Climate Change and Creation with Joe Hubbard Phd

Creation Fellowship Introduction and Ministry Overview

So I'm, all right, whoo-hoo. All right, so I'm Terri Kammerzell here on behalf of Creation Fellowship C &T. We're a group of friends bound, I'm sorry, we're a group of friends who love to study God's word and believe the Bible when read properly disproves Darwinian evolution.

We've been meeting on this online platform since May of 2020. Since meeting online, we've been blessed with 86 individual speakers covering creation science and other theology topics and even current events.

Our goal is to equip believers to be ready to share their faith. You can find most of our past presentations by visiting tinyurl .com forward slash CFS archives. That's C like creation, F like fellowship, S like C &T archives.

Tonight we have with us Joseph Hubbard. Joseph is also known as Indiana Joe and he's been working with Creation Research UK since 2014 and founded the Genesis Museum of Creation Research in 2013. He has a natural science degree in earth sciences, a qualification in zoology and extensive experience in archeology, geology and biology.

Joseph serves as the main representative for Creation Research UK, organizing itineraries and ministry trips. He also is an active speaker and writer for Creation Research and leads field trips around the UK.

And if you are watching in Zoom or if you're watching on Facebook, if you have questions for him during his presentation, you can put them into the chat or comments there and we'll ask them during the live Q &A at the end.

With that, go ahead, Joseph.

Thank you very much.

And hopefully you can all hear me.

And let me just get my slideshow up and running. There we go. Hopefully you can see that all there. All right. You can see our main website there, creationresearch .net. And we do have a Creation Research USA website as well, which is recently launched, which is creationresearchusa .org.

So you can go and check that out. Brief little bit of an extra introduction, if you like, for me with a few pretty pictures first. This is what I tend to spend most of my academic life nowadays doing, working out which pipes go into which bottles.

That's a mass spectrometer, by the way. And this is currently part of my doctorate research. So I'm most of the way through earning a PhD. And what we do is we take fossils that we've excavated from all over the world, giant jaw bones and dinosaur rib bones and all sorts.

You grind it down into a powder. You demineralise the bones. So you get rid of the minerals. You digest the bones. You get rid of the inorganic substance. You're left with a solution that only has the organic stuff, and you run it through one of these machines.

And the kind of things that we're finding are things like proteins, things like collagen. We're finding evidence of effectively original biomolecules is the correct term. Soft tissue is what it's often called.

So we're looking for soft, squidgy stuff in bones that are supposed to be very, very old. And the soft, squidgy stuff really shouldn't be there if they are millions of years old. So you can find out more about the kind of work that we do with Creation Research at those websites.

Every single week, we have a broadcast that goes out live on Creation Research's YouTube channel and Facebook pages and so on and so forth. We've got a new video streaming app that is launching in just a couple of weeks' time.

But every week, we have Creation Conversations that goes out. So it features myself, our international director, John Mackay, a few other researchers. We've got Dr. Glenn Wilson and Dr. Diane Eger and others as well.

And we deal with a brand new topic every single week. So it's an hour and a half. You can come in and interact. Every week, we deal with topics like origins of life, creation, evolution, archaeology as well.

And then we will deal with the highly controversial topics, things like what is a woman, which you might not think is that controversial. But we actually have a medical biologist who not only identifies as a woman.

She actually happens to be one. And so she gave us an answer from both a biblical and scientific perspective. So you can find all of these resources on creationresearch .net or any of the Creation Research websites.

And you can also watch it or listen to it, rather, on podcast. We have a Creation Research TV, which again goes out currently on YouTube live 24 -7. It's all content creation research. It goes out around the clock.

And that will also be available very shortly on our streaming platform, too. So creationresearch .net is the place to go. And if you like what I'm saying tonight and you want to follow me in person, you can subscribe to my Telegram channel.

That's the social media Telegram. And you can follow me, follow where I'm doing. You can find me at joehubbardcr, see where I'm traveling, see what kind of research that we're doing. And research really is a very big part of what creation research does.

Now, we have a big museums project around the world. There's currently eight projects happening around the world, eight museum projects happening around the world in the U .S., Canada, the U .K., Australia.

And this is our U .K. one. Great big fossils, beautiful dinosaurs. We have over 30 ,000 fossils and artifacts just in our U .K. collection. And we have slightly less, but getting on for the same here in the U .S.

So we're trying to get it all sort of put together into museum form at the moment. Beautiful great big fossils, footprint tracks, and things like Jurassic fossil squid. Now, you'd probably be able to identify that as a fossil squid just from the picture without my lovely label up there simply because it looks like a modern one.

Now, this is from the Jurassic Songhoffen in Germany. Jurassic simply means named after the Dürer Mountains,.

Which are in Germany.

It's got nothing to do with millions of years at all. And the one thing that you know for sure is that even though these rocks here are supposed to be 159 million years old, all you've proven is that in 159 million years, squid have turned into squid.

So, A, you don't actually have any evidence for the millions of years. And, B, even if they are real, all you've proven is that when God said 10 times in Genesis chapter 1 that living things would reproduce after their own kind, he was certainly telling the truth.

Another fossil in our collection from, again, the Songhoffen, the Jurassic fossils, you've actually got a southern conifer plant there on the left-hand side. That's a living fossil, again, 155 to 159 million years old.

Hasn't changed one bit. But then on the right-hand side, you've got an ammonite, one of those deep-sea creatures. And we like to make the point over and over again at Creation Research, when you find deep-sea creatures and land plants buried together, you have evidence of a flood.

And bear in mind these Jurassic rocks, the famous Jurassic rocks, are named after Germany. And you have all the Jura Mountains, rather, in Germany, and you have Jurassic rocks in Australia, in Germany, in the UK, over here in the United States.

So this is certainly a global deposit, and it all formed in a flood. So you have very good evidence of a flood for sure. But you can come to our museums, you can get the full tour, you can explore the wonderful collections, and really what we're trying to teach people is all things were made by Jesus Christ.

Because you see, in both the Old Testament and the New Testament, it makes it plainly clear that Jesus Christ is the creator, Colossians 1 .16. Not only were all things made by Jesus, but they were made for Jesus, and in Jesus all things consist or are held together.

So you can check out creationresearchcentre .com. You can support the global museum ministry, not just the UK ministry, and sign up to the newsletters. We've got one going out in the US. We have a global one as well that goes out around the world, and it really will help you to see the importance of this work.

Our tagline, where dragons praise the Lord, because they really do. Dinosaurs certainly do cry out the praises of the creator. All right, our main topic for tonight is sort of climate change, climate change, a biblical picture, climate change, the God who controls the weather, climate change, and creation.

And we're going to start with a Bible verse. Let this mind be in you that is also in Christ, Philippians 2, verse 5. Now, it's a really important Bible verse because if we're ever going to get anywhere with the, let's face it, controversial and politically fueled topic of climate change and global warming, we really need to be making sure that as Christians we have the mind of Christ in us.

We're actually seeing the world God's way. So with that in mind, let's have a little bit of a look at just how controversial and on point this topic is nowadays. Are you a member of the Ukraine invasion a couple of years back?

It was big on most people's minds. Sky News, a big news channel in the UK, Ukraine invasion, will Putin start a nuclear war? And you had all these kind of concerns going on around the world, particularly over here in the US.

However, the Huffington Post suggested that perhaps a small nuclear war could be a good thing because it might reverse global warming. Now, I don't know how many people actually thought this was a good idea, but it does show you how pretty much any kind of topic, political activity can get twisted into being relevant in a global warming sense.

In fact, if you want to come over to the UK, the King co-writes a children's climate change book just a few weeks ago, all about how we are destroying the world and we need to save the world. And just published a couple of days ago.

This is, again, in the UK, published in The Telegraph, a very prestigious newspaper just a couple of weeks ago. Teenager enraged by global warming plotted terror attacks. What was his motivation? Well, his grievances were motivated both by the hatred of government.

Well, I can understand that. But the ecological concerns is the worrying point. He points to pollution, destruction of forests, climate change, global warming, famine and the exploitation of natural resources for minerals and gas.

Young people are getting increasingly worried. Young people are getting increasingly frustrated. Young people are getting increasingly fearful. And this isn't something to really to mock or to, you know, how on earth can they believe this?

I've seen the actual effects of this. Young people are terrified about the future because they've been told that they are destroying the planet. It's down to them and only them to be able to actually save it.

So that's what the newspapers say. That's what the media says. What the media doesn't say is that according to one of the major Antarctica scientific groups, South Pole has hit its record cold November temperatures record, the coldest it's ever been.

In fact, if you want to dig a little bit deeper, Antarctica Research Journal made the claim just. What is that late last year? The Antarctic ice sheet masses gains are greater than its losses. In other words, the Antarctica ice is growing.

But that's not that surprising. Creation research has been watching the Antarctica ice sheet for the last 15 years. And it's been on the whole growing overall. There's no doubt about it. The Arctic is shrinking, but the Antarctica is growing.

The South Pole is growing. Now, I wonder why we haven't heard of things like this in the media. I wonder why these things weren't taken into account when describing the modern global warming climate change agenda.

Well, this might give you a bit of an answer. So Professor Chris Folland, a few years back, but he was a major contributing author to the global warming reports. He said this. The data doesn't matter.

We're not basing our recommendations on the data. We're basing them on the climate models. It might give you a bit of an indication, a bit of an early indication, shall we say, of where some of this global warming thing has gone wrong.

All right. Back to the Bible, then. Beware of false knowledge, Paul says to Timothy. Avoid the profane and idle babblings and contradictions of what is falsely called knowledge by professing it some have strayed concerning the faith.

Now, if you open up your old King James Bible, you will see that that word knowledge there is actually science. And you shouldn't be surprised. Science is the old Greek word for knowledge. Beware of false science, Paul is telling Timothy.

Beware of false knowledge. It will lead you astray. So, yes, if we're going to get anywhere, we need to start with a biblical perspective. All right. IQ test. What have the following got in common? Noah at age 602, Abraham when he went to Egypt, Joseph at age 39, Jacob at age 130 and Moses at age 80.

Now, there's something that connects all of these people at these particular ages. Any ideas? Well, the answer is climate change. It really is. Let's dig down into it. Noah at the end of the flood. Noah comes out and God makes a covenant with Noah.

And most of us remember the sign of the covenant, which is, of course, the rainbow. And some of us might remember the biggest part of that covenant, which is that God would never destroy the world again using water.

But there was a lot more to that covenant, including dietary laws, what you could and couldn't eat. Or rather, you could eat everything that moves, but not their blood. But God also made this as a part of a covenant to Noah.

For as long as the earth shall remain, God said to Noah, there shall be day and night, cold and heat, winter and summer until the world ends. Genesis chapter eight, verse 22. Now, if you go and have a look at the beginning of Genesis, you find that God described the world is very good.

And you and I tend to view the word good as a moral word. And it is. But it's a lot more than that, because God actually described what good meant. Good meant that all creatures were vegetarian. Genesis chapter one, verse twenty nine and thirty tells us that.

And in fact, God also describes Adam and Eve as being naked and they didn't get sunburned, cancer, and they didn't freeze to death at night. So the climate was good as well. And you'll find that this reference in Genesis chapter eight is the first reference that you have to major climate change.

And you shouldn't be surprised because you have the first ever mechanism, major mechanism for major climate change, which is a global flood. Now, God promised Noah that for as long as the earth shall remain, there'd be day and night, cold and heat, summer and winter until the world ends.

Climate change. OK, skipping forward to Abram, soon to be Abraham. When he went to Egypt, Genesis chapter 12, verse 10, there was a famine in the land and Abram went down to Egypt to sojourn there. The famine was grievous in the land.

A famine has happened. Climate change. Oh, and if you think I'm being a bit facetious saying climate change just from this one little Bible verse. Well, look at what it says in the scientific and historical literature.

There is actually historical evidence for this. Middle East climate change. PNAS, a very prestigious academic journal, corresponding with the 4 .2 to 3 .9 BP. That's before present. Abrupt climate change to a more arid climate has been recorded.

This matches with the time of Abraham and notice what they call it. Climate change. In fact, Professor Harvey Weiss, professor of archaeology at Yale, beginning at around 4200 before present, sudden demise of civilizations, including Mesopotamia, Canaan and other Middle Eastern regions.

Well, there's your Middle Eastern region full of sand today. But it's actually been confirmed by sediment from throughout the Middle East. And it's not just your archaeological evidence, your physical evidence of going and looking at the sands and the soil samples.

You can actually get it from the literature of the time as well. The curse of Akkad. The large fields and acres produce no grain. The flooded fields produce no fish. Watered gardens produce no honey and wine.

The heavy clouds did not rain. On its plains where once grew fine plants, lamination reeds now grow. Yep. Throughout the historical and the ancient literature of the time, it's quite clear now that after a period with a humid and warm climate, the precipitation, the rainfall greatly diminished after 4200 years BP in a little zone of the eastern Mediterranean.

Yeah. Abraham, when he went to Egypt, he went there because of climate change. But then don't be surprised. Climate change has something to do with Joseph and Jacob as well. Joseph was sent to Egypt as a slave where he had a dream and told Pharaoh that seven years of plenty and then what?

Seven years of drought. Climate change. In fact, because of his prophetic foreknowledge, Joseph was made the prime minister of Egypt, which actually allowed him to save his father and his brothers and his whole family.

Because Jacob came to Egypt at 130 because of that seven years of famine, which is where they stayed. I wonder why Egypt features so heavy, though, in the scriptures. Well, you get a little bit of a clue.

Matthew, chapter two, verse 15 and Hosea 11, verse one. I called my son. It's mind blowing when you see the connections and the threads that run all the way through scripture. And it has everything to do with Jesus Christ and creation all the way through to revelation.

And what about Moses? Well, Moses, he was a descendant of the children of Israel after they went into Egypt. And he was called by God to lead the children of Israel out of Egypt and into the Promised Land, a land that was described as a land flowing with milk and honey.

Now, remember, Jacob and Joseph had come out of the land because of a famine, because there wasn't milk and honey. Milk, goats or cows, they require lush grass to produce good milk, particularly flowing with milk.

Honey requires bees, which require good flowers, which requires a good climate. So the climate has changed in the Promised Land in Canaan since Jacob and Joseph left it. And it's changed two or three times since Abram left it.

Climate change is there in the scriptures for sure. And if you want to find out more of this reference, you can go to creationresearch .net, pick a fact file and search climate. There's a whole host of reports in there, or even better yet, sign up to the Creation Evidence News, where you can get the fact file, excuse me, clips come through for free all the time.

Who Controls the Weather and the Climate?

Well, what's the real issue when it comes to climate change? Who is your authority? Who has the right to decide who has control of the weather and the climate and who is actually sovereign over all? Maybe you've heard of Extinction Rebellion.

We had huge marches for Extinction Rebellion happening all the time in the UK, particularly in places like London. And a couple of years ago, we had COP26, which is the big climate summit up in Glasgow.

We actually went up and interviewed a load of Extinction Rebellion. You see their logo there, rebel for life. Who were they really rebelling against? Well, it's time for some more Bible now, particularly Romans chapter one.

What does Romans chapter one say? They did not glorify God. They did not thank God. They became futile or foolish or pointless or worthless in their speculations. Their foolish hearts were darkened, professing to be wise.

They became fools. They had exchanged the truth of God for a lie and they served the creature or the creation rather than the creator. That's what Extinction Rebellion does. They worship the creature.

They worship the creation rather than the one who created the world and them and gave them rules to live by. And also promised that for as long as the earth shall remain, there'll be sea time harvest, cold heat, summer and winter.

Well, what's the consequence of this? For this reason, God gave them up to vile passions. They exchanged the natural use of their bodies. They burned in homosexual lusts. They committed what is shameful.

And in verse 32, such things are deserving of death. What's the big point? Well, those that worship the creation rather than the creator will be given up to evil. And those that worship the creation deserve to die.

Harsh words, hard words. Thankfully, not my words, because you can be locked up for saying stuff like that today. This is straight out of the Bible, I'm afraid. But before you go, well, I'm so glad I'm not like Extinction Rebellion and don't worship the creature rather than the creator.

Just remember what Romans goes on to say. There is none that does good. No, not one. That's in verse chapter three, verse 12. And in fact, a little further on in chapter three, it says all have sinned and fallen short of God's glory.

But there's the good news. All who believe are justified freely by his grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus. Oh, we're back to Jesus again. Jesus really is the answer to all of these questions about religion, about politics, about climate change and about all the things that connect them together.

So be wary of worshipping the creation rather than the creator. Well, what about some data? What about some science here? Published in the University of Leeds a few years back. Central England temperatures since 900 A .D. from historical records.

And you can actually see this is an art chart. This is from the University of Leeds. Very prestigious. This chart actually got replaced by the University of East Anglia because they were trying to push the idea that the climate has shifted massively up the warm side in the last couple of hundred years.

And this chart basically disappeared. So we're grateful that we managed to get copies of it. But have a look at what they've actually recorded from historical records. History can be really useful sometimes.

The Bible says there's nothing new under the sun and it really does pay to learn your history. Going all the way back to 900 A .D. Yes, we have a very, very long and very rich history in the UK, which I'm very grateful for because it provides data like this.

You know, just one thing. There's a warm patch a bit towards the beginning. This is actually known as the Medieval Warm Period. And despite critics biggest attempts to try and claim this was only a localised warming period, increasing evidence tells us that this was throughout most of the Northern Hemisphere.

In fact, there's actually even evidence that the Medieval Warm Period affected Australia as well. Skip forward in time and in 1303, the Baltic Sea freezes. First time on record. In 1315, there are massive floods which were compared to Noah's day and some claim that it was judgment from God and revelation had begun.

And in 1610, Galileo discovers sunspots. Now, what's all this got to do? Sunspots? Well, sunspots are those funny patches on the sun that are actually cooler patches. And the more cooler patches there are, the hotter the sun is overall.

Now, Galileo discovered sunspots in 1610 and the climate got cooler after that. And people recorded the volume of sunspots that they saw. I wonder if that tells us something. In fact, if you go and have a look at the whole chart, you can see that the climate has gone up.

It's gone down. It's gone up. It's gone down. It's gone up. It's gone down. And now it's coming back up again. And you can see this throughout all of the UK's archaeology as well. I'm in an abandoned medieval village here in Dartmoor, down towards the south part of the UK.

It was developed in the early 900s, mid -900s. It was abandoned in the 1400s. Why? Because it got too cold. The frost and the snow came and drove the people away. It was just too cold. It was warm enough when they built it at the beginning of the medieval warm period.

Now, in the 1400s, it was too cold. Today, it's warm again. In fact, it's the south coast. It's known as one of the warmest areas in the whole of the UK. So don't be surprised that between 1645 and 1710, astronomers recorded a dramatic decline in sunspot numbers.

Lower sunspot numbers means cooler sun overall. So don't be surprised that there was an area in that graph where the climate dropped drastically, and you have it known as the Little Ice Age. It was called the Little Ice Age because everything froze over.

In 1695, there was no open water in any direction around Iceland. Now, we're going over to Iceland in just a couple of minutes to show you some of the research we did over there. But no open water, all frozen?

We don't get that today. Something else we don't get today is the Thames freezing over. 1677, it was first recorded. The Thames froze over. They had a frost fair out on the Thames. People bought whole, you know, carts and fairground rides and all sorts of stuff out into the middle of the Thames because it was so frozen.

Climate in art, Venice, 1707, frozen water. And in 1814, you had the last ever frost fair on the Thames. It's never completely frozen over since. And if you want the big picture, take a look at our modern day graph, right, the bit of the modern day.

It still hasn't got back to be as warm as it was at the medieval warm period. Now, this is just from 900 AD. We have an older history than that. We go all the way back to the Romans and beyond. And the Romans came over and they made the first real records of the climate.

The Roman general Agricola said the climate, talking about Britain, right, is wretched with its frequent rains and mists. Yeah, no change there. But there's no extreme cold. The soil will produce good crops, except olives, vines and other plants, which usually grow in warmer lands.

Well, that was when the Romans first ever went over there. By the mid Roman period, about a couple of hundred years later, the Romans had actually taken Mediterranean grapes over to the United Kingdom.

And they were growing them as far north as the Scottish borders. Now, we have a few vineyards today in the UK. Most of them have been bred. Right. The grapes have been bred to cope with our cooler climate.

The Romans simply brought over Mediterranean grapes. And by the middle of the Roman warm period, which was about the middle of the Roman Empire, 150 odd years after the first invasion, they were growing grapes as far north as Scotland.

In fact, if you want a technical paper, again, two millennia of North Atlantic seasonality and implications for Norse colonies. What do they basically say? Well, they found some records from oxygen 18 values.

And you can see that there were warm periods and there were cool periods. So even the archaeological data taken from soil samples tells you that there were warmer periods and there were cooler periods up and down and up and down.

This is the Viking Age, right? 1719 to 1070. And it had nothing to do with man pumping loads of carbon dioxide into the upper atmosphere. In fact, we have 2000 odd years worth of climate records from the Romans down to the modern day.

And all the way through, you can measure the volumes of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere based off of soil samples. And you find that the CO2 has been constant. In other words, something else has changed the climate in the past.

Now, creation research is biggest critic for many years. He has been a vocal critic of creation research, particularly John Mackay in Australia. It's geology professor Ian Plymer. However, he got on the wrong side of the wave crowd a few years back because he said this.

And I completely agree with him. If natural forces drove warmings in Roman and medieval times, how do we know that the same forces did not drive the late 20th century warming? But then why be logical?

Why answer? Why let facts interfere with a good fairy tale? I like it. Even though he's biggest critic, he's certainly on point here. All right. Go into some scriptures again. Prove all things. 1 Thessalonians 5 .21.

Actually go out and test things. Actually go out and investigate. Well, that's what we did in 2020. You know, Covid, middle of all that. I was actually over here in the US, excuse me, in 2020. Lots of panicking.

I was supposed to be flying one way around the planet, right? I flew from the UK to the US. We were supposed to do Canada over to California and then we were supposed to fly around to Australia, New Zealand.

And then I was supposed to arrive home in time to get married in 2020. Well, we did get married in 2020. It was a bit of a worry. I managed to first and foremost get back to the UK because of, you know, cancelled Covid events and everything.

And then it was illegal to get married for three months in the UK because of Covid. So that caused an awful lot of stress. But we got there in the end and we had a brief little break soon after we got married.

But we wanted a proper honeymoon. And the only country that was really opened up after Covid was actually Iceland. So we packed our stuff and went over to Iceland. I made the mistake of letting our international director know I was going to Iceland.

And he promptly sent me a load of work to do, research and things to go and check out. Right. I was very happy to do it because it really was fascinating. And about halfway through, I said to my new wife, you know what, dear, this would make a wonderful documentary.

How do you fancy filming one? Well, she's a long suffering and very gracious wife. So we did indeed film a documentary called Fire and Ice, all about the historical side of climate and the biblical picture of climate change seen particularly in Iceland.

So you can go and order Fire and Ice. It's available in the US and around the world. And it will soon be up on our new streaming app. So check out Creation Research live as well. But as you travel around Iceland, you can see us up the top of a glacier there.

We were actually doing some testing. Very full of tourism. Its biggest income, basically, in Iceland is tourism. So everywhere you go, you see these great big plaques like this telling you about the local area, particularly telling you about climate change and the effect the climate has had on Iceland.

Here's the claim that they make. Global surface temperature has increased by one degree centigrade on average since pre-industrial times and considerably more in the Arctic. All right. There's the claim.

But what are the actual evidences for this? Well, you can see the evidence for global warming. You can see the evidence for climate change. It's pretty stark. There you can see at the top of picture in 1935, there's a great big glacier running down the mountain.

Skip forward to 2015. It's pretty much disappeared. And it's not just here in Iceland, it's elsewhere around the northern hemisphere as well. In Switzerland, 2006, lovely glacier there. 2018, disappeared.

But then they go one step further and they make this claim. The main cause of global warming is anthropogenic, so that's man-made emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. Due to what? The combustion of fossil fuels, power plants, transportation and industry, decreasing the uptake of CO2 by deforestation and agriculture.

In other words, climate change, global warming is man's fault. That's the claim. It's because of our activities we've managed to change a global climate to the point where it is now destroying the world.

OK, here's Mörðrsjökull glacier in South Iceland. We actually climbed up this glacier and went over it. And the guide there who'd lived there most of her life told us that when she first joined this glacier, pretty much covered that entire valley there.

There was no water at the front of it at all. And this new lagoon had been formed in just her lifetime. There's no doubt about it. The glaciers are melting in the northern hemisphere and the climate is warming up.

And it pays to dig a little bit deeper. BBC News, August 2019, a report on glacier extinction. Ireland's Mörðrsjökull glacier is commemorated with a plaque. Mourners have gathered in Iceland to commemorate the loss of Mörðrsjökull.

The glacier was officially declared dead in 2014 when it was no longer thick enough to move. They held a funeral for the glacier. Where's the evidence of the glacier? There it is in 1986 at the top, lovely great big glacier on the top of Mannoch.

And then by the bottom, you can see that Mörðrsjökull has pretty much disappeared and you are left with very little ice at all. Just a few patches here and there. Well, we went to check it out. We wanted to go and make sure.

And indeed, there's a volcano behind us and the glacier is no more. It was once where I was standing. The glacier Mörðrsjökull is now extinct. But we filmed this for our documentary and it was worth digging again a little bit deeper into the BBC News article.

Look what they had to say. 150 years ago, no Icelander would have been bothered the least to see all glaciers disappear as they advanced over farmlands and flooded areas with meltwater and streams. Okay, what does that tell you?

150 years ago, the glaciers were growing. They were taking over farmlands and most people would have been happy to see them go. All right, let's have a look at one step further. I mentioned a quote to you earlier about the mourners who had gathered, but I left a little bit off.

Let's fill it in. Mourners have gathered in Iceland to commemorate the loss of Mörðrsjökull, which has died at the age of about 700. Okay, question, how do they know that the glacier was 700 years old?

Answer, people were there when it was born. The Vikings, right? In fact, we have Viking historical records of when they moved into Iceland, it was much warmer. They were able to grow cereals. They were able to grow crops.

You can't do that today in Iceland. Only a few places where you have the hot springs that they managed to grow, but they don't produce very much at all. And the Vikings recorded the coming of the cold in the 1300s when you had the glaciers suddenly grow.

This glacier was born in the 1300s, died in the 2000s. It's climate change. Vatnajökull glacier, which we climbed up. There it is there. The greatest extent, it was recorded in 1890. Today, it's now melting.

Climate change for sure. Oh, but the one thing that they don't tell you again is just a couple of years ago, Iceland's major glaciers have all expanded in the last 12 months, and they're expected to continue.

There's no doubt about it. If you look over at wide scale over the past 150 years, there's been a melting and a changing climate, but it is a fluctuation for sure. And this is not a unique occurrence.