Nate Loper speaks on the Grand Canyon: A Flood of Evidence

turn on the recording. And I need to get the live stream going here.

Oh, did you want to sing Nate? That's awesome. Oh, are you hearing me hum there? Oh, it says it's not able to access my account.

Oh, no. Okay, here it goes.

You know, I should have left the recording off until I did this.

But we'll get this going very shortly. So go ahead and sing. Hey, we're okay with that.

Okay, here we go going live. And three, two.

Good evening, and thank you for joining us. Creation Fellowship Santee has been meeting for 10 years in person and presently online for two years.

We're a group of people who come together to learn more about the six day creation account that happened some 6000 years ago.

We also welcome any other topic that is closely aligned with the Bible, or shows the Bible to be the accurate and reliable book that it is.

You can find Creation Fellowship Santee on the internet, at our social media outlets, or by using the link, tinyurl .com

forward slash CF Santee, that will come up on the slides that are being played right now.

If you'd like to hear more about Creation Fellowship Santee, or have questions for us, you can email us at creationfellowshipsantee at gmail .com.

And you can always forward these invites are we're not we're not even a nonprofit, we are a no profit.

Our mission is to get the word of the saving grace of Jesus to the world.

And if it takes somebody knowing about creation, then that's what we're doing.

Tonight we have Nate Loper. Nate is an awesome guy. Nate is the executive director at Canyon Ministries.

Prior to joining Canyon Ministries, he served in a pastoral ministry for a number of years, and has traveled to has traveled the nation teaching in churches, schools and Christian universities for over 20 years.

He's also led creation tours through dozens of national and national parks and natural history museums, both here in the

US and in the United Kingdom. So let me stop my presentation.

And there you go, Nate, it's all yours. All right. Well, thank you, Robin. It's definitely a privilege to be here with you guys tonight.

excited about this. So let me try to get my screen going up here.

And let's see. Make sure to share that window. Can you guys all see that now?

Yes, and it looks beautiful. Fantastic. So yes, thank you for that great introduction. So yes, my name is

Nate Loper. And I get the amazing privilege of having the best job in the world, I think.

And that is being at the Grand Canyon National Park daily. And so, you know, our ministry is

Canyon Ministries. And so we, for the past 25 years have been doing daily to our new tours of the canyon should say starting off with river trips, and now doing daily rim tours and hiking trips and backpacking trips in down and across the

Grand Canyon. And so you know, a number of different opportunities that we provide. Currently, we are serving about 3000 people a year at the

Grand Canyon National Park. And so it's exciting to see the growth of the ministry. It's exciting to see what

God has done over all these years and what he's continuing to do. And again, we have a fantastic location to be able to showcase the creation of God.

No other place on this planet is really quite like the Grand Canyon. And so tonight,

I'm going to share a little bit about that with you guys. And normally, you know, our shortest tour that we do at the

Grand Canyon, it's actually a four hour tour. So we definitely can't cram four hours of talking and teaching and a creation apologetics into about 45 minutes.

So I'm really just going to kind of dive into just kind of one area that I really tend to like a lot.

And one key focus that I'm gonna share with you guys tonight. And so you know, one of the questions that sometimes people ask us is why the

Grand Canyon? Why are we there? Why has God called us to that location? And really,

I think that President Teddy Roosevelt said it best. And so what he said is, in the

Grand Canyon, Arizona has a natural wonder, which is in kind, absolutely unparalleled throughout the rest of the world.

And so basically, what he's saying, I think here is, there is no place like the Grand Canyon. And for those of you who have been to the

Grand Canyon, I think you would absolutely agree. There is no place on the planet quite like the

Grand Canyon. In my opinion, there is no better place on the planet to see and to study and to understand what we call flood geology.

And so that's really kind of, you know, geology from a biblical perspective, with the belief that there really truly was a global flood, just as the

Genesis, just as Genesis describes in Genesis, six, seven and eight in the Bible. And so we serve daily, different tours, we offer tours every single day, except for Sundays up there a year round, every single month of the year, we're out there proclaiming the gospel as a voice in the wilderness, if you will, a literal wilderness.

So it's exciting. And so I'm going to dive in here real quick. And I know I do talk kind of quickly. So I'll try to remind myself to kind of slow down.

But that's the great thing about a video is we can always, you know, go back and rewatch it. But for those of you who haven't seen the

Grand Canyon, let me show you a little bit of what it looks like. And we'll kind of dive into a little rock talk with a little bit of flood geology here.

Anyhow, you can see the Grand Canyon 277 miles long. Starting up there just a little ways below Lake Powell, we have

Lake Powell made by the Glen Canyon Dam back in 1963. And then you go all the way down to the bottom left there to Lake Mead made by the

Hoover Dam back in 1935. And between these two big manmade lakes of Lake Powell and Lake Mead, we have the entirety of the

Grand Canyon here in the state of Arizona. Again, it is 277 miles long, it is 10 to 18 miles wide, and it is over a mile deep in some places.

In fact, some locations, it gets over 6000 feet deep. And 6093 feet actually is kind of the maximum depth that they've had in the

Grand Canyon. So when we look at this place, really, there is no place quite like this on the planet.

It is a location that draws currently five to six million visitors every single year.

And of course, you know, when they come to see the Grand Canyon, what they're really truly coming to look at is a bunch of rocks, right?

So let's dive in real quick and give a little overview talk, a little rock talk, if you will, about the

Grand Canyon. And here you can see a diagram here. And you can see that the Grand Canyon is made up mostly of these horizontal flatline sedimentary rocks.

So sedimentary rocks, rocks typically laid down by water, you can think of them like glued together sand grains.

And so sedimentary rocks are rocks like sandstone and limestone and shale. So we've got 1000s of feet of these horizontal sedimentary water laid rocks here at the

Grand Canyon. And then below this flatline layer called the Tapeats sandstone, we have some tilted angled rocks, mostly sediments, we also have the

Cardenas basalt, kind of a lava flow layer. But mostly we have here sedimentary rocks that are tilted at an angle.

And we call those the Grand Canyon super group. And so there's a package of rocks that are tilted like that.

And then we get down to the very bottom of the Grand Canyon into the crystalline basement rock, we call it made up mostly of metamorphic rocks and igneous rocks like granites, a lot of pink feldspar granite and things like that, metamorphic rocks.

So these are kind of the crystalline basement rocks, similar to what you will find all around the world.

And you know, if you drill down deep enough, pretty much that's what you're going to start to encounter until you get down to the melting of the mantle of the earth.

You know, you've got igneous rocks, metamorphic rocks, you've got these crystalline basement rocks that kind of make up the basement of the

Grand Canyon, and likewise the basement of the planet. So that kind of gives you a little bit of a layout of the

Grand Canyon, thousands of feet of sedimentary rocks, we even have volcanoes that have erupted up on the rim.

In some cases, some of those lava flows have actually spilled down into the Grand Canyon. Some of these volcanoes were actually witnessed by Native Americans living here.

We know that because lava has actually encased some of their villages and things like that. So we have evidence that some of these lava flows here and other ones just north of Flagstaff where we live, were actually witnessed by Native American Indians that were living here.

Pretty cool, pretty exciting stuff. So that is kind of a quick overview of the geology of Grand Canyon, if you will.

And I'll be referencing this picture a few times throughout tonight, because we're going to really cover really mainly one area of the

Grand Canyon, one area that I'm going to focus on. And really, it's one of my favorite layers. It's certainly one of the the most significant layers, in my opinion.

And that is the Tapeats Sandstone. That is the rock layer that you see a little ways below, halfway down.

That is the first horizontal sedimentary rock layer that we can typically see from the rim there.

And so this Tapeats Sandstone has some very interesting features and characteristics to it.

So we're gonna talk about that. So again, with a four hour tour being our shortest tour, anywhere from a four hour tour to a nine day river trip, we really try to cram a lot into what we're talking and teaching at the

Grand Canyon. So tonight, we're not going to be able to cover everything, but we will cover kind of what

I call flood geology, and really just going to focus on one specific area. And by that,

I hope to present kind of three rock solid evidences for a global flood as seen at the Grand Canyon.

And again, this is all going to have to do with this one single rock layer, this Tapeats Sandstone, that to me, again, one of the most significant features we have at the

Grand Canyon. And so let's dive right in. So look at the

Grand Canyon layer again, all these sedimentary layers, this Tapeats Sandstone is very interesting, as you can see, because it's the first horizontal sedimentary rock layer that we can see right here.

And typically we can see from the rim. And just below that we have either tilted, angled

Grand Canyon supergroup, or other places you might find the Tapeats sitting directly directly on top of the crystalline basement rock.

Now what we also notice is there is a major erosional boundary right here, a massive amount of erosion, which is actually a puzzle to a lot of geologists.

And the reason for that is this huge amount of erosion is basically some kind of big feature that we don't typically see happening in the world today.

And this huge amount of erosion typically is difficult for most geologists to really explain how it happened.

And we'll talk about tonight why that is. But one thing you can see these tilted angled rock layers that you would see down below, they should continue rising on up toward the sky.

But something has happened to cut them off to shear them off straight across, and then stack up about 4000 feet of water laid sedimentary rocks on top of there.

So what in the world has happened here? This is a major erosional boundary, a major mystery again to most geologists.

And they call this major mystery the Great Unconformity. Now, don't worry, guys, that's one of the biggest words

I'm going to teach you tonight. But the Great Unconformity, what in the world does that mean?

Well, an unconformity typically represents sections of sedimentary rock deposits, where we see a difference in the way that they were deposited, difference in sequence.

And oftentimes that represents a difference of missing time, most geologists would say. So here in this picture that I took from a side canyon in the

Grand Canyon called Blacktail Canyon, we can actually see some of the crystalline basement rocks that are actually shooting up at a different angle.

And then right here at this line, right in the middle of that picture, we get to see that Great Unconformity.

It's a massive erosional boundary, and then things get stacked up horizontally directly on top of that.

So there's Great Unconformity again, found down near the bottom here in this picture. But standing on the rim, this is kind of what it looks like.

So here's a picture I took probably about seven years ago, it looks like, from one of my favorite overlooks called

Lippin Point. And you can see right here about halfway down this sandstone cliff, that is the

Tapeats Sandstone. Underneath that, looking at the river, you can kind of see by the river, it's tilted, slanted sediments and rocks.

And you work your way up from those angled rocks until you hit that flat lying Tapeats Sandstone rock layer.

And then you can kind of actually map it out and trace it all the way across here. So that Great Unconformity to me is one of the greatest mysteries of the

Grand Canyon that I think are actually very nicely solved by a global flood. Again, looking at that Great Unconformity, we look at this and we see that there's a huge amount of erosion that has taken place here.

Now geologists looking at this Unconformity, they say it's called an Unconformity because the rocks do not conform, they don't match up.

So we have some places, angular Unconformities, where there's a difference in angle. And oftentimes, of course, they always equate it to a difference in time period.

So they would often say that, for example, in this picture, where you see the basement crystalline rock down here, they would say that this rock was formed.

And then on top of that, this whole other layer, the Tapeats Sandstone that goes all the way up through here, this

Tapeats Sandstone was deposited. But they say, typically, this contact point, this line represents a tremendous amount of missing time from the rock record.

A huge amount of Earth geological past has gone missing at that halfway point.

Now here at Blacktail Canyon, between the crystalline basement rock and the Tapeats Sandstone, they would say that right here where that line is that we are missing 1 .2

billion years of Earth geological past. Now I didn't say million, but billion.

1 .2 billion years have gone missing from the rock record. I mean, that's like a quarter of the

Earth's history that they would say typically. Now looking at this, they would say a huge amount of missing time because we see such huge erosion.

Well, either you would say maybe you could get enough erosion given enough time of millions to billions of years of present day processes.

That's where that idea comes from. That comes from the concept or the idea of uniformitarianism.

Basically saying everything we see happening today is the same as it always has been in the past. Slow, gradual, uniform change given enough time could add up to big features.

For example, if you only see one inch of erosion in a year, and then you look at a big massive Grand Canyon, well, how many inches do you need to add up and how many years does that equate to?

Of course, that's looking at today's present processes. That idea really of uniformitarianism was popularized by a lawyer turned geologist named

Charles Lyell. Back around 1853, Charles Lyell wrote a series of three books called

The Principles of Geology. Principles of Geology basically came up with this idea that the present is the key to the past.

If you want to understand what happened to Earth's ancient past, well, just look at today's present rates of slow, gradual erosions and deposits and add things up.

Charles Lyell, I think it was 1832 actually when he wrote those, but anyhow, kind of the father of modern day geology.

Charles Lyell would say things like the present is the key to the past. Someone who believes in God's word, the

Bible to be true, I would say the exact opposite is the case. It's not the present world we live in today that's the key to the past.

Rather, I believe it's the past and those events of the past that are the key to the present world we have today.

If you want to understand why we have the world we have today, you need to understand what has happened in the past to get us here.

Since you and I were not here since the very beginning, we have to rely upon another source of authority, another eyewitness, if you will.

Fortunately, we are given God's word, the Bible, as a key to some of the events that have happened in the past.

One of those major events that the Bible describes, of course, is this global flood in Noah's day.

When you understand what the flood is really truly all about, it is a major huge catastrophe of worldwide, not only burial by water and drowning, but worldwide erosion, worldwide depositing of sediment material.

When you understand what scripture talks about, this is a global flood, first of all, that has tremendous amounts of water starting with the fountains of the deep.

We're talking about huge geysers coming up from the depths of the ocean, the ocean basins, as the word take home in the

Hebrew refers to. We're talking about the windows of heaven being open, tremendous downpour, a lot more water than what most people tend to think, you know, and come, you know, the rains came down and the floods came up.

We're not, we're not talking about a little Sunday school, Sunday school story. No, we're talking about a major huge catastrophic event.

And so when we take people to places around the Grand Canyon, like here in Blacktail Canyon, we showcase them the exact features that the

Bible really talks about, a worldwide global flood, and not only just a lot of water, but a lot of time.

You know, a lot of people thinking about the flood, when you ask most people, how long was that flood, the most common answer you get is, well, wasn't it 40 days and 40 nights, but that's not what the

Bible actually teaches. You can see Genesis seven, verse 11 tells us the beginning of the flood. And then

Genesis chapter eight, when they get off the ark, you can actually look at those times. This is a year long global flood.

We've got a year long global flood of huge catastrophic amounts of water. And just like any flooding event we see today, it's not just water, but we would have tsunami like waves slamming into the continents.

The continents themselves at this point, we believe were broken apart, and they moved rapidly and violently in some cases colliding together, buckling and forcing up huge major mountain ranges so that mountains rose, valleys sunk and were ripped open.

I mean, tremendous tectonic geological change happening to our planet.

And scripture actually gives us an indication of that as well. Psalm 104 talks about the flood.

Psalm 104, verse eight tells us that mountains rose and valleys sank to the levels that God decreed. So we're not just talking about a mere water event.

No, we are talking about a huge major catastrophic tectonic event. We would have volcanoes and earthquakes going off around the planet, a complete resurfacing of the world as we know it.

And in fact, that's what scripture tells us. The world then was destroyed by the flood.

It doesn't simply say the world was saturated or soaking wet. No, scripture clearly tells us the world then was destroyed by the flood.

So when we take people to places like Blacktail Canyon, like you see here, this is actually Dr. Andrew Snelling from Answers in Genesis.

They are one of our biggest ministry partners. So we do multiple trips every year with Answers in Genesis.

We've done trips with other groups like Focus on the Family. We've done trips with the Institute for Creation Research, all kinds of people.

But a lot of trips we like bringing, you know, guys like Dr. Andrew Snelling, a PhD geologist, or guys like Dr.

John Whitmore, who leads the geology department at Cedarville University, bringing people that can come down and know these rocks intimately, and can showcase, hey, what does science have to say?

And what does scripture have to say? And we put the two together. And in a place like Blacktail Canyon, if you haven't figured it out yet, here is the

Great Unconformity right in the middle there. And I'm hoping you guys can see the mouse I'm using to kind of point at. If not, it's the line you kind of see going right across that stark line next to Andrew.

And below that crystalline basement rocks, we have quartzite, and schist, and granites and things like that.

And then right above that, the beginning of the Tapeats Sandstone. But it's a major huge erosional boundary that we see here.

Now we take people into places like Blacktail Canyon on our seven and our nine day river trips to the

Grand Canyon. And what we have here is people that can come up here and put one hand on the bottom rock, which we believe was formed during creation week.

So rock that was exposed or brought to the surface on day three of creation, most likely. So one hand on creation, and then right above there, one hand on destruction.

It's a very powerful place. Creation and destruction, side by side, if you will.

So when we examine this, what are we looking at? Are we looking at millions to billions of years of slow gradual erosion?

Or are we looking at a lot of erosion from a really big feature that you know, a really big event that would have happened, like the

Bible ascribes with a global flood? Well, to examine that to understand that you guys, all we really need to do is go and take a look at the rocks, see what they have to say.

And you might even say the rocks cry out. And they speak as a testimony of what has happened here and really a testimony of God's word being true from the very beginning.

Up close, when you take a look at these rocks, what we find here at that great unconformity boundary line, not only do we see a lot of erosion, but we see tons and tons of broken gravels and rounded rocks embedded within that section where the tepid sandstone joins the crystalline basement rock.

In other words, right at that boundary line, we happen to see a huge, you know, liquid sandpaper, if you will, of rocks and all sorts of things.

And many of these rocks, interestingly, are nicely rounded and smooth. Here's another place that we see the the great unconformity.

And this is a place that I take people up to on our four day river trips, kind of the lower end of the Grand Canyon. And we see here below here, this kind of the basement rocks down here.

This is where the beginning of that great unconformity is, this is the bottom of the tepid sandstone kind of mixed in with some of the rocks that had eroded and plucked up.

And so we see all kinds of great rocks, we see quartzite and all kinds of really strong hard rocks.

But here's the interesting thing, at that contact point at that boundary, we find numerous rounded rocks and stones.

Now here's an example, nicely rounded rock here in the middle. Somebody actually a couple years ago, it looks like they tried to pull this rock out or something because they got a piece of section chipped out of it wasn't too happy when

I saw that the next time. But anyhow, this is a pretty strong rock to begin with, but it's nice and rounded. Now I know you guys watching this are a pretty clever bunch.

So where do we typically find round and smooth stones today? Well, we typically find them in rivers and in streams, right?

Where did David go to find the smooth stones he was looking for to slay Goliath? Well, the Bible tells us he went down to the brook or the stream.

And why was that? Well, David was no geologist, but he was smart enough to know fast moving water tumbles these rocks, knocking off the sharp edges, rounding them smooth.

So we typically find round and smooth stones where we find fast moving water. So when we examine this to Pete sandstone, and we find numerous rounded rocks and stones embedded within it right at that contact point.

What does that tell us scientifically, geologically, observationally, about the way that to Pete sandstone was deposited?

Well, it tells us not only was it deposited by moving water, but it was deposited by fast moving water.

Pretty interesting direct physical evidence of fast moving water to deposit this to Pete's sandstone. Now here's the real kicker, the real interesting thing, not only do we find round smooth stones and pebbles embedded within this to Pete sandstone, but we find boulders plucked up and embedded within it.

Some of those boulders are actually, you know, nearly 20 feet in diameter and bigger than that in some places, we see huge massive rounded rocks embedded within there.

And interesting that we can see all these rounded rocks. And here's the other interesting thing regarding this great unconformity.

Not only do creation geologists believe that it was deposited by fast moving water. But interestingly enough, secular geologists do too.

It is in the literature that they believe this to Pete sandstone was deposited by fast moving water, because the evidence is undeniable.

And here's what they often would say, they would say things like we don't know what happened during that 1 .2 billion years of missing time, but there must have been a tremendous water event.

And that's because when you examine the rocks, the physical evidence is undeniable. So geologists around the world all agree this great unconformity and the to Pete sandstone to Pete sandstone was deposited by fast moving water.

So here's an interesting thing. If we can determine that that to Pete sandstone was deposited by fast moving water.

Let's continue to examine and see what else it might tell us. So we look at this to Pete sandstone, not only do we see one of the largest geological mysteries of the

Grand Canyon. And in fact, I say that because when you watch shows on National Geographic on the science channel,

Discovery Channel, any kind of good documentary, inevitably, they're going to talk about the great unconformity and what a major mystery it is.

There's constantly new scientific journals and research papers, they're trying to explain this great unconformity.

And not only because it's a huge erosional event, we'll talk a little bit why in a minute about why it's such a big major mystery.

But before we do, I want to showcase another major mystery that we find here at that exact same place, the exact same contact point between where the to Pete sandstone sits on top of all the other rocks.

And that is another major mystery, not necessarily of geology, but of evolutionary biology.

Another major mystery known as the Cambrian explosion, or the Cambrian explosion of life.

And I know many of you guys have heard about the Cambrian explosion of life. You may have heard of like Cambrian and pre

Cambrian rocks. And so what that means is, around the world, at basically pretty much the same level, same area, and oftentimes with the same sort of sandstone right there around the world, we find a major mystery, a major explosion within the fossil record, if you will.

And they call it the Cambrian explosion of life, because it's as if life suddenly had a magic leap forward and exploded into existence.

And so we look at this Cambrian explosion. And geologists are puzzled by this, or I should say evolutionary biologists are puzzled by this, because it goes opposite of their predicted model of evolution, which basically would say at the bottom most layers, we should find single cell organisms gradually eventually working their way up through the fossil record, becoming more and more complex over time, we should see a nice steady transition of complexity.

But that's not what we find. What we find down below the Tepete sandstone is basically nothing.

And then we, we basically for nothing, nothing, nothing, nothing, then boom, an explosion within the fossil record that represents nearly every major phyla of life known to man.

Now below that we don't find the fossil record of death and burial. Pretty much the only thing we find down there are what we'd expect to find in typical calm and placid seas, things like stromatolites.

And so stromatolites is a type of fossil, it's kind of a blue, green, cyanobacteria, kind of an algae mat that kind of grows on the surface of a rock.

And this colony of algae live on top of the rock, and then some sand or some kind of mud gets washed over the rock, kind of buries that colony.

And then the colony kind of grows and propagates up through that sediment until it starts growing on top of there. And then more sand comes in.

So it basically makes this kind of pattern is kind of layer cake pattern, if you will, of sand and algae and sand and algae.

And so those are called stromatolites. Now those are not necessarily the product or the result of death and burial or rapid fossilization, like we see with the rest of the sediments.

Those are formed in calm, placid seas at shoreline or near shoreline environments. In fact, we have stromatolites forming today.

But you know, we don't have forming today by and large, or a whole bunch of fossils, which is kind of a major mystery to a lot of geologists, to a lot of evolutionary biologists.

And the reason for that is, is that when you look around the world, we would expect to find slow, gradual fossils all throughout the world.

And we would expect to find if the oceans produce the fossils. And if that were the case, you know, like you might read in a park sign or somewhere else that would say, you know, the oceans moved across the continents, the ocean set on top of the continents for millions of years, sea life lived there, they spilled to the ocean floor, slowly buried particle by particle, sand grain by sand grain, slowly covered up, slowly buried, slowly becoming fossils.

Well, if that's how fossils were formed, if fossils were formed in the oceans, then we should probably find fossils in today's oceans.

Now few people realize this, we don't typically find fossils in today's oceans. We don't find things even fossilizing or turning into fossils typically in today's oceans.

Where are all of our fossils found? Well, not in the oceans, they're found up on the continent on the land.

And why is that? Well, that's not how fossils are formed. They're not formed in the oceans. For something to become a fossil, it's not a slow process, things that die in the oceans today.

You know what happens when something dies in the ocean, it floats, it bloats, it gets picked apart by scavengers, it gets eaten and consumed.

Even entire whale carcasses that may sink down to the bottom of the ocean floor. Well, down there are tremendous scavengers, there are crabs and other crustaceans and hagfish and eels that consume entire animals, even bones of whales have specialized feeders that consume them quickly.

We have clams that work the way up and down the seafloor mud, looking through that column of mud for any tiny piece of microscopic food they can find.

The ocean is a pretty good recycler. So things that die in the oceans today, they don't become fossils, they become food, rapidly eaten and consumed.

Likewise, a coyote that dies up here on the land, it's not going to become a fossil. What happens to it? It decomposes, it decays.

So again, fossilization is about rapid burial. So the things are rapidly buried in a pretty good amount of mud or sediment, so that they're kept out of reach of these scavengers and kept in an oxygen free or anaerobic environment.

So they don't naturally decay and decompose. Now those kind of conditions are not happening in the world today, which is why we don't find fossils forming in today's world.

However, those are the exact kind of conditions that we would expect to find from a global flood of huge amounts of water moving across the landscape.

We have evidence within the rock record, actually, the currents of water were circling the globe over 100 miles an hour.

And not just water, but dirt, debris and sediment, the pre flood world that was being pulverized and buzz sawed down and eroded all that dirt debris material moving across the continents.

Also being dragged by tsunami like waves from triggered from earthquakes, being dragged across the continents from tidal action and flows,

I mean, all kinds of stuff. Only during a flood, do we find the correct conditions for fossils to form.

So we look at this Cambrian explosion of life, if you will. And what we find, again, is not truly an explosion of life.

Rather, it's an explosion of death, death in a moment's notice. When we look at the rock record, we can see from that to Pete sandstone going all up fossils, fossils, fossils, fossils, it's a massive watery graveyard of that catastrophe.

Below that no death and burial fossils. Now these tilted angled rocks, we believe are actually part of the pre flood world, part of the world that existed from creation until the flood.

You know, we have roughly 1600 years of time, perhaps from creation until the flood began. We have life that existed on the planet from creation week right at the very beginning.

But what we don't have during that time is a massive amount of death and burial. So we would not expect to find a huge amount of fossils in the pre flood sediments.

For the very same reason we don't find fossils forming today. Again, only until we get to this flood.

Do we have the conditions that create a fossil record, and it creates that fossil record around the world.

This Cambrian explosion, and the Great Unconformity, they go and they coincide at the exact same place, the exact same moment in time, and it is a worldwide physical feature.

Why do they call it the Great Unconformity? Well, not just because it's a big amount of erosion, but they call it the

Great Unconformity also because it is a huge massive worldwide physical feature.

Now, if you have a worldwide physical feature, you must have had a worldwide mechanism to do that.

And when we can look at this Tapeats Sandstone, and we can say, hmm, this Tapeats Sandstone is deposited by fast moving water, that's a worldwide fast moving water event, you might call a flood.

So we'll talk a little bit more about some of these sediment layers. But again, we find right here this

Cambrian explosion of life, again, not an explosion of life, but an explosion of death. So really, what you might say is an explosion of erosion, an explosion of death and burial coinciding at the exact same place, the exact same moment in time, and again, worldwide.

Pretty amazing. So I love that Tapeats Sandstone, we take a look at it, we can see that it not only tells us a lot about erosion in the

Grand Canyon, it also tells us a lot about fossils, it tells us a lot about, you know, what evolution is and what it isn't.

One of my favorite things to do, going over to England is to lead tours through museums like the

Natural History Museum here in London. Now, I am very fortunate to have a very beautiful wife, and she comes from London.

And so we go to back there every couple years, we lead week long London Christian tours through there, through the

British museums, we talk about archaeology, biblical archaeology, we go through the whole place of London talking about church history, and we go through the

Natural History Museum, talking about creation and evolution, kind of comparing and contrasting those two models.

And so at the Natural History Museum, of course, you have this big marble statue of Charles Darwin, you know, the father of modern day evolutionary thought and ideas.

And when you walk into this building, it's actually my opinion, one of the most beautiful buildings, but it's very telling of where they placed them and how they placed them.

You walk into if you've been there to London to the Natural History Museum, you'll see that Charles Darwin is kind of sitting opposite there in this big grand marble throne, if you will, and greeting everybody it's almost like the king sitting upon his throne as you walk into this grand palace of evolution.

And Charles Darwin didn't used to sit there, actually, he was actually moved there in the year of Darwin. So I think there was a was a 2014,

I think is when they moved him, or 2000, no 2009, they moved him to that spot. And they were gonna have him there for only one year, but they eventually just kind of left him there.

And so now he kind of guards over the whole museum. But this is a monument to evolution, if you will, this whole entire museum, this whole entire place.

And in my opinion, we have a much bigger monument, a monument to catastrophe at the

Grand Canyon. And so yeah, I love places like this museum here. And yes, Charles Darwin, you know, talks a lot about evolution, talks a lot about this

Cambrian explosion, even in his writings. But again, the Cambrian explosion, not an explosion of life, rather an explosion of death.

And rather than just seeing a hall built by man of stone, we get a chance to work in a hall built by the

King of Kings and the Lord of Lords, this amazing Grand Canyon, which blows natural history museums around the world out of the water, if you will.

No pun intended. So anyhow, looking back here at the Cambrian explosion, the Great Unconformity, looking back down here, let's zoom back in once again to this

Tapeat sandstone. And let's talk about it one more time. So again, three evidences for a global flood, and I'm only highlighting this one little layer.

Now we could talk about all the rest of this stuff. There's tremendous evidence of all this stuff. But you know, if you want all the rest of the stuff, you got to come on a tour with us or come on a river trip through the

Grand Canyon or come on a backpacking trip. We do all kinds of adventures here. But this

Tapeat sandstone once again, when we examine it, and again, when we can determine that it was deposited by fast moving water, again, that is a fast moving water event to deposit it.

And if we can determine that, you know, fast moving water event, you might call a flood. If that was responsible for depositing the

Tapeat sandstone, the next question we really need to ask is, well, how far reaching, how widespread is that Tapeat sandstone?

Because if we can determine that it was deposited by a flood at the bottom of the

Grand Canyon, then that is a pretty big flood event, because this Tapeat sandstone covers the entirety of the

Grand Canyon. 277 miles that we can trace out this Tapeats sandstone.

And that's a pretty big flood event. Now what kind of flooding events do we see happening today, that are blanketing the landscape by fast moving water across 277 miles?

That's huge. But let's continue talking about the extent of these sedimentary rock layers.

Kind of the third point that I have tonight, what is the extent of the sedimentary rock layers?

Again, when we can examine them, we can say, hmm, if we can determine just how far how widespread this

Tapeat sandstone is, it kind of gives us a picture and understanding of just how big this flood event was.

So again, this Tapeat sandstone blankets the entire Grand Canyon of 277 miles.

Now that's a pretty big flood, right? However, what if I told you, not only can we see this

Tapeat sandstone covering the Grand Canyon, but it blankets the entire state of Arizona.

Now that's a really big flood event. I mean, we don't typically have statewide floods happening today.

Again, sorry, Charles Lyell got it wrong. The present is not the key to the past.

Nothing like that is happening in the present world. But here we can see the Tapeat sandstone actually covers the entire state of Arizona.

That's a pretty big flood. But what if I were to tell you guys that this Tapeat sandstone not only covers all of Arizona, it covers basically the entire

West throughout the Rockies, the four corner states of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, Arizona, sit on top of the same

Tapeat sandstone. That's a really big flood. But wait, there's more.

Because thanks to things like oil drilling and core samples and things like that, we actually have a pretty good understanding of just how far, how widespread, how far reaching this fast moving water event was that deposited the

Tapeat sandstone. Thanks to geological mapping, we can actually see that not only is the Tapeat sandstone found at the bottom of the

Grand Canyon, this very same layer of rock goes across the entire continent.

This yellow shows you the distribution of that Tapeat sandstone across the United States. It actually goes further down into Mexico, it goes up into Canada, actually hooks around.

You can find all the way up in the Greenland, actually. Now, looking at this, this Tapeat sandstone, again, scientifically, geologically, observationally, was deposited by fast moving water.

So thinking about this one, just this one single place, this one single snapshot of time, if you will, this one single event shows us there was a continent wide fast moving water event.

Now, I don't know what the exact definition that Webster gives for a flood. But I believe it has something to do with a lot of fast moving water, right?

So here we can see direct physical evidence of a continent wide fast moving water event. Again, you might just simply say a flood.

Here we can see it across the United States. And in fact, just last week, I got the great opportunity of visiting the great state of Illinois.

And I spoke over there at three other creation science groups out there to the Midwest creation fellowship, also got a chance to lead a biblical archaeology and history tour through through museum there at the

University of Illinois at the Oriental Institute with my friend Ted Wright from epic archaeology and great opportunity there.

And then we also got an opportunity the last night I was there, I got a chance to speak at Wheaton College, to their creation society group that they have, and present basically the same talk that we're hearing tonight.

And they were amazed because they said, Wait, here's our state. Hmm, the same

Grand Canyon layers we have way over here are also underneath our feet tonight in Illinois. And that is absolutely the case.

In fact, last year, I also went to Chicago, but I also got a great chance to drive up to Wisconsin. And some of you guys from the

Midwest might be familiar with places like Baraboo, Wisconsin, or Sauk, Wisconsin, or Devils Lake State Park.

I love Devils Lake. Yeah, fantastic place. So we're out there near Devils Lake State Park last year, and doing some geological work up there because at Devils Lake, you actually have the very same

Great Unconformity. In fact, when you're there, if you're spacing the lake from the main visitor area in the parking areas, if you start walking up the left hand trail, it kind of takes you up the cliff edges.

And about halfway up, you encounter the same Great Unconformity. And I was just amazed when I went out to there,

I saw this Great Unconformity. And I'm looking at, huh, the exact same Topeak sandstone equivalent that I see at the

Grand Canyon. I'm looking at the physical features of it. I'm like, this is Topeak. I know exactly what this

Topeak looks like. I've been through dozens and dozens of river trips to the Grand Canyon, spent nearly 900 tour days in the park with folks nowadays, pretty familiar with this rock layer.

And yet I'm seeing the very same equivalent rock over in Illinois and in Wisconsin there at Devils Lake State Park.

And underneath it, the same purplish quartzite, the Baraboo quartzite that we have there, the same rounded rocks are actually embedded in there.

And I'm looking at massive, you know, a washing machine sized boulders that have been plucked up, rounded and embedded within the beginning of that same

Topeak sandstone equivalent, the beginning of that sock mega sequence. I'm like, what in the world? What are my rocks from Arizona doing way over here?

It's amazing. I love it. And so I got a chance to actually hike up there and explore for the whole afternoon. And just amazing evidence that yeah, the same stuff we see the same fast moving flood laid sedimentary deposits are indeed a continent wide physical feature.

So friends that tells us that there was a continent wide flood. But we're not done there.

Because it gets even bigger than that. Not only can we trace the same Topeak sandstone across North America, this very same layer of rock goes all the way across North Africa.

It goes up into parts of Europe and Asia goes through southern Israel through southern Jordan. And for those of you who may have been to southern

Jordan, there's a great sandstone city called Petra, which was carved out by the Nabataeans over 2000 years ago.

And Petra, we believe is carved into the very same Topeak sandstone equivalent that you see over there.

Anybody goes to Israel, go to southern Israel, go to Timna National Park. Nearby there, you actually have the same great unconformity.

There's geological features called Solomon's pillars and you can see the same they're made up of the same Topeak sandstone equivalent.

And below that you can see the same crystalline basement rock. And so for example, comparing the geology of both those places, here you can see on the left hand side of the picture

I took from Blacktail Canyon, the Topeak sandstone above, the guy standing there with his arms holding on touching the rock beginning of destruction.

That is my great friend, Dr. Danny Faulkner from Answers in Genesis. And he and I do a geology by day and astronomy by night river trip.

So Danny spent like 30 years in the astronomy department at the University of South Carolina at Lancaster.

After he left there now working with Answers in Genesis as their astronomer and doing a lot of research in that. And so actually one of my favorite trips of the entire years with Danny, because he's a fun guy.

And it is a great opportunity for us to get two great sciences in there, not just geology.

But at night, Danny sets up his telescope, we use laser pointers and point out the stars and the constellations and look at the planets.

And so it's kind of the rock star tour, if you will. It's fantastic.

And it's usually one of our first trips to fill up every year. Our wait list for our river trips is about a year and a half long right now, just because so many people are trying to get into there.

But anyhow, if you look at this picture, you can see the Grand Canyon on the left. And below there at the bottom, we're kind of standing right at the

Great Unconformity. And then you can see over on the right hand side a very similar geology over in southern

Israel. And we have the same Great Unconformity, a massive erosional plane. Now, we again can look at the same

Tepite sandstone and say, hey, this was deposited by fast moving water. And so tonight, we've been talking about just that one layer of rock.

But I would do myself a disservice if I didn't mention Danny's favorite rock and my favorite rock layer, actually, which is the

Redwall limestone and a beautiful rock layer you can see on the left and on the right. This is a picture

I took from a Redwall cavern. And the Redwall limestone is another fantastic rock layer we can point out that we can see deposited again by water on a global scale.

This Redwall limestone is one of the single thickest rock layers we have in the Grand Canyon. And it is chock full of fossils, all sorts of fossils.

And we find crinoids in there, we find corals in there, we find brachiopods, we find all kinds of stuff embedded within this limestone.

Now, here's an interesting thing about the fossils we find, especially in the Redwall and other limestones, we find a lot of the fossils there.

Kaibab limestone up on the rim of the Grand Canyon, we can take you there show you fossils. The interesting thing is the condition in which we find these fossils.

Now coral is pretty strong in itself, right? And if coral was buried slowly particle by particle accumulation, then the coral should be buried intact.

And when it gets re -exposed, it should still be intact. You know, we should see a nice branching structure of coral.

But that's not how we find fossils around the world, especially not here in the Grand Canyon. How we find these fossils is not nice and intact, but smashed and pulverized and broken up.

In fact, most of the pieces of coral I'm looking at are no bigger than your thumb oftentimes. They have been pulverized as if they were rapidly buried by tumultuous amounts of water.

We're talking about catastrophic burial. You know, at the base of this red wall limestone, we have about a six foot bed called the

Whitmore layer. We kind of call it the Whitmore Nautiloid bed, because we find a lot of nautiloids in there.

And Dr. Steve Austin, one of the great researchers did a lot of creation geology work there, mapping out these nautiloids across the

Grand Canyon all the way even to Las Vegas, and finding that there's a pretty good trend of them oriented all in the same direction.

Now, they're all trending in one direction. And so why in the world, how in the world are they, you know, by and large, overall, the majority of them laying in the same direction, unless they were deposited at the same time by currents of water.

And so here, we're looking at this entire package of rocks deposited very, very rapidly. There's a lot of other stuff we could talk about regarding this red wall limestone, we just don't have time for tonight.

But it's a fantastic, beautiful layer. And again, since Danny and I, that's kind of our favorite rock layer of the

Grand Canyon, I can't do a Grand Canyon geology talk without mentioning it. But anyhow, when you look at the extent of these layers, this same red wall limestone we see here, you can trace across to the eastern side of the

United States, that same red wall limestone you can see in England, where my wife is from. And I've done geology studies from southeastern

England all the way to near the border of Scotland, looking at the various rock layers and things, you can see that same red wall limestone over there.

And I've even heard it said that the red wall limestone makes a part of the Himalayan mountain range on the other side of the earth.

So if you think about it, to get the same dirt from here to there must require a big massive water event, especially we can see that it was deposited by water.

So the extent of these sedimentary rock layers that we see, not only at the

Grand Canyon, but these rock layers we see around the world, to me shows us that there really truly was a worldwide global flood event.

And that again is just talking about one single rock layer, just mainly that Tapeats sandstone.

So again, the great unconformity, huge amount of erosion, coinciding explosion of erosion, coinciding with the

Cambrian explosion of death, really, both of those things, the same place, same snapshot in time, if you will.

And again, found worldwide, the extent of that layer, to me, just that one layer alone, if you were to ask me what is your favorite evidence that there really was a global flood, what is the one thing you might point to?

I point people to the Tapeats sandstone. It is the beginning of the flood. And that layer goes around the world.

And so we believe that that was beginning stages of that flood event, worldwide, fast moving water, catastrophic event.

And so really, in the short time that we have, you know, quickly just flood geology, three rock solid evidences for a global flood event.

Now, I think we got a little bit more time. So I'm going to briefly just share a couple things.

And then we can open up to some questions here in a moment. But looking at the Grand Canyon, you know, we believe that the layers were deposited, by and large during the flood, at least the flat lying horizontal sedimentary rocks that we see, they were deposited by the flood.

But then what in the world formed the Grand Canyon? That's the other big question that we get, you know, what happened to form

Grand Canyon itself? And we get this question, oftentimes, of course, it's something we talked about on all of our tours.

Now, most creation geologists that work and study and live around the Grand Canyon, and have spent many years of their life studying and rafting through the

Grand Canyon. In fact, every creation geologist that I know has spent multiple years in around here and done, you know, dozens and dozens of river trips to the

Grand Canyon, hold to that the canyon was formed catastrophically after the flood in Noah's day by a big massive amount of water spilling through here, a big lake breach dam, if you will, spilling through.

And so it's actually part of the research project I've been working on for about three years now, and had the opportunities last year to continue working with Dr.

Steve Austin, and doing some fieldwork, studying this whole landscape. And basically, when you look at a big map, if you were to look here, kind of Grand Canyon is right here,

Flagstaff is down here, you can look in a map, you can actually use software that actually maps terrain levels.

And we can see that there's actually an open basin that used to house a massive large lake system.

And so when you plug in a software, there's actually a software I'm using, when I created this, you literally just say, throw me water at an elevation, and it fills in a massive lake system, and a big huge lake system that actually would be contained or held in the middle of what we call the

Colorado Plateau. Now the Colorado Plateau is not exactly flat, the

Colorado Plateau is actually shaped like a giant bowl. And so here you can see this big kind of yellow section

I'd colored in, this shows you kind of part of the Colorado Plateau, and a big rim of mountains go all around it.

And if you, even today, if you dammed up the Grand Canyon, and stopped all the Colorado River flowing through here, it would actually back up and fill a massive lake system just like this.

We've actually done the software simulations to see this. And not only that, but when you go and examine where the lakes used to be, for example,

Hopi Lake, which is right down here, oftentimes referred to as Hopi Lake, going back to the 1930s.

But going back to the 1800s, this massive lake basin was actually identified by John S.

Newberry as a big massive lake basin. And he proposed, all the way back in the 1800s, geologists were proposing that the

Grand Canyon was actually formed by a catastrophic amount of water spilling through there. And so they were talking about this lake since the 1800s all the way to the present day.

Nowadays we got guys like Dr. John Douglas, one of our state geologists, and as far as I know, not a creationist, but talking about this lake system having to do with spillover in the

Grand Canyon, lake spillover or breach dam. And when you look at this massive lake system, we're talking about a lake that was thousands of cubic miles in size when you put them all together.

And you can actually fill water in this lake basin up to right around 6 ,700 feet in elevation before it would actually spill out of the bowl.

And so you have a giant bowl shaped plateau, you fill it with water, and naturally water is going to collect in the water.

If it continues rising up and filling up and up and up, this water would eventually spill over the rim of the plateau, over the rim of the bowl, wherever one of the low points would be.

And back then when it did spill over, we believe it was actually the lowest point happened to be where the Grand Canyon is today.

So a giant bowl of water would naturally spill over. And when you spill a bowl of water or spill water beyond its capacity, it begins to carve through an earthen dam.

It begins to carve through the wall of this dam. And so this is how we see Grand Canyon formed. A secondary flood, if you will, after the flood in Noah's Day.

And some of the research that I've been doing and involved with, and I'll have a paper hopefully coming out soon, working on this.

Andrew Snelling keeps trying to get me to get it done. And I keep telling him, I know, I know, because we're going to get that in ANSWER's research journal.

But trying to get this whole lake thing put together, a lot of research in the field.

And so what we see is this massive body of water, thousands of cubic miles spilled through here. And so my primary area of research has been this kind of Hopi Lake or Lake Bitter Hochi area that you would see because it's close to Flagstaff, which is right to the left of it.

So I live here so I can go and examine here. And when we take a look at Hopi Lake, what we actually find is not only, you know, with the terrain level lines, things like that, not only can we see that actually the basin would have held water, and you can actually see erosional features at a certain water level mark.

We also find a freshwater mud -bottom deposit in this lake basin. Freshwater, we know because it contains freshwater mollusks, and the geology shows us that it was actually freshwater as well.

Now this freshwater mud -bottom deposit is found in the form of greenish looking clays, which are actually pretty important because greenish clays are indicative of deep water environments in which they're formed.

Not a lot of oxidation deep down there. So not only do we find freshwater mollusks in here, we also find nearby here and on the shore's edges, especially down here by Taylor, we actually find tundra swan tracks and tundra swan bones.

Now thinking about that, tundra swans, where do tundra swans typically live and breed?

In the tundra, way far north in the cold places. So what are they doing way down here?

Well, we believe this lake existed into the Ice Age, and so during the Ice Age, of course, the climate would be colder down here.

We know that also because we actually have fossilized ice casts. So ice crystals that formed on the edge of this lake that actually had been created a fossil imprint, and those fossils were actually just about two miles down the road from me over at the

Museum of Northern Arizona. So fossil tundra swans, trackways, fossil fish that we find in here, all kinds of stuff that indicates and shows us this was a post -flood lake system that existed into the

Ice Age, and our best estimates is that this actually probably filled up and breached to form the

Grand Canyon at the end of the Ice Age. And so this research is actually still ongoing, great, fantastic research.

There's a few new things that I'm not even going to share yet because we're actually going to be waiting until we can publish and get it out there, but it's a paper and project that is exciting going on.

Creation Geology is still studying it, and so it was actually the talk that Dr. Austin just recently gave at this year's

Creation Geology Society gathering based upon the research that Steve, Austin, and I did along with Edmund Holroyd and Tom Folks.

And so we're still continually researching this landscape in this area to say, yeah, does Hopi Lake hold water?

Absolutely. And in fact, among geologists and a lot of other tour guides that even work for other companies at the

Grand Canyon, I've heard that this is becoming a growing idea among geology. Even secular geologists that I personally know are looking at this idea saying, you know, maybe that lake system, maybe that whole idea does hold water.

There's a good pun for you. And so absolutely, we believe this Grand Canyon was a product of a catastrophic amount of water spilling through here rapidly, forming the

Grand Canyon. Catastrophically, a lot of water in a little bit of time did this, we would say.

Not a long time and a little bit of water. And so what we typically say is that there's a canyon here, not because there's a river down below, but there's a river down below because there is a

Grand Canyon. And that's pretty much, I think, all the time I have for tonight. The actual lake carving is a whole different talk.

We could do a different night and actually have some physical samples of rocks that we can even showcase the evidence of that lake.

But anyhow, come out for a river trip with us. Come on a RIM tour. We'd love to see you. Again, daily tours of the

Grand Canyon, sunset tours, morning tours. We even do a triple park tour where we not only visit Grand Canyon, we go to other beautiful landscapes where we visit

Native American Indian ruins that are nearly 1 ,000 years old. We go visit volcanoes that erupted 1 ,000 years ago.

And then, of course, daily, those daily tours, daily hikes into the Grand Canyon and multi -day backpacking trips, anywhere from three to sometimes five days in length.

And then, like I said, four to seven or nine day whitewater rafting trips to the

Grand Canyon. It's spectacular. It's a lot of fun. Hope you guys can come out and see this amazing landscape that God has given us.

There's so much to see, so much to share, and so much ongoing research in the field of creation geology that's still going on.

So I know I've shared a lot, and I shared a lot of a firehose version of geology, if you will, because I know I spoke quickly. But I'm going to stop my screen here,

I believe, and I'll give you guys a chance to ask some questions if you have. And I think even on the chat thing, we can do that, too.

So let me stop this briefly. My first question is, you said you would come back and do another talk?

I can do lots of talks. We can do this. We can do biblical archaeology. We can do... Oh, your photos are amazing.

Yeah, no, this was awesome. So there are some questions.

I'm going to... I gotta dig up my chat again here. Where did the chat go?

Oh, there it is. I usually let

Terry do this. Yeah, no problem. Okay.

So Rachel is our regular, and she lives in England. She comes from England.

And she's saying, being from England myself, just wondering what part Nate has been to in southeast

England, White Cliffs. There are a lot of cliffs along the south coast. Absolutely.

Yeah, I've been to Dover multiple times. We actually have family that live in Deal, which is right there by Dover.

So every time we go back, we're always visiting Deal. And then trying to remember where my grandmother lives, somewhere along the north of Deal.

And so actually, this Christmas, we're going back for December. And beginning of January, we're going to London and then going to Canterbury for Christmas.

And so all of her family can be joining us for a Canterbury Christmas. That'll be a lot of fun. So I've been all over there. We've done, you know, we've taken trains all around the country, down to Portsmouth and Brighton.

We've gone up north all the way up to Edinburgh. We got some friends up there. So got a great place to stay.

We've gone up to the Highlands, gone up to look for Loch Ness monster. Still couldn't find it. Hey, did you find the

Loch Ness monster? No, we tried. My kids were looking and, you know, they were disappointed. But beautiful country, beautiful landscape.

It's really our second home. So we've kind of been all over. But we haven't gone to Wales yet. We've gone Scotland, Ireland. We've gone all over southeastern

England, especially along the east coast, but haven't got too much to the west side. So next time.

All right. Thank you for that. Oh, and Rachel says she was born in Deal. Oh, born in Deal.

All right. So you're probably familiar with, I think, Great Mongeon or Mongeonham, how do you pronounce it?

Anyhow, my wife's aunt lives literally right next to the churchyard at Great Mongeon Church.

Her house borders the actual old cemetery. And every now and then whenever she's working in the backyard, they're digging up old graveyard tombstones, you know, gravestones and pretty neat history.

What was her last name? What's that? Grandma's last name? Oh, Matthews.

Sorry, you're breaking up. Oh, so yeah. And do I sound okay now? Yes. Okay. And then

Carolyn, another regular asks, why isn't the Great Unconformity seen everywhere in the world since the flood was worldwide?

And I think that kind of ties in with the question that I have with in that flood map, there's white and yellow, and the yellow is the tepid, but what is the white?

So Carolyn's asking, why don't we see the unconfirmity worldwide? And I'm wondering if it has something to do with it, yellow and white now.

That's a great question. I'm going to share my screen again, I think. Let's see here if I can pull this back up, because I just pulled that picture back up once again.

So let me hit the right button. And okay, can you see it now?

Yes. Okay. Yeah, that's there it goes. So here's the picture. And so the question, and we get this a lot of times, you know, if this is a peat sandstone, first of all, why don't we have to peat sandstone everywhere?

To answer that, we believe that it was deposited everywhere initially at the onset of the flood.

But then what we see is later on, as the flood is receding from day 150, water is rushing off the continents, and it's draining toward the ocean basins.

And so what happens is the landscape is actually being beveled, it's being sheared off down to river,

I mean, down to water level, down to the ocean level. And so what's happening is that the peat sandstone that was deposited in the central areas of the continents, water running off the continents is eroding down below that oftentimes, or washing it away.

Or during the flood, you know, the breakup, there's currents moving back and forth. So it basically washes away, and especially where we see, you know, the continental margins, that's where we're missing it, by and large.

We're also missing it kind of right here in the central area. And this is what we believe happened when there were actually glaciers that moved down from the north.

The glacial activity actually scoured down in some places, down to bedrock. And then it also deposited other sediments on top of that and things like that.

But we don't, we see it forming initially. And that's the reason why we would have it from North America all the way across through Africa and continually on.

It deposits across here when these continents are actually together at the initial stages of the flood, then broken apart and moving, separating, not by a slow continental drift over millions of years, but more like continental sprint.

And so this is really just the one sandstone layer that depletes sandstone. Why don't we have it deposited everywhere?

Well, first of all, we haven't fully mapped out all of this. Great research geologist

Dr. Tim Clary with Institute for Creation Research has actually been doing a lot of mapping of sedimentary rock layers and mega sequences.

Fantastic, probably the best mine on the planet in my opinion for that. But they're still mapping out areas.

You know, we don't have the entire world mapped out yet geologically, especially what's deep down because fortunately the

Grand Canyon, we have a mile deep cut that exposes it. You know, over there in Baraboo, we can, you know, see it, but many places this sediment is far beneath your feet, hundreds to thousands of feet below you.

And so only through core samples and then bringing them up and matching them up and geological work, can we actually kind of really help put together the big picture view.

And currently, I believe Tim Clary is working on mapping places in Asia. So I'm excited to see what the ongoing research is that shows perhaps maybe we won't have the same

Tapeat sandstone in Asia. But the other factor too is we look at the Tapeat sandstone.

It's a unique signature sedimentary rock layer. It's a unique sandstone. And the reason for that we can tell because of the physical and chemical composition that it's the same sandstone.

But if you don't have enough starting material, you're not going to be able to evenly distribute it across the planet.

Kind of like when you're making a peanut butter and jelly sandwich, right? If you get a big old scoop of peanut butter on that knife, yeah, you can begin to carry it across that bread, but eventually that peanut butter wears thin and eventually it runs out.

And then you would lay down a layer of jelly, maybe on top of that. And if you don't get peanut butter along the entire piece of bread, well, when the next stuff gets deposited on top or brought in like that jelly, you might have jelly sitting on top of bread or you might have peanut butter sitting on top of bread.

Really, it depends on how much starting material you have as far as how much can be distributed. So this at least shows us some of what we know, and we don't know everywhere yet.

We haven't done all the sampling yet, but this shows us at least some of what we know about the distribution of the

Tapeat sandstone. And again, it also, we help, we see and understand that without the same material everywhere, you're run out.

And then also other events during the flood near the end of the flood are washing off material that would initially have been deposited.

So hopefully that helps answer that in a long answer. Yeah, no, that was good.

And I hope you got that, Carolyn. Okay, Bob R., another regular, since the pre -flood layers of the

Grand Canyon are below the Great Unconformity, what do you suppose caused them to be tilted before even the first, the flood layers were deposited?

Typically creationists suppose the mountains, okay, so you know what he's saying. Absolutely, yeah, we get this all the time too.

So we believe that the pre -flood supergroup, we tend to call it, we believe that those layers were tilted at the beginning of the flood, probably when the fountains of the

Great Deep are breaking forth. We understand that, by and large, as a major tectonic event too, an upheaval of the continents even in places.

And so we believe that initially, you know, the law of superposition basically would say that these layers were deposited flat and horizontal, and at the beginning of the flood that they were tilted up and probably broken up.

And interestingly, what we see at the Grand Canyon as far as what was there in the pre -flood world, the best evidence that we're looking at is that this was probably a pre -flood ocean floor.

So standing in the rim of the Grand Canyon in Arizona, probably a pre -flood ocean floor, and actually probably a nearshore environment.

And those continental margins especially, we would have a breakup. We'd have tilting and fault lines and thrust up.

And we understand that there was probably a really good catastrophic plate tectonics, if you will, which is a great model in helping us understand the flood, the mechanisms of the flood, where that water came from, where the water went to.

Guys like Dr. John Baumgartner, fantastic studies, modeling and mapping out things like this catastrophic plate tectonics.

But yeah, we believe they were tilted up probably at the beginning of the flood during the initial, right at the beginning phases of this flood event.

I gotta say, Baumgartner is a little dry. You're very very easy to listen to.

Oh, thank you. We've listened to a lot of John Baumgartner stuff. Actually, Rob Langsdorf is asking us to maybe get him to talk.

Yeah, yeah. Oh, yeah. He can talk circles around me. He's very knowledgeable. Absolutely. But you're a little easier to listen to.

Don't knock on Mr. Baumgartner. Mark Cover, who was a former speaker of ours.

I know, Mark. Yes, he is. It seems like you guys do know each other. He says Tim Clary is truly a rock star.

I think somebody's being punny. I love it. From ICR, and God's used his name in the corporate world to give him access to this data.

That's awesome. And that brings me to another question in Facebook. Pam asks, do you have a good working relationship with the secular guides?

And how resistant are they to hearing you? You know, I actually we do have a really good relationship with a lot of the secular tour company guides up there.

You know, because we've been up there for a long time. I mean, we've had a presence in the Grand Canyon, like I said, for over 25 years now.

And we also want to maintain good working relationships, because yeah, we might have a different perspective about things like the

Grand Canyon, the geology, the history of the past. But we work together. It's like family, you know, and so I am very purposeful in maintaining good relationships with other tour guides, saying hi to them, talking to them.

Oftentimes, those conversations start because I'm at an overlook, talking about the Grand Canyon to my group, and I see another, you know, company pull up.

And, you know, we got Pink Jeep Tours, which is a fantastic company up there. And we'll see them kind of pull up to the same overlook.

And I see them start to unload, they're kind of walking our way. And I'll intentionally, even if I'm not quite done yet, I'll intentionally try to wrap up what

I'm saying. So that as they're walking up, they don't have to like stand back there and wait or try to find the second best place.

So I'll say something like, hey, so we're gonna wrap up right now. We're gonna let our friend from Pink Jeep come on in here. Come on in you guys.

And hey, how's it going? And so that brief 30 second conversation, I might see the exact same guy later on down the road at another overlook.

And they might say, hey, man, thanks for letting us come in there. You know, we could have waited and said, no, no, no. I want you guys to have your guests to be able to see this too.

And we have conversations that may only be, you know, a few seconds to a few minutes long. But enough times that we're out there,

I mean, daily, like I said, with hundreds and hundreds of tours a year, we see the same guides. And so it's important to us that we maintain relationships.

Because first of all, we want to be friendly people, because it's, you know, a good way to work. And second, we want to show the love of Christ to people.

And so I have a witness. Yeah, it's a witnessing way to and I've been personally asked multiple times by tour companies at the

Grand Canyon to actually go and present the creation message, the creation perspective of the Grand Canyon to their entire guide team.

Oh, that's awesome. Yeah. And that that was really brought about because you know, our friendliness, you know, they can realize, yeah, we might have a different perspective, but we're not all that weird.

You know, we can actually be normal, everyday people. And what I tell them, as I say, there's so much more that brings us together about a place like the

Grand Canyon than what separates us. You know, we all love the Grand Canyon. We love the stories. We love showing people the things that we love.

And so that can bring us together. And yeah, we might have a different perspective. What I like to say when I go to those talks, and I give those presentations to other tour companies, as I say,

I'm not really here to give a presentation. I'm here to have a conversation. And so I give out my business card with my personal cell phone number and email address all the time to guides or just random people up at the tour on the rim that aren't even part of our tour and say, hey, if you're in Flagstaff, I would love to continue this conversation.

I'll buy you lunch, we'll buy you coffee, we'll hang out. And it's been really great over the years. And so I've gotten to know park rangers up there.

I personally know park rangers that have actually come in and listen to the talks we're giving along the rim. I've had other tour guides come and listen.

And we've had dozens and dozens of people who just listening overhear us and come move a little bit closer and start listening more.

And so it's not uncommon to start a talk with maybe five or six people in your group.

And by the time you're done talking, you've got 20 people standing around listening. And so it allows us to be a voice in the wilderness, if you will, you know, a literal wilderness, right, surrounded by a place like the

Grand Canyon. So yeah, great relationship with the with the tour. And we also offer we we give free tours to anybody that works in the

Grand Canyon National Park, whether they're a tour guide, a park ranger, or somebody that washes dishes at Lodge.

If you're working at the Grand Canyon, we want to give you a free tour because we want to bless you. And so we you know, if we have a tour running that day, it doesn't hurt us to have, you know, open seats, we can throw somebody on and so we provide free tours so people can hear that perspective.

And you know, ask those questions, you know, so we're definitely open to that. Excellent. I have a also

Brenda Malone says Hello, Nate, David. Yeah. And Elia Rollins says the same thing.

They they say hi, we love their homeschoolers. And then we have

Jeff, the geologist, one of our regulars asking, how do we find out about your Jeff, I was going to get him do this at the end.

He's asking, how do we find out about your Grand Canyon trips? Yeah, all of our stuff is online on our website.

That's the main thing, our source of information, booking reservations, all of that. Canyon ministries .org.

If you go there, you'll find it all or simply just Google Grand Canyon Christian to our Grand Canyon creation to our

Grand Canyon ministry. Any of those things you Google at any time you're going to find us will be the first ones there. We're actually believe it or not, we are rated right now number one out of 52 outdoor activities at Grand Canyon National Park on tripadvisor .com.

So we are the number one rated outdoor activity at Grand Canyon National Park. So a lot of people find out through tripadvisor through Viator to people that might not even know about us.

But if you just Google Grand Canyon creation to our Grand Canyon Christian ministry, you'll find us or canyon ministries .org.

Yeah, great way to connect with us there. We also have resources, we're developing new videos, new downloadable teaching material, new

Bible study material. So we're working to develop a lot new, a lot of new resources and stuff, too.

I had a few of my own, I think, Mark, I think we answered your question. When he was talking about those guides,

Rob, another regular says what, okay, he's asking what caused Hopi Lake to cut through the canyon.

But before you answer that, a question I had about the

Hopi Lake thing is nobody ever saw a lake there, right? We're taking that on faith and and evidence that we see.

Not necessarily. So we do find direct physical geological evidence for the lake.

And some of that I can't even share yet, because it's actually still being researched. We've got some samples that we're hoping to send off from some strontium isotope testing on it.

But anyhow, just pretty good physical evidence. But interestingly enough, there's stories of every native group around here, the

Havasupai, the Hualapai, the Hopi, the Paiute, all these groups, they talk and believe the

Grand Canyon was formed by a catastrophic amount of water. Now I've heard it said that one of those groups, one of the early groups that arrived here, and I can't remember if it was the

Havasupai or the Hualapai, one of those groups, I believe it's one of those groups, I may be mistaken, but they talk about one of the earliest stories of their arrival to the

Grand Canyon area. And they say that they came down to this area and they found a massive, huge lake, a lake so big that you take days to be able to get across it, basically is what they say.

They lived around the shores of this big, beautiful lake. And when they were living there, it was the perfect place to live and it was beautiful.

And you think lake, there's no real lakes around here nowadays, except for the two we've recently made, Lake Powell, Lake Mead. And now they talk about this big lake.

And what they say is that one day the ground began to shake and there was a terrible sound heard within the skies.

They say that the mouth of the earth opened up and swallowed up all that water so that where there was a big lake, now there was a

Grand Canyon. And it appeared to them that the earth literally opened up and swallowed the water. And if you think about it, if they were actually eyewitnesses to this whole event of a breach dam, lake spillover, they could have been eyewitnesses to this event take place.

And it would seem to them that the earth swallowed it up. Now, in reality, the water spilling through, carving this escape route, carving the

Grand Canyon, water going down into the canyon would be ejected hundreds of miles away to the west.

In fact, many geologists believe that the LA Basin sits on top of Grand Canyon sediments. It's in their secular literature. You can actually trace the same sediment layers from the

Grand Canyon, parts of the Mojave Desert and the Anza Borrego Desert by Southern California. So this water would be ejected far to the west, but standing there or nearby, it would appear to you that we had a huge lake and now all of a sudden, where it was, there's a massive canyon.

So Robin, we could actually have had an eyewitness account to the actual breach dam, which makes sense because when we place it from the research we're doing now, which is actually ongoing and new research, but it's actually placing the breach event near the end of the ice age.

We actually see a rapid increase in sediment deposits in this Beta Hochi lake bed formation right at the very end of it when the whole thing began to breach.

We look at that evidence and we interpret that as being that's melting glacial water, glacial runoff from Colorado and Utah coming down.

It introduces a whole new water system from the upper Colorado River Basin into this lower lake basin area.

We can even see the evidence of that with fish fossils and things like that, but we place the timing of that near the end of the ice age, which actually is perfect timing for people living here.

Migrating from the Tower of Babel across the Bering Strait land bridge into North America, settling down and it came down here, big beautiful lake.

Seems to be that maybe there were eyewitnesses to this, just like there are eyewitnesses, we believe to the global flood, of course, and stories we have passed on in cultures around the world from those eight people that went through the flood and came off the arc and why we have global flood stories around the world.

Well, I think that maybe Native Americans were actually here to witness maybe even the Grand Canyon formation.

Every tribe again, every tribe in this area believe the Grand Canyon was formed catastrophically by a flooding event. Yeah, I've been wanting to and I think that answers your question,

Rob, that it was an earthquake. Sorry for my coughing. Perhaps, yeah, I saw Rob's question, you know, what caused

Hochi Lake to cut through the canyon the way it did? Was it an earthquake fault? That's a great question and truthfully, we don't know yet.

There are multiple, multiple explanations on how it could happen. It could happen simply by spillover.

We have evidence that there's actually tectonic uplift called isostatic rebound that happened with the

Kaibab Plateau, so that when the canyon was carved, the entire Kaibab Plateau on the north rim side actually tilted up, making the north rim of the

Grand Canyon a little bit higher and actually pushed down the back end of that plateau further down where you see above the

Grand Canyon, actually lowering that landscape, but when it was flat or intact, it would actually would have been one of the lowest points.

In fact, the lowest point along the entire Colorado Plateau is actually where we have the Grand Canyon carve, so it could simply have been spillover that initiated a little bit of water spilling through.

A little bit of water causes a little bit of erosion, which releases more water and then more water, more erosion, more erosion, more water.

Pretty soon, you end up with a catastrophic exponential runaway process. It could have simply been by spillover.

That's one way. It could have also been by an earthquake, some kind of tectonic fracturing that maybe caused liquefaction to the wall and water started to travel through.

Other ideas, maybe there was actually some dissolving of the limestone that we see there, so some karst formations and maybe starting off as a spring that triggered some water movement, some tunneling through there that actually started to release water.

Any one of these mechanisms have the power to create the canyon, create the breach, or maybe it was actually the eruption of these big volcanoes we see down in the

Hopi Buttes area. These volcanoes have physical evidence that they erupted into this lake basin. Of course, a big volcanic eruption causes tsunami -like waves.

Dr. John Whitmore and I were out there. I took him to Hopi Buttes for the first time out. He'd not gone out there, but he brought his geology students from Cedarville and we did a whole field trip out to the

Hopi Buttes. I was showing him some of the geology and the evidence. He's looking at these volcanoes and saying, these volcanoes are huge.

You look straight across the entire landscape and there's the beginning where the Grand Canyon is. He's saying, hey, if this volcano erupted in this lake, it's going to trigger a tsunami wave washing up and over there.

I'm going to stop you right here so we can pray to close and I can shut off the recording.

Then we can chat afterwards. Perfect. If the recording gets too long, that kind of thing.

Tell us where we can find you again. Yeah, canyonministries .org or again, if you can't remember that name, just Google Grand Canyon Creation Tour, Grand Canyon Christian Tour, Grand Canyon Ministry, whatever it is.

You can find information about our tours, our river trips, our backpacking opportunities, Grand Canyon Creation Adventures, basically, that we create memories that last beyond a lifetime, for eternity, you might say.

All of our tours are creation -based with a biblical message. That's what we've been doing, like I said, for 25 years, for 3 ,000 people a year now.

It's exciting there. That's amazing. Again, we're Creation Fellowship. You can find us at tinyurl .com

forward slash C -F -S -A -N -T -E -E.

That'll give you all the links. You can re -watch this program on any of our video platforms or on our