viral. It made international news. And I was getting calls like crazy. But it's fabulous because we had hundreds of people coming into Glen Rose. They had shut down the park.

You couldn't get into the park. It was it was awesome. But I'll tell you a little bit more about that. I'm going to show you just a little video here. Yeah. So you can see the people in that shot. And that was that wasn't even that.

There was a there was I think that one Sunday went down there. There was probably 500 people down there. I got to talk to a lot of people and it was great. But you can see a lot of these photos here. Of these tracks.

This is my boot next to one has a little bit of water, but you can. Yeah, we kind of put some water back in it and just kind of cleaned it up. You can see the coloration just pop out of the rock and really contrast it with the tracks here.

It's quite interesting. Here's a different one. It's all in the same layer. But you can see how different they are in a lot of cases. How deep they are. This is Acrocanthosaurus here as it's walking. OK, here is these big serapod tracks.

You can see the foreground here and then it's going into the bank. You can see a right, left and a right and another left at the very end of the photo. This is actually a baby serapod. This is one of the most unique footprint sites that that I think have we've ever discovered because of this drought.

We knew about the large adults. This is the first time we've seen an actual juvenile serapod tracks in the same layer. It's remarkable. These these dinosaur tracks. There's another one right there. And they're quite fascinating.

This is my son when he was probably about four. But he's sitting in one of these big serapod tracks and in some water. So you can just kind of see how, you know, a kid could get in there and play kind of in the puddle.

But these are these are really large tracks. I think this particular track can hold 15 gallons or 20 gallons of water easy. This was this past summer. These are tracks. I call this a trample site because they're just going every which way.

And they're really interesting. This is one of the tracks going up river. And this is some water that had just got stale and set in these tracks and algae kind of formed in there and created this kind of green moss.

But it really kind of made a cool contrast with this, you know, in the track. So I got a picture of it here. This is a baby serapod track. This is about the size of your hand. And so it really changes the information that we know of about.

Did the did the young juveniles follow the adults around? The answer is yes. And some of the textbooks early on said, no, that didn't happen. They just, you know, they kind of went their own way after birth.

This indicates that they did not. They actually followed at least the adults for some time. This is an interesting one. You think when you look at this particular track, you think it's a six-toed track.

You know, some kind of big, weird dinosaur creature that's got six toes. This is actually two tracks together, one to the left and then one to the right. And so they step very close together. It looks like one track, but it's actually two.

That's pretty cool. So this is part of some of the things that we get to see what's going on down there. So a lot of it is just getting in there, cleaning these tracks out and getting all the debris off so we can actually see what's there and how they how they look.

This is one of the deeper ones. You can see how it kind of slid down into the mud on the hill. Some really, really fascinating tracks here on the plexi. You see in the foreground here, those fossilized ripple marks.

There's me next to one of the tracks. This is an infilling where the mud kind of collapsed in on the toes. You can kind of see there. And that's why they're not as prominent. We're going to go through some of these pictures here so you can just get a scale of what what's going on down there.

Here's two tracks that are kind of facing each other, filled with some water. And it's back up. This is an aerial shot beginning at the very front of the trail. So as I recorded on the video earlier, I was to the left, just to the left of the tent towards the back.

That's where it starts. And then as we advance, we're going to be we'll be looking at the middle section here. You can see the tent more over to the left side of the screen. The intersecting trailway right in the middle is the one we looked at earlier.

And then this is the very end of the trail as that man was standing at the back around the corner. You can see in the right hand side is that trail turns and goes actually into the bank. So it goes out of a bank up the river and into another bank.

So we don't even know how long it is. It's it's incredible. This is this is one of the tracks that I'm looking at in the middle of the river here. And this is another baby theropod track about the size of your hand here.

Here's one actually two that are raised there side by side, but they're kind of popped out and raised. I was talking about that earlier. These are some really nice examples of those dinosaur tracks. This is kind of a scale of the of the tracks down as you're standing on the river.

Now, we talked about agnology and what that means. It's a study of trace fossil footprints and we can get we can learn some information about this. It can give us an indication on behavior, how big these animals were.

And so one of the things that you can do is measure the length of the footprint. And that gives us some information about how tall they were. The other thing we can do is we can measure stride and we can measure pace angulation.

And so you can see some examples of a stride would be in this case, a left right left. And then you take the distance between those three tracks that is the stride. And then the pace angulation is the degree of of angle in between that stride.

And there's a lot of math in there to calculate that formula. And I'll show you some of the math that I did on this. So you can see a little bit closer here, the stride length. SL is for stride length.

TL is for track length. And so this is some of the science that we do. One of the things that we can do is we can measure the footprint length to see how possibly how tall this dinosaur was. So in this particular case, a conservative estimate is you take the length of the footprint, multiply it times four.

And then that that can give you the footprint length. So the other thing you do is you take the the animal length. So you multiply that times 10 for the footprint length. Multiply it times 10 to get how long the animal was.

So these are just estimates. So here's some examples of some of the tracks here that that's been recorded in other sites and how they how they would look. And so we have a big sauropod on the left. We have some theropods over on the right.

But this gives us an indication of how long they were and how tall they were. So we we get the we get the footprint length. You multiply it times four. That gives us an estimated height at the hip. So that only gives you the height of the hip.

So then you got to multiply that times two to get up to the head. You divide it by 12 to get it into feet. And that gives you an estimated height. So this is some of the math that I did on the turnage on that long dinosaur trail that made the big news a couple of years, summers ago and last summer.

So this is this is some of the math involved here. So what you're seeing here is the stride length and the pace angulation that are calculated out. And then at the very bottom is a speed calculation that that you that you do to plug in all the numbers.

So you plug in all these numbers. And so this particular trail was calculated at three point four miles per hour, which is pretty much a meandering gate. It's just a simple walking gate. But there's a I forgot how lengthy that math was.

It took me a little bit to get back and figure it out. This is my original notes from October 2000 of of what the notes look like when you're recording these tracks. So this is all gridded to scale. Everyone had a length, a depth, orientation.

All the information got recorded, pace angulation, stride, etc. So this all got recorded back in the year 2000. These are some of the original notes here that you see. So all the all the work went into.

Into this and this gets a little boring. So I'll just kind of skip ahead here. But data. Recording the data is what you what you want, either through the through the math. This is for the Jenkins Trail here, which gives us a different pace angulation of about one hundred sixty four degrees.

It's one hundred eighty degrees would be a straight line if you put one foot in front of the other. This is at about one hundred sixty four degrees. So pretty interesting. Also, the speed calculation at the bottom here.