Apologetics, Polemics & Justin Martyr

Polemics, from the Greek word meaning war, refers to theological disputation or debate.

It speaks of contending for the truth in the face of internal attack from false teaching.

Apologetics refers to a defense of the faith in the face of external attack.

Justin Martyr, I think, was considered, if not the first, one of the early

Christian apologists. Okay, so we're going to continue with the book

Forerunners of the Faith. This is lesson number four, which is titled

Contending for the Faith, Contending for the Faith. When you hear that statement, what book of the

Bible do you think of? Jude. Jude. Okay, so let's turn to Jude.

Of course, there's only one chapter in Jude, but that's where you get this term, contending or fighting for the faith, depending how it's translated.

We're going to be looking at, in this lesson, Justin Martyr, Irenaeus, and the

Pre -Nicene Church. So this is a period, at least what

I'm looking at on the paper, from about 150 AD to 253

AD. Jude, like I said, only one chapter, but look at verses three and four.

Jude, who we believe is most likely the half -brother of Jesus, he writes, for I rejoiced greatly when brethren came and ...

Wait, I'm reading from 3 John, never mind. I had that turned to the wrong page.

Jude three and four. Jude writes, beloved, while I was very diligent to write to you concerning our common salvation,

I found it necessary to write to you exhorting you to contend earnestly for the faith which was once for all delivered to the saints.

For certain men have crept in unnoticed, who long ago were marked out for this condemnation, ungodly men who turn the grace of our

God into lewdness and deny the only Lord God and our

Lord Jesus Christ. The introduction says this, from the very beginning, the church had faced threats from both without and within.

Externally, the church has endured opposition and persecution from both proponents of false religion and hostile governments.

Internally, however, the church has been threatened by who or what? False teachers.

They claim to be part of the church, but promote doctrines or practices that are antithetical to genuine

Christianity. So you have the threats from the outside, like you said, hostile governments, all sorts of different threats.

But I think the threats from the inside are much more dangerous. And these are the false teachers who, as Jude says later, you know, they crept in unaware.

So when they first come in, they say they believe in Jesus. They look like Christians, but Jesus called them, you know, wolves in sheep's clothing.

So they appear to be sheep, but it turns out that's not the case. And that's revealed at some point.

So the book says God has always raised up leaders in the church to respond on both fronts.

So the threats from outside and within the word, the first thing you had to fill in, in your book, the word is what this comes from a

Greek term, meaning legal defense begins with an a apologetics, right?

I, you know, I, people are going to stop laughing at this at some point, but you know, apologetics is not someone who apologizes for their faith, right?

I'm sorry. I'm a Christian. Just please forgive me. That's not what apologetics is still getting a few laughs.

So I'll probably say it next time too, but apologetics is not that apologetics means to defend the faith or make a legal defense.

That's where the word comes from. So apologetics refers to a defense of the faith in the face of external attack.

First Peter three, 14 and 15. Let's turn there. If you would first Peter three, 14 and 15 is a key passage in this regard.

Okay. So you've heard of apologetics ministries, right? Name a apologetics ministry or two that you're familiar with.

Josh McDowell. Josh McDowell. Okay. Maybe. I'm not, I guess I'm not as familiar with him. Uh, I think, uh, yeah, yeah, there,

I mean, there's a lot, uh, Frank Turek is one of the more well -known, uh, apologists and he came around here years ago.

I remember he spoke at the Turner's falls, uh, high school and did a great job, Frank Turek.

And there's a few other Norman Geisler was, uh, uh, a big name apologists back in the day.

And I heard he spoke at this. Can any of the old people have been members here a long time?

Can anyone confirm that the Norman Geisler speak here? Does someone remember that Barbara was at UMass.

Okay. All right. Maybe someone from the church put them up for the night, but I remember Norman Geisler, people talking about him coming to town.

So all these different apologetics ministries, and it's a very necessary that people do this.

Look at first Peter three, 14 and 15 says, do not fear their intimidation and do not be troubled, but sanctify

Christ as Lord in your hearts and always be ready to make a defense to everyone who asks you to give an account for the hope that is in you yet do it with gentleness and reverence.

So Peter says, what always be ready to give a response, to give a reply.

And that is apologetics. Larry would fall into that category with the park adventure, you know, kind of using history, right?

Right. Who's familiar with Ken Ham and you know, they have the arc encounter and answers in Genesis, right?

That's the name of the ministry. I mean, I would consider that an apologetics ministry. I don't know if he does officially, but yeah, we know in the public schools and just in, you know,

Western civilization or all over the world now, you know, evolution is taught. And even, even people in churches, when they read

Genesis and God created the heavens and the earth in six days and well, you know, it can't actually mean six days or this idea of a young earth.

Ken Ham takes all of that. And he has a, he has a reply. He has a biblical defense of why no, actually that that's what it says and that's what it means.

So I would consider that apologetics ministry. Yes. Can I recommend a book is

Genesis history. I think it's Dell, Dell tacket,

Dell tacket. Okay. Is Genesis history really good apologetics?

Is Genesis history. I haven't read that one. So we see that first term apologetics.

Okay. And Justin Martyr, I think was considered, if not the first, one of the early

Christian apologists. So taking what people say in the name of God, comparing it to the word of God, and here's why what they're saying is wrong.

And here's what's right according to scripture. So apologetics is one word. I think we're all familiar with that within Christianity apologetics ministries.

Here's another word begins with a P what is it? Polemics. Okay.

Now polemics, you don't hear as much about. So polemics is a

Greek word meaning war. Okay. If you listen to someone who has a polemical approach or a polemics ministry,

I mean, yeah, they are at war with the, the, the false teachers and, you know, what did

Jude say, you know, earnestly contend for the faith and contend means to battle, to fight.

So it puts a lot of people off because, you know, depending on someone's tone of voice and does depend on what they say, obviously, and are they right, but, you know, polemical a polemical approach is often, you know, not received well, but it's been going on ever since the early days of the church.

And you could argue the prophets engaged in polemical speech as well. I think of Elijah in particular, but polemics from the

Greek word meaning war refers to theological disputation or debate.

It speaks of contending for the truth in the face of internal attack from false teaching.

A key verse in this regard is second Corinthians 10 five. So you don't have to turn there.

It's just one verse. We'll quote quote from in a moment where the apostle Paul talks about casting down the false arguments of his opponents.

So second Corinthians 10 five says we are destroying speculations and every lofty thing raised up against the knowledge of God.

And we are taking every thought captive to the obedience of Christ.

Okay. So polemics, any comments on, can you think of a polemics ministry or a ministry that, you know, takes that approach?

Anyone, Larry. Our pastor. Okay. Heresy that's going around locally, he's been very firm on scripture and contending it.

Yeah. I think, you know, this is my opinion. I think my, my language and my rhetoric is, is not,

I don't even really consider it polemical. To me, I'm just, Hey, here's what scripture says and here's what they're saying.

And here's why it's drawn. I would consider it more apologetics. I'm thinking of just one website that was known for polemics.

Some of you maybe have heard of pulpit and pen who's familiar with pulpit and pen. So not as well known as like Frank Turek and some of these other guys, but you know, they were often considered harsh, but you know, their argument would be, okay, look at some of the things the prophets and apostles wrote.

And at times it requires that to kind of shape people and wake them up to how serious.

So I think I'm fairly moderate in my speech, but you know, that's, it's all a scale,

I suppose. Okay. Yeah. Just a question because it's, we're talking about spiritual warfare and Corinne was just asking me,

I went to a gathering of classmates and of course, and so I called a Christian friend of mine from down South, who's a

Christian that he would pray along with me that, that I would be able to share the gospel with my classmates because there were several of them there.

And he's of the Pentecostal or charismatic influence.

And so as he was praying, he's praying all this against all these spiritual darkness and in authority, taking authority over these evil spirits and everything.

And I was thinking, you know, I don't, I don't want to mess, I don't want to mess with any evil spirit or angel.

If one angel can, can slay 186 ,000 people with one bowl,

I bet you an evil spirit is going to, is going to just be a lot more powerful.

I don't think I want to enter into, I don't even want to recognize them. What do you think? I think tying that into what

Jude says, he says, speaking about people who would maybe take a polemical approach to talking to the devil.

You hear these people rebuking Satan and I bind you

Satan and doing all that. Like who, who are you, who do you think you are to be able to do that?

I don't think they're binding Satan, but by the looks of it, all these people that are binding the devil, it seems like the devil's running around pretty free.

But Jude says yet Michael, the archangel in contending with the devil, when he disputed about the body of Moses, he dared not bring against him a reviling accusation, but he said, the

Lord rebuke you. So even the archangel Michael wouldn't, you know, say, you know, railing comments against the devil, like some of these guys on TV do.

So yeah, that you're, you're messing around with some dangerous stuff there, even if you think you're on the right side of it.

So it says in this lesson, we will consider a number of significant Christian leaders in the second and third centuries when faced with threats from both outside and inside the church.

These leaders rushed to the, to defend the truth and to refute error.

Titus one verse nine says the term pre -Nicene or anti -Nicene refers to the time period before the council of Nicaea, which was in three 25

AD. Okay. So that's section one, section number two, the apologists says the

Lord Jesus promised that his followers would be hated by unbelievers in the world.

John 15 verse 18, he told his disciples, if the world hates you, you know that it has hated me before it hated you.

And then second, Timothy three 12, the apostle Paul gave a similar warning to Timothy. And he said, indeed, all who desire to live godly in Christ, Jesus will be persecuted.

And I would just add one other verse where Jesus said in Luke six 26, a woe unto you when all men speak well of you for so did their fathers to the false prophets.

So if there's a Christian leader and just the world just loves him and he's getting invited to the, you know, to the white house and the governor's inviting him over for dinner and he's, you know, on the cover of time magazine and he's just, this guy is amazing.

He's America's pastor. He's wonderful. I mean, to me, that's always a red flag because, you know,

John the Baptist didn't get invited to the King's mansion.

He got invited to the King's prison. I mean, I'm not saying that there's never an exception throughout history.

It's just that if you stand on the word of God, if you're faithful to the scriptures,

I mean, the world's not going to love you. Okay. So as we move, this is in your book, so you can follow up as we love each other.

Yes. Yeah. Your love is the Lord loves us. Brothers and sisters love us.

That's that's enough. Number two. Okay. This is in your book.

As we move into the second century of church history, believers continue to face persecution and hostility from the non

Christian society around them. Says Christians were often viewed as troublemakers and a public nuisance are

Christians viewed that way today? You know, 30 years ago, I don't think that it wasn't as true as it is now, but like I said, nothing new under the sun.

So Christian is just a bunch of troublemakers and a public nuisance. Roman society's negative attitude towards Christianity was perpetuated by a number of vicious rumors.

So this is where you need to fill in in your book. What were these rumors? Okay. One, the first, and I'll read through these after, but the first one, the first rumor was that Christians are actually what atheists.

Now that seems like a strange route to see. Nobody's saying that today. Why would anyone claim that Christians were atheists?

Well, they didn't believe in the gods, the approved gods of the system. Like if you're worshiping the emperor and we say, we don't believe in him.

Well, what are you? An atheist? Cause he's God. Well, that type of thing. What's the second rumor that Christians were insurrectionists.

No comment on that. Um, in more Christians were guilty of immorality.

And then the fourth one, which, you know, you've probably heard me talk about this before, but, uh,

Christians were accused of being cannibals, right?

Okay. So the first charge, the first rumor that Christians practice a atheism,

Christians were accused of being atheists because they flatly rejected the Pantheon of Roman deities.

So when natural disasters occurred, unbelievers were quick to blame the

Christians insisting the gods were angry because the Christians were turning people away from them.

Okay. So that's one, one argument and you know, that can be used on either side.

Second, the insurrectionist argument, early Christians were also suspected of sedition and accused of being insurrectionist in part because of their worldview.

It was so radically different from the society around them. For example, they refused to participate in anything that smacked of the worship of Caesar and they would not even declare

Caesar is Lord insisting instead that only Jesus is

Lord Romans 10, nine. So yeah, if you're living in the

Roman empire, Caesar is a God and whether the people really believe that or not, it's another story, but Hey, you needed to do whatever

Caesar said. So if Caesar said, you know, whatever it is, shut down your church for a year, you better do it or else you're some sort of rabble rouser or troublemaker or insurrectionist.

Well, it's the same today. Not exactly, but you know, if you're not kind of going along with the zeitgeist, if you're not kind of doing what society says and things you should do, uh, yeah.

The, the leaders and the, you know, there's all sorts of things. You don't know how much of this is accurate, but there is reason to believe that some

Christian ministries either have a target on their back or they're being monitored because some people in power just wonder, are they, are they,

I don't think they actually think anyone's leading an uprising, but you know, are they contributing to this?

Because when people, let's face it, if a, if a pastor says, Hey, obey Jesus in this instance and not the governing authorities, well all of a sudden, you know, they're gonna, they're going to want to hear what people are saying.

And that did happen during COVID. So I think that kind of brought this to the forefront where people realize that this might be headed down a road that, you know, we don't know what's going to happen in the future.

Erin. It's still happening, not necessarily with the government. When it has the, um, the school board, the board of education for Greenfield didn't believe we're teaching that it was homophobic and all the ics and isms that they used to say that you're a bad person.

Um, because that's what the general trend is right now that we have to fly our rainbow flags.

And a lot of churches are choosing Nazis. That's where they're getting it. They're treating it as an insurrection because we're not walking in lockstep with them.

And I think we brought this up once the Christian school that is start or has been started in Greenfield.

Uh, they didn't just say that they were homophobic, which I mean, you know, is going to be one of those responses.

That's just gonna get leveled against them. But someone from town,

I don't know if they were actually on the school committee. They said, no, they have a white supremacist agenda, which in people's mind links them to like, well, when you hear the white supremacist, you think of like the clan, which really they were, they were terrorists.

You know, the KKK was a group of terrorists in their activity down south.

So that's what they're trying to kind of paint Christians as maybe they are like that.

It's not just you're homophobic, you're a threat to society is, is really what they, you know, most fair minded people know that that's not true.

And, but that's the rhetoric that you're starting to hear these days, which is, is dangerous.

Okay. Uh, the third thing Christians were accused of was immorality.

The third rumor suggested that Christians participated in sexual immorality at their secret meetings.

Now, of course, why did Christians have to meet in secret? Because of persecution. I mean, you didn't really have a choice, but in their secret meetings, this rumor was sparked by a misunderstanding of the

Lord's table. Oh, sorry. I'm looking at the wrong one. Uh, so their secret meetings, they had love feasts.

This is mentioned in Jude verse 12. It was misconstrued by the imaginations of the pagan society, uh, as were, uh, as were affectionate, familial terms like brother and sister.

In other words, basically what Christians called each other, brother and sister. And Hey, there's a couple they're married and they're calling each other brother.

They basically, they're saying Christians were guilty of incest, but obviously when Christians were saying brother and sister, we don't actually mean like they're like Marcus is my brother, but he's not physically my brother.

You know, my, my wife is my sister in Christ, but she's obviously not.

So they were just misconstruing everything to try to make Christians look bad. Okay. Aaron.

Right. Well, but you know how it goes.

Uh, the world can accuse Christians of things when they're guilty and the world knows they're guilty, but it doesn't really matter as long as they can, well, that would be,

I mean, hypocrisy happens. So that's one, one element. Maybe they didn't view the temple prostitution as immoral.

I mean, I don't know. I mean, you know how it is. There's things that we do that are moral, but it's called immorality.

But there's certain things that are sanctioned behaviors sanctioned by the government that are clearly immoral according to scripture.

But they call that that's love. That's, that's wonderful. That's to be celebrated, but we're horrible because you know what?

It's not that it's fair. It's not that it's right. It's just, yeah, well, this would have been incest, which even that would have been scandalous in Roman culture.

But again, it wasn't, wasn't true. Uh, finally cannibalism. So perhaps the most shocking of all

Christians were even accused of being cannibals. This rumor was sparked by a misunderstanding of the

Lord's table. When outsiders heard the phrase, this is my body and this is my blood, they failed to understand their symbolic meaning.

So when we come together and have communion, we eat the flesh and blood of Jesus.

Of course, you know, as whatever evangelicals and Protestants and Bible believers, we, our language is a little different.

The Catholic church makes a big thing about this. I heard one priest say, we eat our

God, you know, we literally eat his flesh and drink his blood. Of course, that is the view of Rome that the bread and wine, uh, magically or mysteriously turn into the literal flesh and blood of Christ, even though it still retains the attributes of bread and wine.

But you can understand someone who has no concept of any of this, just hearing about Christians, you know, partaking of the body and blood of Christ.

And yeah, that's going to sound weird, but they didn't bother investigating what was actually happening because Christians were the enemies.

They were the scapegoats. Hey, if it makes them look bad, let's go with it. Is that transubstantiation?

Yeah. That's the Catholic doctrine that says the, the bread and wine become the literal flesh and blood.

Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. And we can't help, but I mean, we've tried to translate or understand, interpret, expound on exegete, whatever word you want to use the

Bible as literally as possible, but there are just, this is one of those that gets confusing.

Yeah. I mean, we take the Bible literally and this would be a, you know, if you want to talk about apologetics here, we could talk about for a moment.

How the Bible, we do want to take the Bible literally, but what does that mean? As it was intended by the authors, there's obviously a symbolism and allegories and scripture.

I mean, clearly. So the Catholic church might say, Hey, you evangelicals, you believe that the

Bible should be taken literally. We agree when Jesus said, this is my body. That's what he said.

That's what it means. They could turn that argument around on us. Because he was standing there in his body.

Well, you know, to us, it's, it's, it's obviously a metaphor. The I am statements of Christ.

I am the bread of life. Yeah. But does anyone think he's actually bread? Like I am the door.

Nobody thinks Jesus is a literal, I am the good shepherd. Well, Jesus technically was a carpenter and not a shepherd.

Like these are obviously metaphors, but you know, that's their doctrine. That's their story. And they're sticking to it.

And they have their arguments and we have ours. And this is the whole process of apologetics to fight for what you believe in and tell people why something is scriptural or why it's not.

Yeah. Remind me of the reference that where God says, come, let us reason together.

Say it. Isaiah. Yeah. Isaiah. And what do you know? So he's got me on the spot here.

Look that up. Well, anyways, I think, I mean, it says, though your sins be a scarlet, they shall be as white as snow.

So it has to do with, with forgiveness. No, but I think that we can use that further when it says, come, let us reason together and say at the

Lord, say he's given us a brain. Someone will find that verse. Who's got it?

Oh, Google has it. Doesn't matter. Okay. In response. Okay. We read the rumors.

Isaiah. What? 118. Yes. I was thinking chapter 18, but I knew that was something else.

So thank you. 118. Come now. Let us reason together, says the Lord. So these are the false rumors in response to these false rumors.

A number of early Christian apologists wrote to defend the faith by setting the record straight.

The most well -known of these apologists was a man named who? Justin Martyr.

So the discussion question is how do unbelievers view Christians in our society?

Is their perception accurate or inaccurate? What should believers do to make a defense in the midst of a secular culture?

Okay. So how do unbelievers view us? Intolerant.

Bible pushers. Bible thumpers. And of course, this is generally speaking, not every unbeliever says this stuff.

Holier than thou. Holier than thou. Goody two -shoes. Yeah. I mean, the self -righteous argument always perplexes me because we're the only people that I know who say, you know, no, we're not good enough.

Like, these are the people who say, well, I'm a good person. I'm a good person. That's self.

I am good. That's righteousness. So the person who says, I'm a good person.

I mean, that's self -righteousness or I'm going to heaven because I'm such a good person. That's self -righteous.

We're the ones who say, no, we're sinful. You know, our heart is desperately wicked. You know, who can know it?

We need God's grace. Without God's grace, we have no hope. And how that's considered self -righteous.

But again, it doesn't really matter what's true. They're just kind of throwing stuff at us to see what sticks.

And that's the name of the game. So, okay. That's how Christians are seen in our society.

You know, like intolerant. That's a big one. Is their perception accurate or inaccurate?

Now, I would say it's inaccurate. Are there people who seem that way?

Well, maybe I would phrase it this way. Or turn it around and say, well, they're very intolerant as well.

I mean, if we are intolerant of certain ideas and beliefs. I mean, that's true for the other side.

Because they're intolerant of our beliefs. But as far as I see, Christians are very.

There's always exceptions. But Christians generally are very kind to people.

We live in this world. With all of these different things being pushed. And I mean, we're tolerating it.

I mean, I might preach against it. But again, everyone tolerates certain things.

Everyone doesn't tolerate certain things. It's just kind of looking at each other with opposing viewpoints.

Erin. We are intolerant. To be exposed to the things that the world says are good.

And intolerant doesn't mean I don't love somebody. So they're taking the basis in our society.

They're saying some very true things. We're against. We're not tolerant of. Our Bible thumpers.

And we think that we are righteous. Well, because they don't have the second half of it. The righteousness that comes from God.

The intolerance because we love. We are not going to tolerate sin for our children.

But that doesn't mean we don't love other people. So they're taking half of it. But yeah,

I mean, you just talked to somebody. Joe Schmole on the street. And they say these things. They're not necessarily wrong.

It's just not necessarily a bad thing that we are. Yeah, that's definitely one way to approach it.

And just kind of turn that around. But ultimately, we're judged by what's in our heart.

Yeah. So we have hate in our heart. We're wrong. But being intolerant doesn't mean you have to hate something.

It just means you're not going to let that line be crossed. To put it in the world terms, you're setting healthy boundaries.

Yeah. I mean, they, yeah. The signs that say no hate, like in people's front yard.

Well, they hate Donald Trump. I mean, that's right. I mean, they do hate certain things.

But the point is, everybody is against things. Everyone is for certain things.

It's important that we're kind to people. And we're not just standoffish and in your face.

We need to love people, show kindness to people. We want to win them over. We don't want to just crush them.

But some on the other side seem to want to crush opposition. So anyway, that could be a whole class in and of itself.

But is their perception accurate or inaccurate? What should believers do to make a defense in the midst of a secular culture?

OK. What should believers do to make a defense in the midst of a secular culture? I would just say, bring the

Bible to bear. And anything comes up, certain topic, behavior, whatever, just here's what the scripture says.

Here's why I believe it based on chapter and verse. And churches just need to continue patiently teaching, instructing, sound doctrine, and encouraging people to do the right thing, stir people up to love, good works, and just keep doing what we've been doing.

Because some people have the idea that Christians just need to kind of do away with doctrine, all these things that the

Bible, that the church has taught all these centuries, just kind of set that aside. And hey, let's just have a conversation.

That's kind of the new approach. Let's just talk about it. Instead of declaring what's true or teaching people what's right and what isn't, let's just talk.

And yeah. Churches that take that approach, you might get more people through the front door, but what you win them with is what you win them to.

So you can never really declare anything because you already set that aside up front.

So then after a generation of a church taking that approach, nobody even knows what they believe anymore. And they just eventually go with the culture, in my opinion.

But I think that's played out enough times. Did I see a hand back there? Ray? Yeah. Yeah.

Yeah, that's what's lacking these days, that one side is allowed to give their view and the other side needs to be silenced.

And I think this is why I would say Christians are tolerant in the sense that we,

I mean, we kind of have to listen to the other side because it's everywhere. But we're willing to engage and not have the conversation as much as I'm willing to be polemical or do apologetics and have a debate and let's go through and figure out what is right and what is wrong.

But they don't want to hear the other side. Yeah. First, 1

Corinthians 15, 58 comes to mind. I always think of Ken Williams on this verse, too, for some reason.

Be ye steadfast, unmovable, always abounding in the work of the Lord for as much as you know that your labor's not in vain of the

Lord, in vain in the Lord. Abounding in the work of the

Lord. You look to, you know, this is what we should do. And the word stand fast and stand keeps coming up in Scripture, too.

In other words, just don't let it, don't let it sway you, don't let it push you backwards.

Don't let it discourage you. And it says abounding in the work of the Lord. Well, you know, you can actually see where the

Lord is at work. Providence Christian Academy. God is at work.

You just see Him doing things over there. Go there.

Or pray for Him. Abounding in the work of the Lord. And when you can't do, you can't necessarily do, you can still pray.

And that's the work of the Lord. Okay. Number three, let's get into, for the five minutes we have left, or not even, let's just get into Justin Martyr, talk about him a little bit.

So he died in the year 165 AD. Justin was born around 100

AD. So lived 65 years. He was born into a non -Christian family.

And as a young man, Justin searched for truth in various philosophical systems.

But he was never satisfied until he met an elderly Christian man who explained the gospel to him.

From that point forward, Justin embraced Christianity as the true philosophy.

After becoming a Christian, Justin moved to Rome where he started a training school.

Justin used the concept of what? The divine logos or the word.

Yeah, the divine logos or word. That's what Jesus has called the word, right?

John 1 .1. As a way to build bridges to those steeped in Greek philosophy.

The concept of the eternal logos or eternal word was prominent in certain

Greek philosophical systems. Though some of Justin's works have been lost, his first apology or defense, his second apology and dialogue with Trifo, those works have survived.

Justin's first apology was a defense of the Christian faith addressed to Emperor Antonius Pius along with the

Roman Senate. His second apology was also addressed to the Roman Senate. These treaties might be thought of as an open letter to the government in which

Justin explains why Christianity should not be the subject of imperial persecution.

His dialogue with Trifo records his conversation with a Jewish man about whether Jesus truly is the

Messiah. Justin musters numerous arguments from the Old Testament to show that Jesus is both the promised

Savior and the divine Son of God. And obviously that was a big task for speaking of apologetics to show and prove that Jesus Christ was the fulfillment of all of these

Old Testament prophecies. Today we can do a Google search and come up with 300 prophecies fulfilled and have a list.

Well, someone had to go through that, all of that originally and come up with the arguments. Today we just have it there for us.

But Justin Martyr did many great works here and we'll get into him more next week.