Nate Loper speaks on the Grand Canyon: A Flood of Evidence

Turn on the recording, and I need to get the live stream going here.

Oh, did you want to sing, Nate?

That's awesome.

Oh, are you hearing me hum there?

Oh, it says it's not able to access my account.

Oh no.

Okay, here it goes.

You know, I should have left the recording off until

I did this, but we'll get this going very shortly.

So go ahead and sing, Nate.

We're okay with that.

Okay, here we go.

Going live.

And three, two.

Good evening, and thank you for joining us.

Creation Fellowship Santee has been meeting for 10 years in person and presently online for two years.

We're a group of people who come together to learn more about the six -day creation account that happened some 6

,000 years ago.

We also welcome any other topic that is closely aligned with the Bible or shows the Bible to be the

accurate and reliable book that it is.

You can find Creation Fellowship Santee on the internet, at our social media outlets,

or by using the link tinyurl .com forward slash

cfsantee.

That will come up on the slides that are being played right now.

If you'd like to hear more about Creation Fellowship Santee or have questions for us, you can email us at

creationfellowshipsantee at gmail .com.

And you can always forward these invites.

We're not even a non -profit.

We are a no profit.

Our mission is to get the word of the saving grace of Jesus to the world.

And if it takes somebody knowing about creation, then that's what we're doing.

Tonight we have Nate Loper.

Nate is an awesome guy.

Nate is an executive director at Canyon Ministries.

Prior to joining Canyon Ministries, he served in a pastoral ministry for a number of

years and has traveled the nation teaching in churches, schools, and Christian

universities for over 20 years.

He's also led creation tours through dozens of national parks and natural

history museums, both here in the U .S. and in the United Kingdom.

So let me stop my presentation.

And there you go, Nate.

It's all yours.

All right.

Well, thank you,.

Robin.

It's definitely a privilege to be here with you guys tonight.

Excited about this.

So let me try to get my screen going up here.

And let's see.

Make sure to share that window.

Can you guys all see that now?

Yes, and it looks beautiful.

Fantastic.

So yes, thank you for that great introduction.

So yes, my name is Nate Loper, and I get the amazing privilege of having the best job in the world, I

think.

And that is being at the Grand Canyon National Park daily.

And so, you know, our ministry is Canyon Ministries.

And so we, for the past 25 years, have been doing daily tours at the canyon, I should say,

starting off with river trips, and now doing daily rim tours and hiking trips and backpacking trips

in, down, and across the Grand Canyon.

And so, you know, a number of different opportunities that we provide.

Currently, we are serving about 3 ,000 people a year at the Grand Canyon National Park.

And so it's exciting to see the growth of the ministry.

It's exciting to see what God has done over all these years and what he's continuing to do.

And again, we have a fantastic location to be able to showcase the creation of

God.

No other place on this planet is really quite like the Grand Canyon.

And so tonight, I'm going to share a little bit about that with you guys.

And normally, you know, our shortest tour that we do at the Grand Canyon, it's actually a four -hour tour.

So we definitely can't cram four hours of talking and teaching and a creation apologetics into

about 45 minutes.

So I'm really just going to kind of dive into just kind of one area that I really tend to like a lot, and

one key focus that I'm going to share with you guys tonight.

And so, you know, one of the questions that sometimes people ask us is, why the Grand Canyon?

You know, why are we there?

Why has God called us to that location?

And really, I think that President Teddy Roosevelt said it best.

And so what he said is, in the Grand Canyon, Arizona has a natural wonder,

which is in kind, absolutely unparalleled throughout the rest of the world.

And so basically, what he's saying, I think here is, there is no place like the Grand Canyon.

And for those of you who have been to the Grand Canyon, I think you would absolutely agree.

There is no place on the planet quite like the Grand Canyon.

In my opinion, there is no better place on the planet to see and to study and to understand what we call

flood geology.

And so that's really kind of, you know, geology from a biblical perspective with the belief that there really truly was

a global flood, just as Genesis describes in Genesis 6, 7, and 8 in the Bible.

And so we serve daily different tours.

We offer tours every single day, except for Sundays up there.

Year -round, every single month of the year, we're out there proclaiming the gospel as a voice in the

wilderness, if you will, a literal wilderness.

So it's exciting.

And so I'm going to dive in here real quick.

And I know I do talk kind of quickly, so I'll try to remind myself to kind of slow down.

But that's the great thing about a video is we can always, you

haven't seen the Grand Canyon.

Let me show you a little bit of what it looks like.

And we'll kind of dive into a little rock talk with a little bit of flood geology here.

Anyhow, you can see the Grand Canyon, 277 miles long, starting up there just a

little ways below Lake Powell.

We have Lake Powell made by the Glen Canyon Dam back in 1963.

And then you go all the way down to the bottom left there to Lake Mead, made by the Hoover Dam back in 1935.

And between these two big man -made lakes of Lake Powell and Lake Mead, we have the entirety of the Grand

Canyon here in the great state of Arizona.

Again, it is 277 miles long.

It is 10 to 18 miles wide.

And it is over a mile deep in some places.

In fact, some locations, it gets over 6 ,000 feet deep.

And 6 ,093 feet actually is kind of the maximum depth that they've had in the Grand Canyon.

So when we look at this place, really, there is no place quite like this on the planet.

It is a location that draws currently five to six million visitors every single year.

And of course, you know, when they come to see the Grand Canyon, what they're really truly coming to look at is a bunch of rocks, right?

So let's dive in real quick and give a little overview talk, a little rock talk, if you will, about the Grand Canyon.

And here you can see a diagram here.

And you can see that the Grand Canyon is made up mostly of these horizontal, flat -lying

sedimentary rocks.

So sedimentary rocks, rocks typically laid down by water.

You can think of them like glued together sand grains.

And so sedimentary rocks are rocks like sandstone and limestone and shale.

So we've got thousands of feet of these horizontal sedimentary water -laid rocks here at the Grand

Canyon.

And then below this flat -lying layer called the Tapeats Sandstone, we have some tilted,

angled rocks, mostly sediments.

We also have the Cardenas Basalt, kind of a lava flow layer.

But mostly what we have here is sedimentary rocks that are tilted at an angle.

And we call those the Grand Canyon Supergroup.

And so there's a package of rocks that are tilted like that.

And then we get down to the very bottom of the Grand Canyon into the crystalline basement rock, we call it,

made up mostly of metamorphic rocks and igneous rocks like granites.

A lot of pink feldspar granite and things like that, metamorphic rocks.

So these are kind of the crystalline basement rocks, similar to what you will find all around the world.

And you know, if you drill down deep enough, pretty much that's what you're going to start to encounter until you get down to the melting of the mantle of the

Earth.

You know, you've got igneous rocks, metamorphic rocks, you've got these crystalline basement rocks that kind of make up

the basement of the Grand Canyon, and likewise the basement of the whole planet.

So that kind of gives you a little bit of a layout of the Grand Canyon.

Thousands of feet of sedimentary rocks.

We even have volcanoes that have erupted up on the rim.

In some cases, some of those lava flows have actually spilled down into the Grand Canyon.

Some of these volcanoes were actually witnessed by Native Americans living here.

We know that because lava has actually encased some of their villages and things like that.

So we have evidence that some of these lava flows here, and other ones just north of Flagstaff where we live, were actually

witnessed by Native American Indians that were living here.

Pretty cool.

Pretty exciting stuff.

So that is kind of a quick overview of the geology of Grand Canyon, if you will.

And I'll be referencing this picture a few times throughout tonight, because we're going to really

cover really mainly one area of the Grand Canyon.

One area that I'm going to focus on, and really it's one of my favorite layers.

It's certainly one of the most significant layers, in my opinion.

And that is the Tepits Sandstone.

That is the rock layer that you see a little ways below, halfway down.

That is the first horizontal sedimentary rock layer that we can typically see from the rim there.

And so this Tepits Sandstone has some very interesting features and characteristics to it.

So we're going to talk about that.

So again, with a four -hour tour being our shortest tour, anywhere from a four -hour tour to a nine -day river trip,

we really try to cram a lot into what we're talking and teaching at the Grand Canyon.

So tonight, we're not going to be able to cover everything, but we will cover kind of what I

call flood geology.

And really just going to focus on one specific area.

And by that, I hope to present kind of three rock solid evidences for a global flood, as seen at the Grand Canyon.

And again, this is all going to have to do with one single rock layer, this Tepits Sandstone, that to me, again, one

of the most significant features we have at the Grand Canyon.

And so let's dive right in.

So look at the Grand Canyon layer again.

All these sedimentary layers.

This Tepits Sandstone is very interesting, as you can see, because it's the first horizontal

sedimentary rock layer that we can see right here.

And typically, we can see from the rim.

And just below that, we have either tilted, angled Grand Canyon supergroup, or

other places you might find the Tepits sitting directly on top of the crystalline basement rock.

Now, what we also notice is there is a major erosional boundary right here.

A massive amount of erosion, which is actually a puzzle to a lot of geologists.

And the reason for that is this huge amount of erosion is basically some kind of big

feature that we don't typically see happening in the world today.

And this huge amount of erosion typically is difficult for most geologists to really explain how it happened.

And we'll talk about tonight why that is.

But one thing you can see, these tilted angled rock layers that you would see down below, they should continue rising on up toward

the sky.

But something has happened to cut them off, to shear them off straight across, and then stack up

about 4 ,000 feet of water -laid sedimentary rocks on top of there.

So what in the world has happened here?

This is a major erosional boundary, a major mystery, again, to most geologists.

And they call this major mystery the Great Unconformity.

Now, don't worry guys, that's one of the biggest words I'm going to teach you tonight.

But the Great Unconformity, what in the world does that mean?

Well, an unconformity typically represents sections of sedimentary rock deposits where we

see a difference in the way that they were deposited, difference in sequence.

And oftentimes that represents a difference of missing time, most geologists would say.

So here in this picture that I took from a side canyon in the Grand Canyon called Blacktail Canyon, we can actually see some of the

crystalline basement rocks that are actually shooting up at a different angle.

And then right here at this line, right in the middle of that picture, we get to see that Great Unconformity.

It's a massive erosional boundary, and then things get stacked up horizontally directly on top of that.

So this Great Unconformity, again, found down near the bottom here in this picture, but standing on the rim,

this is kind of what it looks like.

So here's a picture I took probably about seven years ago, it looks like, from one of my favorite overlooks called

Lippin Point.

And you can see right here, about halfway down this sandstone cliff, that is the Tapeats

Sandstone.

Underneath that, looking at the river, you can kind of see by the river it's tilted, slanted sediments and rocks.

And you work your way up from those angled rocks until you hit that flat -lying Tapeats Sandstone rock

layer.

And then you can kind of actually map it out and trace it all the way across here.

So that Great Unconformity, to me, is one of the greatest mysteries of the Grand Canyon that I are actually very nicely

solved by a global flood.

Again, looking at that Great Unconformity, we look at this and we see that there's a huge amount of

erosion that has taken place here.

Now, geologists looking at this Unconformity, they say it's called an Unconformity because the rocks do not conform, they

don't match up.

So we have some places, angular Unconformities, where there's a difference in angle.

And oftentimes, of course, they always equate it to a difference in time period.

So they would often say that, for example, in this picture where you see the basement crystalline rock down here, they would say that

this rock was formed.

And then on top of that, this whole other layer, the Tapeats Sandstone that goes all the way up through here, this

Tapeats Sandstone was deposited.

But they say, typically, this contact point, this line, represents a

tremendous amount of missing time from the rock record.

A huge amount of Earth's geological past has gone missing at that halfway point.

Now, here at Blacktail Canyon, between the crystalline basement rock and the Tapeats Sandstone, they would say that right here where that line

is at, we are missing 1 .2 billion years of Earth's geological past.

Now, I didn't say million, but billion.

1 .2 billion years have gone missing from the rock record.

I mean, that's like a quarter of the Earth's history that they would say, typically.

Now, looking at this, they would say a huge amount of missing time because we see such huge

erosion.

Well, either you would say maybe you could get enough erosion given enough time of millions to billions of years

of present -day processes.

That's where that idea comes from.

That comes from the concept or the idea of uniformitarianism, basically saying everything we see happening

today is the same as it always has been in the past.

Slow, gradual, uniform change given enough time could add up to big features.

So, for example, if you only see one inch of erosion in a year and then you look at a big, massive Grand Canyon, well,

how many inches do you need to add up and how many years does that equate to?

Of course, that's looking at today's present processes.

That idea really of uniformitarianism was popularized by a lawyer

turned geologist named Charles Lyell.

Back around 1853, Charles Lyell wrote a series of three books called The Principles of Geology.

Principles of Geology basically came up with this idea that the present is the key to the past.

If you want to understand what happened to Earth's ancient past, well, just look at today's present rates of slow, gradual erosions and

deposits and add things up.

So Charles Lyell, I said 1853, I think it was 1832 actually when he wrote those, but anyhow, kind of the father of

modern -day geology.

Charles Lyell would say things like the present is the key to the past, but someone who believes in God's word,

the Bible, to be true, I would say the exact opposite is the case.

It's not the present world we live in today that's the key to the past.

Rather, I believe it's the past and those events of the past that are the key to the present world we have today.

You know, if you want to understand why we have the world we have today, you need to understand what has happened in the

past to get us here.

And since you and I were not here since the very beginning, we have to rely upon another source of authority, another

eyewitness, if you will.

And fortunately, we are given God's word, the Bible, as a key to some of the events that have

happened in the past.

One of those major events that the Bible describes, of course, is this global flood in Noah's day.

And when you understand what the flood is really truly all about, it is a major, huge catastrophe of

worldwide, not only burial by water and drowning, but worldwide erosion, worldwide

depositing of sediment material.

When you understand what scripture talks about, this is a global flood, first of all, that has tremendous

amounts of water, starting with the fountains of the deep, you know, we're talking about huge geysers coming up from the depths of

the ocean, the ocean basins, as the word take home in the Hebrew refers to.

We're talking about the windows of heaven being open, tremendous downpour, a lot more water than what most people tend

to think, you know, and come, you know, the rains came down and the floods came up.

We're not, we're not talking about a little Sunday school, Sunday school story.

No, we're talking about a major, huge, catastrophic event.

And so when we take people to places around the grand Canyon, like here in Blacktail Canyon, we showcase them

the exact features that the Bible really talks about a worldwide global flood, and

not only just a lot of water, but a lot of time, you know, a lot of people thinking about the flood.

When you ask most people, how long was that flood?

The most common answer you get is, well, wasn't it 40 days and 40 nights, but that's not what the Bible actually teaches.

You can see Genesis 7 verse 11 tells us the beginning of the flood.

And then Genesis chapter eight, when they get off the arc, you can actually look at those times.

This is a year long global flood.

We've got a year long global flood of huge catastrophic amounts of water.

And just like any flooding event we see today, it's not just water, but we would have tsunami like

waves slamming into the continents of the continents themselves.

At this point, we believe we're broken apart and they moved rapidly and violently in some cases colliding together,

buckling and forcing up huge major mountain ranges.

So that mountains rose, valleys sunk and were ripped open.

I mean, tremendous tectonic geological change happening to our planet.

And scripture actually gives us an indication of that as well.

Psalm 104 talks about the flood.

Psalm 104 verse eight tells us that mountains rose and valleys sank to the levels of God decreed.

So we're not just talking about a water event.

No, we are talking about a huge major catastrophic tectonic event.

We would have volcanoes and earthquakes going off around the planet, a complete resurfacing

of the world as we know it.

And in fact, that's what scripture tells us.

The world then was destroyed by the flood.

It doesn't simply say the world was saturated or soaking wet.

No scripture clearly tells us the world then was destroyed by the flood.

So when we take people to places like Blacktail Canyon, like you see here, this is actually Dr. Andrew Snelling from

Answers in Genesis.

They are one of our biggest ministry partners.

So we do multiple trips every year with Answers in Genesis.

We've done trips with other groups like Focus on the Family.

We've done trips with the Institute for Creation Research, all kinds of people, but a lot of trips we like bringing, you know, guys like

Dr. Andrew Snelling, a PhD geologist or guys like Dr. John Whitmore, who leads the geology department at

Cedarville University, bringing people that can come down and know these rocks intimately and can showcase,

hey, what does science have to say and what does scripture have to say?

And we put the two together.

And in a place like Blacktail Canyon, if you haven't figured it out yet, here is the Great Unconformity right in the

middle there.

And I'm hoping you guys can see the mouse I'm using to kind of point at.

If not, it's the line you kind of see going right across that stark line next to Andrew.

And below that, crystalline basement rocks.

We have quartzite and schist and granites and things like that.

And then right above that, the beginning of the Tapeats Sandstone.

But it's a major, huge erosional boundary that we see here.

Now we take people into places like Blacktail Canyon on our seven and our nine -day river trips through the Grand

Canyon.

And what we have here is people that can come up here and put one hand on the bottom rock, which we believe was

formed during creation week.

So rock that was exposed or brought to the surface on day three of creation, most likely.

So one hand on creation.

And then right above there, one hand on destruction.

It's a very powerful place.

Creation and destruction side by side, if you will.

So when we examine this, what are we looking at?

Are we looking at millions to billions of years of slow, gradual erosion?

Or are we looking at a lot of erosion from a really big feature that, you know, a really big event that

would have happened like the Bible ascribes with a global flood?

Well, to examine that, to understand that, you guys, all we really need to do is go and take a look at the rocks.

See what they have to say.

And you might even say the rocks cry out.

And they speak as a testimony of what has happened here and really a testimony of God's Word being true from the very

beginning.

Up close, when you take a look at these rocks, what we find here at that great unconformity boundary line, not

only do we see a lot of erosion, but we see tons and tons of broken gravels and rounded

rocks embedded within that section where the tepid sandstone joins the crystalline basement rock.

In other words, right at that boundary line, we happen to see a huge, you know, liquid

sandpaper, if you will, of rocks and all sorts of things.

And many of these rocks, interestingly, are nicely rounded and smooth.

Here's another place that we see the great unconformity.

And this is a place that I take people up to on our four -day river trips, kind of the lower end of the Grand Canyon.

And we see here, below here, this kind of the basement rocks down here.

This is where the beginning of that great unconformity is.

This is the bottom of the tepid sandstone, kind of mixed in with some of the rocks that it had eroded and plucked up.

And so we see all kinds of great rocks.

We see quartz sites and all kinds of really strong, hard rocks.

But here's the interesting thing.

At that contact point, at that boundary, we find numerous rounded rocks and

stones.

Now, here's an example.

Nicely rounded rock here in the middle.

Somebody actually, a couple years ago, looks like they tried to pull this rock out or something because they got a piece of section chipped out of it.

Wasn't too happy when I saw that the next time.

But anyhow, this is a pretty strong rock to begin with, but it's nice and rounded.

Now, I know you guys watching this are a pretty clever bunch.

So where do we typically find round and smooth stones today?

Well, we typically find them in rivers and in streams, right?

Where did David go to find the smooth stones he was looking for to slay Goliath?

Well, the Bible tells us he went down to the brook or the stream.

And why was that?

Well, David was no geologist, but he was smart enough to know fast moving water tumbles these rocks, knocking off the

sharp edges, rounding them smooth.

So we typically find round and smooth stones where we find fast moving water.

So when we examine this sandstone and we find numerous rounded rocks and stones embedded

within it, right at that contact point, what does that tell us scientifically,

geologically, observationally about the way that the sandstone was deposited?

Well, it tells us not only was it deposited by moving water, but it was deposited by fast

moving water.

Pretty interesting.

Direct physical evidence of fast moving water to deposit this Tapeats sandstone.

Now here's the real kicker, the real interesting thing.

Not only do we find round smooth stones and pebbles embedded within this Tapeats sandstone, but we find boulders

plucked up and embedded within it.

Some of those boulders are actually, you know, nearly 20 feet in diameter and bigger than that in some places.

We see huge, massive, rounded rocks embedded within there.

And interesting that we can see all these rounded rocks.

And here's the other interesting thing regarding this great unconformity.

Not only do creation geologists believe that it was deposited by fast moving water, but interestingly

enough, secular geologists do too.

It is in the literature that they believe this Tapeats sandstone was deposited by fast moving

water because the evidence is undeniable.

And here's what they often would say.

They would say things like, we don't know what happened during that 1 .2 billion years of missing time, but there must have been a

tremendous water event.

And that's because when you examine the rocks, the physical evidence is undeniable.

So geologists around the world all agree this great unconformity and the Tapeats

sandstone was deposited by fast moving water.

So here's an interesting thing.

If we can determine that that Tapeats sandstone was deposited by fast moving water,

let's continue to examine it and see what else it might tell us.

So we look at this Tapeats sandstone, not only do we see one of the largest geological mysteries of the Grand Canyon.

And in fact, I say that because when you watch shows on National Geographic, on the Science Channel, Discovery Channel, any kind of

good documentary, inevitably they're going to talk about the great unconformity and what a major mystery it is.

There's constantly new scientific journals and research papers.

They're trying to explain this great unconformity.

And not only because it's a huge erosional event, but we'll talk a little bit why in a minute

about why it's such a big major mystery.

But before we do, I want to showcase another major mystery that we find here at that exact same place,

the exact same contact point between where the Tapeats sandstone sits on top of all the other rocks.

And that is another major mystery, not necessarily of geology, but of evolutionary

biology.

Another major mystery known as the Cambrian Explosion, or the Cambrian Explosion of Life.

And I know many of you guys have heard about the Cambrian Explosion of Life.

You may have heard of Cambrian and Pre -Cambrian rocks.

And so what that means is around the world, at basically pretty much the

same level, same area, and oftentimes with the same sort of sandstone right there, around the world we find

a major mystery, a major explosion within the fossil record, if you will.

And they call it the Cambrian Explosion of Life because it's as if life suddenly had a magic leap

forward and exploded into existence.

And so we look at this Cambrian Explosion, and geologists are puzzled by this, or I should say evolutionary

biologists are puzzled by this, because it goes opposite of their predicted model of evolution,

which basically would say at the bottom most layers we should find single cell organisms gradually eventually working their way

up through the fossil record, becoming more and more complex over time.

We should see a nice steady transition of complexity.

But that's not what we find.

What we find down below the Tapeats Sandstone is basically nothing.

And then we basically throw nothing, nothing, nothing, nothing, then boom, an explosion within the fossil record

that represents nearly every major phyla of life known to man.

Now below that we don't find the fossil record of death and burial.

Pretty much the only thing we find down there are what we'd expect to find in typical calm and placid seas,

things like stromatolites.

And so stromatolites is a type of fossil, it's kind of a blue -green cyanobacteria, kind of an

algae mat that kind of grows on the surface of a rock, and this colony of algae live on top of the rock, and then some

sand or some mud gets washed over that rock, kind of buries that colony.

And then the colony kind of grows and propagates up through that sediment until it starts growing on top of there, and then more sand comes in.

So it basically makes this kind of pattern, this kind of layer cake pattern, if you will, of sand

and algae and sand and algae.

And so those are called stromatolites.

Now those are not necessarily the product or the result of death and burial or rapid fossilization like

we see with the rest of the sediments.

Those are formed in calm, placid seas at shoreline or near shoreline environments.

In fact, we have stromatolites forming today.

But you know what we don't have forming today, by and large?

A whole bunch of fossils, which is kind of a major mystery to a lot of geologists,

to a lot of evolutionary biologists.

And the reason for that is that when you look around the world, we would expect to find slow,

gradual fossils all throughout the world, and we would expect to find if the oceans produce the fossils.

And if that were the case, you know, like you might read in a park sign or somewhere else that would say, you know, the oceans moved across the

continents.

The oceans sat on top of the continents for millions of years.

Sea life lived there.

They spilled to the ocean floor, slowly buried particle by particle, sand grain by sand grain, slowly covered up, slowly buried,

slowly becoming fossils.

Well, if that's how fossils were formed, if fossils were formed in the oceans, then we should probably find fossils

in today's oceans.

Now, few people realize this.

We don't typically find fossils in today's oceans.

We don't find things even fossilizing or turning into fossils typically in today's oceans.

Where are all of our fossils found?

Well, not in the oceans.

They're found up on the continent, on the land.

And why is that?

Well, that's not how fossils are formed.

They're not formed in the oceans.

For something to become a fossil, it's not a slow process.

Things that die in the oceans today, you know, what happens when something dies in the ocean?

It floats, it bloats, it gets picked apart by scavengers, it gets eaten and consumed.

Even entire whale carcasses that may sink down to the bottom of the ocean floor.

Well, down there are tremendous scavengers.

There are crabs and other crustaceans and hagfish and eels that consume entire animals.

Even bones of whales have specialized feeders that consume them quickly.

We have clams that work their way up and down the seafloor mud, looking through that column of mud for any tiny piece of

microscopic food they can find.

The ocean is a pretty good recycler.

So things that die in the oceans today, they don't become fossils, they become food.

Rapidly eaten and consumed.

Likewise, a coyote that dies up here on the land, it's not going to become a fossil.

What happens to it?

It decomposes, it decays.

So again, fossilization is about rapid burial.

So the things are rapidly buried in a pretty good amount of mud or sediment so that they're kept out of reach of these scavengers

and kept in an oxygen -free or anaerobic environment so they don't naturally decay and decompose.

Now those kind of conditions are not happening in the world today, which is why we don't find fossils forming

in today's world.

However, those are the exact kind of conditions that we would expect to find from a global flood

of huge amounts of water moving across the landscape.

We have evidence within the rock record actually the currents of water were circling the globe over 100 miles an hour.

And not just water, but dirt, debris, and sediment.

The pre -flood world that was being pulverized and buzz sawed down and eroded.

All that dirt, debris, material moving across the continents.

Also being dragged by tsunami -like waves triggered from earthquakes, being dragged across the continents from

tidal action and flows.

I mean all kinds of stuff.

Only during a flood do we find the correct conditions for fossils to form.

So we look at this Cambrian explosion of life, if you will, and what we find again is not

truly an explosion of life, rather it's an explosion of death.

Death in a moment's notice.

When we look at the rock record, we can see from that Tapeats sandstone going all up fossils, fossils, fossils,

fossils.

It's a watery graveyard of that catastrophe.

Below that, no death and burial fossils.

Now these tilted angled rocks we believe are actually part of the pre -flood world.

Part of the world that existed from creation until the flood.

We have roughly 1600 years of time perhaps from creation until the flood began.

We have life that existed on the planet from creation right at the very beginning, but what we don't have during that

time is a massive amount of death and burial.

So we would not expect to find a huge amount of fossils in the pre -flood sediments for the very

same reason we don't find fossils forming today.

Again, only until we get to this flood do we have the conditions to create a fossil record, and it creates

that fossil record around the world.

This Cambrian explosion and the great unconformity, they coincide at

the exact same place, the exact same moment in time, and it is a worldwide physical feature.

Why do they call it the great unconformity?

Well not just because it's a big amount of erosion, but they call it the great unconformity also because it is a

huge massive worldwide physical feature.

Now if you have a worldwide physical feature, you must have had a worldwide mechanism

to do that.

When we can look at this Tapeats sandstone and we can say, hmm, this Tapeats sandstone is deposited by fast -moving water, that's a

worldwide fast -moving water event, you might call a flood.

So we'll talk a little bit more about some of these sediment layers, but again we find right here this Cambrian

explosion of life, again not an explosion of life, but an explosion of death.

So really what you might say is an explosion of erosion, an explosion of death

and burial coinciding at the exact same place, the exact same moment in time, and again worldwide.

Pretty amazing.

So I love that Tapeats sandstone.

We take a look at it, we can see that it not only tells us a lot about erosion in the Grand Canyon, it also tells us a lot about

fossils.

It tells us a lot about, you know, what evolution is and what it isn't.

One of my favorite things to do going over to England is to lead tours through museums like the

Natural History Museum here in London.

Now I am very fortunate to have a very beautiful wife and she comes from London, and so we go to back there every couple years, we

lead week -long London Christian tours through there, through the British museums.

We talk about archaeology, biblical archaeology, we go through the whole place of London talking about church history, and we go

through the Natural History Museum talking about creation and evolution, kind of comparing and contrasting those two models.

And so at the Natural History Museum, of course, you have this big marble statue of

Charles Darwin, you know, the father of modern -day evolutionary thought and ideas.

And when you walk into this building, it's actually, in my opinion, one of the most beautiful buildings, but it's very

telling of where they placed him and how they placed him.

You walk into, if you've been there to London, to the Natural History Museum, you'll see that Charles Darwin is kind of sitting opposite there in this

big grand marble throne, if you will, and greeting everybody.

It's almost like the king sitting upon his throne as you walk into this grand palace of evolution.

And Charles Darwin didn't used to sit there, actually.

He was actually moved there in the year of Darwin, so I think there was a, was it 2014, I think is when they

moved him, or 2000, no 2009, they moved him to that spot.

And they were going to have him there for only one year, but they eventually just kind of left him there, and so now he kind of guards over the whole

museum.

But this is a monument to evolution, if you will, this whole entire museum, this whole entire

place.

And in my opinion, we have a much bigger monument, a monument to catastrophe at the Grand

Canyon.

And so yeah, I love places like this museum here, and yes, Charles Darwin, you know, talks a lot about evolution,

talks a lot about this Cambrian explosion, even in his writings, but again, the

rather an explosion of death.

And rather than just seeing a hall built by man of stone, we get a chance to

work in a hall built by the king of kings and the lord of lords, this amazing Grand Canyon, which blows

natural history museums around the world out of the water, if you will.

No pun intended.

So anyhow, looking back here at the Cambrian explosion, the great unconformity, looking back down here, let's zoom back in once

again to this sandstone, and let's talk about it one more time.

So again, three evidences for a global flood, and I'm only highlighting this one little layer.

Now, we could talk about all the rest of this stuff.

There's tremendous evidence of all this stuff, but you know, if you want all the rest of the stuff, you got to come on a tour with us or come on a

river trip through the Grand Canyon or come on a backpacking trip.

We do all kinds of adventures here.

But this Tapeats sandstone, once again, when we examine it, and again, when we can determine that it was deposited by

fast -moving water, again, that is a fast -moving water event to

deposit it.

And if we can determine that, you know, fast -moving water event, you might call a flood.

If that was responsible for depositing the Tapeats sandstone, the next question we really need to ask is,

well, how far -reaching, how widespread is that Tapeats sandstone?

Because if we can determine that it was deposited by a flood at the bottom of the Grand Canyon, then

that is a pretty big flood event because this Tapeats sandstone covers the entirety of the Grand

Canyon, 277 miles that we can trace out this Tapeats sandstone.

And that's a pretty big flood event.

Now, what kind of flooding events do we see happening today that are blanketing the landscape by fast -moving water across

277 miles?

That's huge.

But let's continue talking about the extent of these sedimentary rock layers.

Kind of the third point that I have tonight, what is the extent of these sedimentary rock layers?

Again, when we can examine them, we can say, hmm, if we can determine just how far,

how widespread this Tapeats sandstone is, it kind of gives us a picture, an understanding of just how

big this flood event was.

So again, this Tapeats sandstone blankets the entire Grand Canyon of 277 miles.

Now, that's a pretty big flood, right?

However, what if I told you not only can we see this Tapeats sandstone covering the Grand Canyon, but it

blankets the entire state of Arizona?

Now, that's a really big flood event.

I mean, we don't typically have statewide floods happening today.

Again, sorry, Charles Lyell got it wrong.

The present is not the key to the past.

Nothing like that is happening in the present world.

But here we can see, you know, the Tapeats sandstone actually covers the entire state of Arizona.

That's a pretty big flood.

But what if I were to tell you guys that this Tapeats sandstone not only covers all of Arizona, it covers

basically the entire west throughout the Rockies.

The four corner states of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, Arizona sit on top of the same Tapeats sandstone.

That's a really big flood.

But wait, there's more.

Because thanks to things like oil drilling and core samples and things like that, we actually have a pretty good

understanding of just how far, how widespread, how far reaching this

fast -moving water event was that deposited the Tapeats sandstone.

Thanks to geological mapping, we can actually see that not only is the Tapeats sandstone found at the bottom of the Grand

Canyon, this very same layer of rock goes across the entire continent.

This yellow shows you the distribution of that Tapeats sandstone across the United States.

It actually goes further down into Mexico, it goes up into Canada, actually hooks around.

You can find all the way up in the Greenland actually.

Now looking at this, this Tapeats sandstone, again scientifically, geologically,

observationally, was deposited by fast -moving water.

So thinking about this one, just this one single place, this one single snapshot of time, if you will, this

one single event, shows us there was a continent -wide fast -moving water event.

Now I don't know what the exact definition that Webster gives for a flood, but I believe it has something to do with a lot of

fast -moving water, right?

So here we can see direct physical evidence of a continent -wide fast -moving water event.

Again, you might just simply say a flood.

Here we can see it across the United States, and in fact just last week I got the great opportunity of

visiting the great state of Illinois.

I spoke over there at three other creation science groups out there to the Midwest Creation Fellowship.

I also got a chance to lead a biblical archaeology and history tour through a museum there at

the University of Illinois at the Oriental Institute with my friend Ted Wright from Epic Archaeology, and a

great opportunity there.

And then we also got an opportunity the last night I was there, I got a chance to speak at Wheaton College to their

creation society group that they have and present basically the same talk that we're hearing tonight.

And they were amazed because they said, wait, here's our state.

Hmm, the same Grand Canyon layers we have over here are also underneath our feet tonight in Illinois.

And that is absolutely the case.

In fact, last year I also went to Chicago, but I also got a great chance to drive up to Wisconsin.

And some of you guys from the Midwest might be familiar with places like Baraboo, Wisconsin, or Sauk, Wisconsin,

or Devil's Lake State Park.

I love Devil's Lake.

Yeah, fantastic place.

So we're out there near Devil's Lake State Park last year and doing some geological work up there because at

Devil's Lake you actually have the very same Great Unconformity.

In fact, when you're there, if you're facing the lake from the main visitor area in the parking areas, if you start walking up the left -hand trail, it

kind of takes you up the cliff edges and about halfway up you encounter the same Great Unconformity.

And I was just amazed when I went out to there, I saw this Great Unconformity and I'm looking at, huh,

the exact same Tapeats sandstone equivalent that I see at the Grand Canyon.

I'm looking at the physical features of it, I'm like, this is Tapeats, I know exactly what this Tapeats looks like.

I've been through dozens and dozens of river trips to the Grand Canyon, spent nearly 900 tour days in the park

with folks nowadays, pretty familiar with this rock layer.

And yet I'm seeing the very same equivalent rock over in Illinois and in Wisconsin there at Devil's Lake

State Park.

And underneath it, the same purplish quartzite, the Baraboo quartzite that we have there, the same rounded rocks

are actually embedded in there.

And I'm looking at massive, you know, a washing machine sized boulders that have been plucked up,

rounded, and embedded within the beginning of that same Tapeats sandstone equivalent, the beginning of that

Sauk mega sequence.

I'm like, what in the world, what are my rocks from Arizona doing way over here?

It's amazing, I love it.

And so I got a chance to actually hike up there and explore for the whole afternoon and just amazing evidence that, yeah, the same

stuff we see, the same fast moving flood laid sedimentary deposits, are indeed a continent -wide

physical feature.

So friends, that tells us that there was a continent -wide flood.

But we're not done there, because it gets even bigger than that.

Not only can we trace the same Tapeats sandstone across North America, this very same

layer of rock goes all the way across North Africa.

It goes up into parts of Europe and into Asia, goes through southern Israel, through southern Jordan.

And for those of you who may have been to southern Jordan, there's a great sandstone city called Petra, which was

carved out by the Nabataeans over 2 ,000 years ago.

And Petra, we believe, is carved into the very same Tapeats sandstone equivalent that you see over there.

Anybody that goes to Israel, go to southern Israel, go to Timna National Park.

Nearby there, you actually have the same great unconformity.

There's geological features called Solomon's Pillars, and you can see they're made of the same Tapeats sandstone equivalent.

And below that, you can see the same crystalline basement rock.

And so, for example, comparing the geology of both those places, here you can see on the left -hand side is a

picture I took from Blacktail Canyon, Tapeats sandstone above.

The guy standing there with his arms holding on, touching the rock, the beginning of destruction, that is my great friend Dr. Danny

Faulkner from Answers in Genesis.

And he and I do a geology by day and astronomy by night river trip.

So Danny spent like 30 years in the astronomy department at the University of South Carolina at

Lancaster after he left there, now working with Answers in Genesis as their astronomer and doing a lot of research in that.

And so actually, one of my favorite trips of the entire year is with Danny because he's a fun guy.

And it is a great opportunity for us to get two great sciences in there, not just geology,

but at night Danny sets up his telescope and we use laser pointers and point out the stars and the constellations and look at the planets.

And so it's kind of the rock star tour, if you will.

It's fantastic and it's usually one of our first trips to fill up every year.

Our wait list for our river trips is about a year and a half long right now, just because so many people are trying to get into there.

But anyhow, if you look at this picture, you can see the Grand Canyon on the left and below there at the bottom, we're kind of standing right

at the Great Unconformity.

And then you can see over on the right hand side, a very similar geology over in Southern Israel.

And we have the same Great Unconformity, a massive erosional plain.

Now, we again can look at the same to Pete Sandstone and say, hey, this was deposited by fast moving

water.

And so tonight we've been talking about just that one layer of rock, but I would do

myself a disservice if I didn't mention Danny's favorite rock and my favorite rock layer actually, which is the

Redwall limestone.

And a beautiful rock layer you can see on the left and on the right.

This is a picture I took from a Redwall cavern.

And the Redwall limestone is another fantastic rock layer we can point out that we can see

deposited again by water on a global scale.

This Redwall limestone is one of the single thickest rock layers we have in the Grand Canyon.

And it is chock full of fossils, all sorts of fossils.

And we find crinoids in there.

We find corals in there.

We find brachiopods.

We find all kinds of stuff embedded within this limestone.

Now, here's an interesting thing about the fossils we find, especially in the Redwall and other limestones.

We find a lot of the fossils there.

Kaibab limestone up on the rim of the Grand Canyon.

We can take you there, show you fossils.

The interesting thing is the condition in which we find these fossils.

Now, coral is pretty strong in itself, right?

And if coral was buried slowly, particle by particle accumulation, then the

coral should be buried intact.

And when it gets re -exposed, it should still be intact.

You know, we should see a nice branching structure of coral.

But that's not how we find fossils around the world, especially not here in the Grand Canyon.

How we find these fossils is not nice and intact, but smashed and pulverized

and broken up.

In fact, most of the pieces of coral I'm looking at are no bigger than your thumb oftentimes.

They have been pulverized as if they were rapidly buried by tumultuous amounts of water.

We're talking about catastrophic burial.

You know, at the base of this Redwall limestone, we have about a six -foot bed called

the Whitmore layer.

We kind of call it the Whitmore nautiloid bed because we find a lot of nautiloids in there.

And Dr. Steve Austin, one of the great researchers, did a lot of creation geology work there, mapping out these

nautiloids across the Grand Canyon, all the way even to Las Vegas, and finding that there's a pretty good

trend of them oriented all in the same direction.

Now, they're all trending in one direction.

And so why in the world, how in the world, are they, you know, by and large, overall, the majority of them laying in the

same direction, unless they were deposited at the same time by currents of water.

And so here we're looking at this entire package of rocks deposited very, very rapidly.

There's a lot of other stuff we could talk about regarding this Redwall limestone.

We just don't have time for it tonight.

But it's a fantastic, beautiful layer.

And again, since Danny and I, that's kind of our favorite rock layer of the Grand Canyon, I can't do a Grand Canyon geology talk without

mentioning it.

But anyhow, when you look at the extent of these layers, this same Redwall limestone we see here, you can trace across to the eastern side of the United States.

That same Redwall limestone you can see in England, where my wife is from.

And I've done geology studies from southeastern England, all the way to near the border of Scotland, looking at the various rock layers and things.

You can see that same Redwall limestone over there.

And I've even heard it said that the Redwall limestone makes a part of the Himalayan mountain range on the other side of the

earth.

So if you think about it, to get the same dirt from here to there must require a big, massive water event.

Especially we can see that it was deposited by water.

So the extent of these sedimentary rock layers that we see, not only at

the Grand Canyon, but these rock layers we see around the world, to me shows us that there really truly was a

worldwide global flood event.

And that again is just talking about one single rock layer, just mainly that Tapeats sandstone.

So again, the great unconformity, huge amount of erosion, coinciding an explosion of

erosion, coinciding with the Cambrian explosion of death, really.

Both of those things, the same place, same snapshot in time, if you will.

And again, found worldwide the extent of that layer.

To me, just that one layer alone, if you were to ask me what is your favorite evidence that there really was a global flood, what is the one thing

that you might point to?

I point people to the Tapeats sandstone.

It is the beginning of the flood, and that layer goes around the world.

And so we believe that that was beginning stages of that flood event.

Worldwide, fast moving water, catastrophic event.

And so really, in the short time that we have, quickly just flood geology, three rock solid

evidences for a global flood event.

Now, I think we got a little bit more time, so I'm going to briefly just share a couple things, and then we can open

up to some questions here in a moment.

But looking at the Grand Canyon, we believe that the layers were deposited by and large during the flood, at least the flat

-lying horizontal sedimentary rocks that we see, they were deposited by the flood.

But then what in the world formed the Grand Canyon?

That's the other big question that we get.

What happened to form Grand Canyon itself?

And we get this question oftentimes, of course, it's something we talk about on all of our tours.

Now, most creation geologists that work and study and live around the Grand Canyon and have spent many years of their lives

studying and rafting through the Grand Canyon, in fact, every creation geologist that I know has spent multiple years in around here and done

dozens and dozens of river trips to the Grand Canyon, hold to that the canyon was formed catastrophically

after the flood in Noah's day by a big massive amount of water spilling through here, a big lake

breach dam, if you will, spilling through.

And so it's actually part of the research project I've been working on for about three years now, and had the opportunities last year

to continue working with Dr. Steve Austin in doing some field work, studying this whole landscape.

And basically, when you look at a big map, if you were to look here, kind of Grand Canyon is right here, Flagstaff is

down here, you can look in a map, you can actually use software that actually maps terrain levels,

and we can see that there's actually an open basin that used to house a massive large lake system.

And so when you plug in the software, there's actually a software I'm using when I created this, you literally just say, throw me water at an

elevation, and it fills in a massive lake system, and a big huge lake system that actually would be

contained or held in the Colorado Plateau.

Now the Colorado Plateau is not exactly flat, the Colorado Plateau is actually shaped like a giant bowl.

And so here you can see this big kind of yellow section I'd colored in, this shows you the kind of part of the Colorado

Plateau, and a big rim of mountains go all around it.

And if you, even today, if you dammed up the Grand Canyon and stopped all the Colorado River flowing through here, it would actually back

up and fill a massive lake system just like this.

We've actually done the software simulations to see this, and not only that, but when you go and examine where the lakes used to

be, for example Hopi Lake, which is right down here, oftentimes referred to as Hopi Lake, going back to the

1930s.

But going back to the 1800s, this massive lake basin was actually identified by John S.

Newberry as a big massive lake basin, and he proposed, all the way back in the 1800s,

geologists were proposing that the Grand Canyon was actually formed by a catastrophic amount of water spilling through there.

And so they were talking about this lake since the 1800s, all the way to the present day.

Nowadays we got guys like Dr. John Douglas, one of our state geologists, and as far as I know, not a creationist, but

talking about this lake system having to do with spillover in the Grand Canyon, lake spillover or breach dam.

And when you look at this massive lake system, we're talking about a lake that was thousands of cubic miles in

size when you put them all together.

And you can actually fill water in this lake basin up to right around 6 ,700 feet in

elevation before it would actually spill out of the bowl.

And so you have a giant bowl -shaped plateau, you fill it with water, and naturally water is going to collect in the middle of that bowl.

And so then that water, if it continues rising up and filling up and up and up, this water would eventually spill

over the rim of the plateau, over the rim of the bowl, wherever one of the low points would be.

And back then when it did spill over, we believe, it was actually the lowest point happened to be where the Grand Canyon is today.

So a giant bowl of water would naturally spill over, and when you spill a bowl of water, or spill water beyond its

capacity, it begins to carve through an earthen dam, begins to carve through the wall of this dam.

And so this is how we see Grand Canyon formed.

A secondary flood, if you will, after the flood in Noah's day.

And some of the research that I've been doing and involved with, and I'll have a link out soon, I'm working on this.

Andrew Snelling keeps trying to get me to get it done, and I keep telling him, I know, I know, because we're going to get that in Answers Research Journal.

But trying to get this whole lake thing put together, a lot of research in the field.

And so what we see is this massive body of water, thousands of cubic miles spilled through here.

And so my primary area of research has been this kind of Hopi Lake, or Lake Bittahochee area,

that you would see because it's close to Flagstaff, which is right to the left of it.

So I live here, so I can go and examine here.

And when we take a look at Hopi Lake, what we actually find is not only, you know, with the

terrain level lines, things like that, not only can we see that actually this basin would have held water, and you can actually see erosional

features at a certain water level mark, we also find a freshwater mud bottom deposit in

this lake basin.

Freshwater, we know because it contains freshwater mollusks, and the geology shows us that it was actually freshwater as well.

Now this freshwater mud bottom deposit is found in the form of greenish looking clays, which are actually pretty

important because greenish clays are indicative of deep water environments in which they're formed.

Not a lot of oxidation deep down there.

So not only do we find freshwater mollusks in here, we also find nearby here, and on the shore's edges, especially down

here by Taylor, we actually find tundra swan tracks and tundra swan bones.

Now thinking about that, tundra swans, where do tundra swans typically live and breed?

In the tundra, way far north in the cold places.

So what are they doing way down here?

Well, we believe this lake existed into the ice age, and so during the ice age, of course, the climate would be colder down

here.

We know that also because we actually have fossilized ice casts, so ice crystals that formed on the edge of

this lake that actually had been created a fossil imprint, and those fossils were actually just about two miles down

the road from me over at the Museum of Northern Arizona.

So fossil tundra swans, trackways, fossil fish that we find in here, all kinds of stuff that indicates and shows us this

was a post -flood lake system that existed into the ice age, and our best estimates is that this

actually probably filled up and breached to form the Grand Canyon at the end of the ice age.

And so this research is actually still ongoing, great, fantastic research.

There's a few new things that I'm not even going to share yet because we're actually going to be waiting until we can publish and get it out there, but

it's a paper and project that is exciting going on.

Creation Geology is still studying it, and so it was actually the talk that Dr. Austin just recently gave at

this year's Creation Geology Society gathering based upon the research that Steve, Austin, and I along

with Edmund Holroyd and Tom Foulkes.

And so we're still continually researching this landscape in this area to say, yeah, does Hopi Lake hold water?

Absolutely.

And in fact, among geologists and a lot of other tour guides that even work for other companies at the Grand Canyon, I've

heard that this is becoming a growing idea among geology.

Even secular geologists that I personally know are looking at this idea saying, you know, maybe that lake

system, maybe that whole idea does hold water.

There's a good pun for you.

And so absolutely, we believe this Grand Canyon was a product of a catastrophic amount of water spilling through here rapidly, forming the Grand

Canyon.

Catastrophically, a lot of water in a little bit of time did this, we would say.

Not a long time and a little bit of water.

And so what we typically say is that there's a canyon here, not because there's a river

down below, but there's a river down below because there is a canyon.

And that's pretty much, I think, all the time I have for tonight.

The actual lake carving is a whole different talk.

We could do a different night and actually have some physical samples of rocks that we can even showcase the evidence of that lake.

But anyhow, come out for a river trip with us.

Come on a RIM tour.

We'd love to see you.

Again, daily tours of the Grand Canyon, sunset tours, morning tours.

We even do a triple park tour where we not only visit Grand Canyon, we go to other beautiful landscapes where we visit Native American

Indian ruins that are nearly a thousand years old.

We go visit volcanoes that erupted a thousand years ago.

And then of course daily, those daily tours, daily hikes into the Grand Canyon and multi -day backpacking trips,

anywhere from three to sometimes five days in length.

And then like I said, four to seven or nine day whitewater rafting trips through the Grand Canyon.

It's spectacular.

It's a lot of fun.

Hope you guys come out and see this amazing landscape that God has given us.

There's so much to see, so much to share, and so much ongoing research in the field of creation geology that's

still going on.

So I know I've shared a lot, and I shared a lot of a firehose version of geology, if you will, because I know it spoke quickly.

But I'm gonna stop my screen here, I believe, and I'll give you guys a chance to ask some questions if you have.

And I think even on the chat thing, we can do that too.

So let me stop this.

Briefly.

My first question is, you said you would come back and do another talk?

I can do lots of talks.

We can do this, we can do biblical archaeology, we can do...

Oh, your photos are amazing.

Yeah, no, this was awesome.

So there are some questions.

I'm going to, I gotta dig up my chat again here.

Where did the chat go?

Oh, there it is.

I usually let Terry do this.

Yeah, no problem.

Okay, so Rachel is our regular, and she lives in England.

She comes from England, and she's saying, being from England myself, just wondering what part

Nate has been to in southeast England, White Cliffs?

There are a lot of.

Cliffs along the south coast.

Absolutely, yeah.

I've been to Dover multiple times.

We actually have family that live in Deal, which is right there by Dover.

So every time we go back, we're always visiting Deal.

And then trying to remember where my wife's grandmother lives, somewhere along the

north of Deal.

And so actually this Christmas, we're going back for December and beginning of January, we're going to London and then

going to Canterbury for Christmas.

And so all of her family can be joining us for a Canterbury Christmas.

That'll be a lot of fun.

So I've been all over there.

We've done, you know, we've taken trains all around the country, down to Portsmouth and Brighton.

We've gone up north, all the way up to Edinburgh.

We've got some friends up there, so we've got a great place to stay.

We've gone up to the Highlands, gone up to look for Loch Ness Monster.

Hey, did you find the Loch Ness Monster?

No, we tried.

My kids were looking, and you know, they were disappointed.

But beautiful country, beautiful landscape.

It's really our second home.

So we've kind of been all over.

But we haven't gone to Wales yet.

We've gone Scotland, Ireland.

We've all over southeastern England, especially along the east coast, but haven't got too much to the.

West side.

So next time.

All right, thank you for that.

Oh, and Rachel says she was born in Deal.

Oh, born in Deal.

All right.

So you're probably familiar with, I think, Great Mongeon or Mongeonham, as I pronounce it.

Anyhow, my wife's aunt lives literally right next to the churchyard at Great Mongeon Church.

Her house borders the actual old cemetery.

And every now and then, whenever she's working in the backyard, they're digging up old graveyard tombstones, you know, gravestones, and

pretty neat history.

What was her last name?

The grandma's last name?

Oh, Matthews.

Sorry, you're breaking up.

Oh, so yeah.

And do I sound okay now?

Yes.

Okay.

And then Carolyn, another regular, asks, why isn't the Great Unconformity seen

everywhere in the world since the flood was worldwide?

And I think that kind of ties in with a question that I have with,

in that flood map, there's white and yellow, and the yellow is the tepid, but what is the white?

So Carolyn's asking, why don't we see the unconfirmity worldwide?

And I'm wondering if it has something to do with the yellow and white map.

That's a great question.

I'm going to share my screen again, I think.

Let's see here if I can pull this back up, because I just pulled that picture back up once again.

So let me hit the right button.

And okay, can you see it now?

Yes.

Okay.

Yeah, that's, there we go.

So here's the picture.

And so the question, and we get this a lot of times, you know, if this is a peat sandstone, first of all, why don't we have to peat sandstone

everywhere?

To answer that, we believe that it was deposited everywhere initially at the onset of the flood.

But then what we see is later on, as the flood is receding from day 150, water is

rushing off the continents, and it's draining toward the ocean basins.

And so what happens is the landscape is actually being beveled, it's being sheared off down to river, I mean, down to

water level, down to the ocean level.

And so what's happening is that the peat sandstone that was deposited in the central areas of the continents,

water running off the continents is eroding down below that oftentimes, or washing it away.

Or during the flood, you know, the breakup, there's currents moving back and forth.

So it basically washes away, and especially where we see, you know, the continental margins, that's where we're missing it, by and

large.

We're also missing it kind of right here in the central area.

And this is what we believe happened when there were actually glaciers that moved down from the north, the glacial

activity actually scoured down in some places down to bedrock.

And then also deposited other sediments on top of that and things like that.

But we don't, we see it forming initially.

And that's the reason why we would have it from North America all the way across through Africa and continually on.

It deposits across here when these continents are actually together at the initial stages of the flood, then broken

apart and moving, separating, not by a slow continental drift over millions of years, but more like continental

sprint.

And so this is really just the one sandstone, sandstone layer, Tepete sandstone.

Why don't we have it deposited everywhere?

Well, first of all, we haven't fully mapped out all of this.

Great research geologist, Dr. Tim Clary with Institute for Creation Research has actually been doing a lot of mapping of

sedimentary rock layers and mega sequences, fantastic, probably the best mind on the planet in my opinion for that.

But they're still mapping out areas, you know, we don't have the entire world mapped out yet geologically, especially

what's deep down.

Because fortunately, the Grand Canyon, we have a mile deep cut that exposes it, you know, over there in Baraboo, we can, you know, see it, but

many places this sediment is far beneath your feet, hundreds to thousands of feet

below you.

And so only through core samples and then bringing them up and matching them up and geological work, can we actually kind of really help

put together the big picture view.

And currently, I believe Tim Clary is working on mapping places in Asia.

So I'm excited to see what the ongoing research is that shows perhaps maybe we will have the same Tapeat sandstone in Asia.

But the other factor too is, we look at the Tapeat sandstone, it's a unique signature sedimentary

rock layer, it's a unique sandstone.

And the reason for that, we can tell because of the physical and chemical composition that it's the same sandstone.

But if you don't have enough starting material, you're not going to be able to evenly distribute it across the

planet.

Kind of like when you're making a peanut butter and jelly sandwich, right?

If you get a big old scoop of peanut butter on that knife, you can begin to carry it across that bread.

But eventually that peanut butter wears thin, and eventually it runs out.

And then you would lay down a layer of jelly, maybe on top of that.

And if you don't get peanut butter along the entire piece of bread, well, when the next stuff gets deposited on top of

brought in like that jelly, you might have jelly sitting on top of bread, or you might have peanut butter sitting on top of bread.

Really, it depends on how much starting material you have, as far as how much can be distributed.

So this at least shows us some of what we know.

And we don't know everywhere yet.

We haven't done all the sampling yet.

But this shows us at least some of what we know about the distribution of the Tapeats sandstone.

And again, it also, we help, we see and understand that without the same material everywhere, you're going to

eventually run out.

And then also other events during the flood, near the end of the flood are washing off material that would initially have been

deposited.

So hopefully that helps.

Answer that in a long answer.

Yeah, no, that was good.

And I hope you hope you got that Carolyn.

Okay, Bob are another regular.

Since the pre flood layers of the Grand Canyon are below the great unconformity, what do you suppose

caused them to be tilted before even the first the flood

layers were deposited?

Typically creationists suppose the mountains.

Okay,.

So you you know what he's saying?

Absolutely.

Yeah, we get this all the time, too.

So we believe that the the pre flood super group, we tend to call it, we believe that those layers were tilted at the

beginning of the flood, probably when the fountains of the great deeper breaking forth.

We understand that by and large as a major tectonic event to an upheaval of the

continents even in places.

And so we believe that initially, you know, the law of, you know, superposition basically would say that these layers were deposited

flat and horizontal.

And at the beginning of the flood that they were tilted up and probably broken up.

And interestingly, what we see at the Grand Canyon, as far as what was there in the pre flood world,

the best evidence that we're looking at is that this was a probably pre flood ocean floor.

So standing on the rim of the Grand Canyon in Arizona, probably a pre flood ocean floor, and actually probably a nearshore environment.

And that those continental margins, especially, we would have a breakup, we'd have tilting and fault lines and

thrust up.

And we understand that there was probably a really good catastrophic plate tectonics, if you will,

which is a great model and helping us understand the flood, the mechanisms of the flood, where that water came from, where the water

went to guys like Dr. John Baumgartner, fantastic studies, modeling and mapping out

things like this catastrophic plate tectonics.

But yeah, we believe they were tilted up probably at the beginning of the flood during the initial right.

At the beginning phases of this flood event.

I gotta say, Baumgartner is a little dry.

You're very, very easy to listen to.

Oh, well, thank you.

We've listened to a lot of John Baumgartner.

So actually, Rob Langsdorf is always asking us to maybe get him to talk.

Yeah.

Yeah.

Oh, yeah.

He.

Can talk circles around me.

He's very knowledgeable.

Absolutely.

But you're a little easier to listen.

To.

Oh, knock on Mr. Baumgartner.

Mark Cover, who was a former speaker of ours.

I know, Mark.

Yes, he is.

It seems like you guys do know each other.

He says Tim Clary is truly a rock star.

I think somebody's being punny.

I love it.

From ICR.

And God sovereignty used his name in the corporate world to give him access to this data.

That's awesome.

And that brings me to another question in Facebook.

Pam asks, Do you have a good working relationship with the secular guides?

And how resistant are they to hearing you?

You know, I actually we do have a really good.

Relationship with a lot of the secular tour company guides up there.

You know, because we've been up there for a long time.

I mean, we've had a presence in the Grand Canyon, like I said, for over 25 years now.

And we also want to maintain good working relationships, because yeah, we might have a different perspective about

things like the Grand Canyon, the geology, the history of the past.

But we work together.

It's like family, you know.

And so I am very purposeful in maintaining good relationships with other tour guides, saying hi to them,

talking to them.

Oftentimes those conversations start because I'm at an overlook, talking about the Grand Canyon to my group, and I see another, you know, company

pull up.

And, you know, we got Pink Jeep Tours, which is a fantastic company up there.

And we'll see them kind of pull up to the same overlook.

And I see them start to unload.

They're kind of walking our way.

And I'll intentionally, even if I'm not quite done yet, I'll intentionally try to wrap up what I'm saying, so that as they're walking up, they don't have to like

stand back there and wait, or just try to find the second best place.

So I'll say something like, hey, so we're going to wrap up right now.

We're going to let our friend from Pink Jeep come on in here.

Come on in, you guys.

And hey, how's it going?

And so that brief 30 second conversation, I might see the exact same guide later on down the road at another overlook.

And they might say, hey, man, thanks for letting us come in there.

You know, we could have waited and said, no, no, no.

I want you guys to have your guests to be able to see this too.

And we have conversations that may only be, you know, a few seconds to a few minutes long, but enough times that we're out there, I

mean, daily, like I said, with hundreds and hundreds of tours a year, we see the same guides.

And so it's important to us that we maintain relationships because first of all, we want to be friendly people because it's, you know, a good way to

work.

And second, we want to show the love of Christ to people.

And so I have a witness.

Yeah.

It's a witnessing way too.

And I've been personally asked multiple times by tour companies at the Grand Canyon to actually go and present the

creation message, the creation perspective of the Grand Canyon to their entire guide team.

Oh, that's awesome.

Yeah.

And that, that was really brought about because, you know, our friendliness, you know, they can realize, yeah, we might have a different perspective, but

we're not all that weird.

You know, we can actually be normal everyday people.

And what I tell them is I say, there's so much more that brings us together about a place like the Grand Canyon than what

separates us.

You know, we all love the Grand Canyon.

We love the stories.

We love showing people the things that we love.

And so that can bring us together.

And yeah, we might have a different perspective.

What do I like to say when I go to those talks and I'm going to give those presentations to other tour companies, as I say, I'm not really here to

give a presentation.

I'm here to have a conversation.

And so I give out my business card with my personal cell phone number and email address all the time to guides or just random

people up at the tour on the rim that aren't even part of our tour and say, Hey, if you're in Flagstaff, I would love to

continue this conversation.

I'll buy you lunch.

We'll buy you coffee.

We'll hang out.

And it's been really great over the years.

And so I've gotten to know park Rangers up there.

I personally know park Rangers that have actually come in and listen to the talks we're giving along the rim.

I've had other tour guides come and listen.

And we've had dozens and dozens of people who just listening overhear us and come move a little bit closer and start listening

more.

And so it's not uncommon to start a talk with maybe five or six people in your group.

And by the time you're done talking, you've got 20 people standing around listening.

And so it allows us to be a voice in the wilderness, if you will, you know, a literal wilderness,

right?

Surrounded by a place like the Grand Canyon.

So yeah, great relationship with the tour.

And we also offer, we give free tours to anybody that works in the Grand Canyon National Park,

whether they're a tour guide, a park Ranger, or somebody that washes dishes at Maswick Lodge.

If you working at the Grand Canyon, we want to give you a free tour because we want to bless you.

And so we, you know, if we have a tour running that day, it doesn't hurt us to have, you know, open seats so we can throw somebody on.

And so we provide free tours so people can hear that perspective and, you know, ask those questions,.

You know, so we're definitely open to that.

Excellent.

I have a also Brenda Malone says, Hello, Nate, David.

Yeah, we go.

And Elia Rollins says the same thing.

They say hi, we love their homeschoolers.

And then we have Jeff, the geologist, one of our regulars asking,

how do we find out about your Jeff, I was going to get him do this at the end.

He's asking, how do we find out about your Grand Canyon trips?

Yeah, all of our stuff is online on our website.

That's the main thing, our source of information, booking reservations, all of that.

Canyon ministries .org.

If you go there, you'll find it all or simply just Google Grand Canyon Christian tour, Grand Canyon creation tour, Grand Canyon ministry,

any of those things you Google at any time, you're going to find us will be the first ones there.

We're actually believe it or not, we are rated right now number one out of 52 outdoor

activities at Grand Canyon National Park on tripadvisor .com.

So we are the number one rated outdoor activity at Grand Canyon National Park.

So a lot of people find out through TripAdvisor, through Viator too, people that might not even know about us.

But if you just Google Grand Canyon creation tour, Grand Canyon Christian ministry, you'll find us or canyon ministries .org.

Yeah, great way to connect with us there.

We also have resources, we're developing new videos, new downloadable teaching material, new Bible study material.

So we're working to develop a lot new, a lot of new resources and stuff too.

I had a few of my own,.

Mark, I think we answered your question when he was talking about those guides.

Rob, another regular says what, okay, he's asking what caused Hopi Lake to cut through the

canyon?

But before you answer that, a question I had about the Hopi

Lake thing is nobody ever saw a lake there, right?

We're taking that on faith and evidence that we see.

Not necessarily.

So we do.

Find direct physical geological evidence for the lake.

And some of that I can't even share yet because it's actually still being researched.

We've got some samples that we're hoping to send off from some strontium isotope testing on it.

But anyhow, just pretty good physical evidence.

But interestingly enough, there's stories of every native group around here, the Havasupai, the Hualapai, the

Hopi, the Paiute, all these groups, they talk and believe the Grand Canyon was formed by a catastrophic amount

of water.

Now I've heard it said that one of those groups, one of the early groups that arrived here, and I can't remember if it was the

Havasupai or the Hualapai, one of those groups, I believe it's one of those groups, I may be mistaken, but they talk about one of

the earliest stories of their arrival to the Grand Canyon area.

And they say that they came down to this area and they found a massive, huge lake, a lake

so big that it would take days to be able to get across basically is what they say.

They lived around the shores of this big beautiful lake and when they were living there, it was like the perfect place to live and it

was beautiful.

And you think lake, there's no real lakes around here nowadays except for the two we've recently made, Lake Powell, Lake Mead.

You know, they talk about this big lake and what they say is that one day the ground began to shake and there

was a terrible sound heard within the skies.

They say that the mouth of the earth opened up and swallowed up all that water so that where

there was a big lake, now there was a Grand Canyon and it appeared to them that the earth literally opened up

and swallowed the water.

And if you think about it, if they were actually eyewitnesses to this whole event of a breach dam lake spillover,

they could have been eyewitnesses to this event take place and it would seem to them that the earth swallowed it up.

Now in reality, the water spilling through, carving this escape route, carving the Grand Canyon, water going down into the

canyon would be ejected hundreds of miles away to the west.

In fact, many geologists believe that the LA Basin sits on top of Grand Canyon sediments.

It's in their secular literature.

You can actually trace the same sediment layers from the Grand Canyon, parts of the Mojave Desert and the Anza Borrego Desert

by Southern California.

So this water would be ejected far to the west, but standing there or nearby, it would appear to you that we had a huge lake and

now all of a sudden, right where it was, there's a massive canyon.

So Robin, we could actually have had an eyewitness account to the actual breach dam, which

makes sense because when we place it from the research we're doing now, which is actually ongoing and new research, but it's actually

placing the breach event near the end of the ice age.

We actually see a rapid increase in sediment deposits in this Bittahochee lake bed formation

right at the very end of it when the whole thing began to breach.

We look at that evidence and we interpret that as being that's melting glacial water, glacial runoff from

Colorado and Utah coming down.

It introduces a whole new water system from the upper Colorado River Basin into this lower lake

basin area.

We can even see the evidence of that with fish fossils and things like that, but we place the timing of that near the end of the ice age, which actually

is perfect timing for people living here, migrating from the Tower of Babel across the Bering Strait

land bridge into North America, settling down and it came down here, big beautiful lake.

Seems to be that maybe there were eyewitnesses to this, just like there are eyewitnesses we believe to the global flood of course and

stories we have passed on in cultures around the world from those eight people that went through the flood and came off the ark

and why we have global flood stories around the world.

Well, I think that maybe Native Americans were actually witnessed, were here to witness, maybe even the Grand Canyon Formation.

Every tribe, again, every tribe in this area believe the Grand Canyon was formed catastrophically by a.

Flooding event.

Yeah, that's, I've been wanting to, and I think that answers your question, Rob, that it was an earthquake.

Sorry for my coughing.

Perhaps, yeah, so Rob's question, you know, what caused Hopi.

Lake to cut through the canyon the way it did?

Was it an earthquake fault?

That's a great question and truthfully, we don't know yet.

There are multiple, multiple explanations on how it could happen.

It could happen simply by spillover.

We have evidence that there's actually tectonic uplift called isostatic rebound that happened with the

Kaibab Plateau so that when the canyon was carved, the entire Kaibab Plateau on the north rim side actually

tilted up, making the north rim of the Grand Canyon a little bit higher and actually pushed down the back end of that plateau

further down where you see above the Grand Canyon actually lowering that landscape, but when it was flat or intact,

it would actually would have been one of the lowest points.

In fact, the lowest point along the entire Colorado Plateau is actually where we have the Grand Canyon carve, so it could

simply have been spillover that initiated a little bit of water spilling through.

A little bit of water causes a little bit of erosion, which releases more water, and then more water, more erosion, more erosion,

more water.

Pretty soon, you end up with a catastrophic exponential runaway process, so it could have simply been by

spillover.

That's one way.

It could have also been by an earthquake, some tectonic fracturing that maybe caused liquefaction

to the wall and water started to travel through.

Other ideas, maybe there was actually some dissolving of the limestone that we see there, so some karst

formations and maybe starting off as a spring that triggered some water movement, some tunneling through there that actually started to release

water.

Any one of these three mechanisms have the power to create the canyon, create the breach, or

maybe it was actually the eruption of these big volcanoes we see down in the Hopi Buttes area.

These volcanoes have physical evidence that they erupted into this lake basin, and of course, a big volcanic eruption

causes tsunami -like waves.

Dr. John Whitmore and I were out there.

I took him to Hopi Buttes for the first time out.

He'd not gone out there, but he brought his geology students from Cedarville, and we did a whole field trip out to the Hopi Buttes, and I was showing him

some of the geology and the evidence, and he's looking at these volcanoes and saying, these volcanoes are huge, and you look straight across the

entire landscape, and there's the beginning where the Grand Canyon is, and he's saying, hey, if this volcano erupted in this lake, it's going to

trigger a tsunami wave.

Washing up and over there.

I'm going to stop you right here, so we can pray to close, and I can shut off the recording, and then we

can chat afterwards, but if the recording gets too long, you know,

that kind of thing, so tell us where we can find you again.

Yeah, canyonministries .org,.

Or again, if you can't remember that name, just google Grand Canyon Creation Tour, Grand Canyon Christian Tour, Grand Canyon Ministry, whatever it is.

You can find information about our tours, our river trips, our backpacking opportunities, Grand Canyon Creation Adventures,

basically, that we create memories that last beyond a lifetime, you know, for eternity, you might say,

and all of our tours are creation -based with a biblical message, and that's what we've been doing, like I said, for 25 years,

for, you know, 3 ,000 people a year now, so it's exciting there.

That's amazing, and again, we're Creation Fellowship.

You can find us at tinyurl .com forward

slash cfsante, s -a -n -t -e -e, and

that'll give you all the links.

You can re -watch this program on any of our video platforms or on our Facebook Live, so

we're going to shut this off, and then we'll be a lot less formal.