Demythologizing Scholarship: James Brownson Examined

Greetings and welcome to the dividing line today on the program. We will finally begin a Review and a study that has been too long in coming. I apologize for that. It part of the reason is I take it very seriously.

Why Brownson’s Scholarship Matters for Sexual Ethics

I think it's it's important. We we did a five-hour response to Matthew vines. We've done a five-hour response to David gushy. But today it's very obvious as those of you who followed this particular subject Matthew vines when he did his initial presentation primarily was pulling from Individuals such as John Boswell Skanzonian Mollenkot Skaggs Daniel hominiac, etc, etc, the sort of standard Group of what we would call revisionist scholars who are seeking to revise the understanding of the Bible and the message of the Bible in regards to sexual ethics and morality and things like that and That was what 2011 something like that 2012 and Then when his book came out just last year It was very clear that his arguments had evolved and changed and They had evolved and changed.

Because he became enamored with and was now borrowing from the scholarship of James Brownson. Brownson wrote a book Which unfortunately I left in the other room. Entitled the Bible. Gender and sexuality is something along those lines and No, you're not gonna be able to find it if you're going to look for it.

It's not sitting on a desk or anything like that. So it's it's in the bookshelf anyway, and Brownson in Comparison to a John Boswell who himself was a homosexual who was homosexual activist, you know.

Very much way out on the left much of what he has said has been Thoroughly refuted by sound scholarship. He made many many mistakes. Brownson from the world's perspective is a conservative scholar reformed biblical scholar.

Now, of course from our perspective. He's good bit to our left more of a mainstream type. Theological bent certainly not as as The same view of Scripture as we would hold but certainly less liberal than Brownson would then Boswell would be or something like that.

When now, of course we've mentioned this in the past. So many people gushy's sister came out as homosexual. Brownson's son came out as a homosexual so many of these individuals Brownson had published on this subject before.

From a quote-unquote. Traditionalist perspective. In other words, his scholarship had never led him to believe there wasn't any issues. Until something happened in personal life, then all of a sudden there's changes now people.

It was not fair to to mention that Twitter why are you wearing blue spaghetti? This is a this now now my my Ukrainian friends are gonna be offended that my daughter just asked me in Twitter Why am I wearing blue spaghetti?

This is not blue spaghetti. This is a stylized Ukrainian flag. I'm going to Kiev in just a matter of weeks and so my friends there in Ukraine gave me a Ukraine shirt, so I don't have a Zurich shirt yet.

Maybe I'll get one when I go to Zurich first, but I've not been to Zurich before but I will be going back to Kiev and so therefore I'm wearing my Ukrainian shirt, but I see I Introduce. I'm here in the middle of this vitally important study and Well, it's summer's fault she you know, she knows if she's gonna throw something in Twitter at me and ask why I'm wearing blue spaghetti that.

You know, I have to I have to respond to these things, you know, it's just a matter of Notice there's yellow spaghetti too. So it's you sort of put all together anyway. Now I was gonna actually start off by thanking my Ukrainian friend.

I've worn this shirt before but I was gonna thank my Ukrainian friends for For the gift that I got last time I was there. And just please ask that. This time we have electricity. In the course of the class.

That'd be good. We'll get so much more done if we have if we have electricity the whole class. Well It was December last time so that you know, there's a lot more like electrical demand warming stuff right now.

It's like 70 degrees, you know, that's pretty nice. So looking forward that anyways. Back to what we were talking about here. So many of these individuals who who change their perspectives. Do so. And some might say well, yes, it's not fair to bring that up.

I think it is I think when you see a constant when you see this Regular thing that people hold one view and then all sudden. Oh something makes them change your mind. Well, what is it? Was it because the of the overwhelming?

Strength of the arguments the other side. No, it was. Someone close to me has adopted this lifestyle and up to this point I thought the Bible said this lifestyle would not bring you life, but is an act of rebellion against God.

So, uh, I think I need to change my views. How am I gonna do that now? They're gonna tell you no. No, no. No, that's that's not what I did. No. No, no. No. No, I this just gave this just gave me fresh insight.

Okay, well, I think it's perfectly fair to raise the issue. I think it would be far more relevant if someone stood against This put this perspective and Then had someone close to them come out and then stayed consistent or had always taken another viewpoint and then Someone in their family comes out and you know, it's consistency for me is a is a big thing.

It's a not the kind of consistency where you you don't listen to the side. Well, we're gonna listen to the side, but this happened in Brownson's experience and his book has become the Bible of The quote-unquote gay Christian movement.

There is no such thing as gay Christianity, of course. Any more than there is adulterous Christianity lying Christianity angry Christianity Gluttonous Christianity or anything else you you do not identify the Christian faith by a sin or by a confused sexual behavior either one and by the way If certain people in state legislatures and in the government in the United States have their way We want to be able to say what I just said in a very short period of time There I mean within months people are already moving to Completely Overthrow the First Amendment freedom of speech and the ability to even discuss this subject.

So another reason we need to get this done because and when you when you watch this download I Use a program called airy on on Mac. There's lots of them out there lots of programs that will grab stuff Save it you better download it because I just don't expect it to be there very long.

I really don't Anyway. So what I want to do today what we're gonna do is we're gonna we're gonna go through. He spoke dr. Brownson spoke at last year's Matthew Vines Reformation conference the most misnomered misnamed thing on the planet and He spoke on Romans 1 and if you look at his book some of the endorsements on the book Say, you know, this is the most insightful amazing exegesis of Romans 1 and you know, all the rest this kind of stuff and and I'm perfectly honest with you.

I did not find it at all compelling Contextual or anything like that, but the endorsers aren't exactly going to be critical in a situation like that but for many people here is well, this is the best they have Brownson's the best they have and so If we deal with the best they have then everything else is going to be on a lower level.

And if you're prepared for the best Then you're gonna be in the best position to be able to give answers for everything that it's actually not as good as that. That's one of the reasons we need to do this.

But while we're gonna go through it what I want to start with today in just a normal sized program is a Appeal to our Listeners and I think our listeners of our listeners are strange. But our listeners are a are a mixture of people.

We have all sorts of folks who listen who? Completely disagree and are doing this for research purposes. Okay, I get that. That's fun. I do that to others all the time. But if you're one of the people who takes the time to watch this program listen to this while you're on the treadmill at the gym riding a bike like I do you know, whatever else it might be and you're doing it because.

You want to be a Christian? Who still takes advantage of the freedoms that we yet have? Wants to be someone who testifies the truth in this culture that is in such a state of open warfare against the truth and against itself and Most especially you want to do this in such a way that you are always Seeking to allow God to speak in Scripture.

What do I mean by that? Well when we don't do serious exegesis when we do not. When we do not handle the Word of God, all right. We do not put forth the effort to be balanced in our in our dealing with scriptures.

Of then we we can't say this is God speaking it's me speaking because I'm just using the text to as a container for my thoughts and my ideas and and we see this in preaching all the time you know, I've used for forever the illustration could never find again, but but Paula white on TBN.

I was I was making dinner years ago. There were a decade ago and and Just for giggles. I I turned on the trash and blasphemy Network and Here's Paula white Preaching quote-unquote from Psalm 69. About how you need to send her $69.

All right. Not only is the numeration of the Psalter different now than it was in the age world. But the the whole thing was just so completely disconnected. Completely disconnected from the actual meaning of the psalm in the first place that it was a gross abuse of The scriptures.

I mean, I mean just just indefensible absolutely indefensible. That's not God speaking. That's Paula white speaking. Pretend the guy's speaking but it's actually Paula white speaking if we don't do serious exegesis.

If we don't learn to. To recognize when someone is mishandling the Word of God. We're not gonna be in a position to really speak with with authority. What I want to do today is I want to give you a demonstration an illustration of how a scholar a trained biblical scholar can twist the meaning of a text.

You need to be able to learn to recognize. I see a lot of people go through life going well. He teaches Greek, you know. He knows the original languages and as soon as someone knows the original languages all of a sudden they have some magical power.

I have people coming up to me all the time. I've pointed this out many times people go with me, you know I've I've always wondered about this particular text and you've taught Greek a number of times.

So Tell me what is this text actually, what does it really say in Greek and They're so very disappointed that most the time I response that is the same thing. It says in English. This this there isn't anything magical there are times.

Obviously the best commentary on the Greek New Testament is the New Testament in Greek. There's no question about that. I am NOT for a second saying that we should lessen the standards. Well as if that already isn't happening I bemoan the fact that for most seminaries today the standards of biblical language knowledge have gone.

I mean, there's lots of seminaries day. We can fulfill your your Greek requirements in a Jan turn class. That's called learning how to use Bible works that's that's all that is that's not learning Greek it's just.

So I'm not arguing any of that at all. It's bothering you that the lava lamp, but you're the one that didn't start it. So don't don't don't look at me and you know I wasn't gonna leave the towel over it the whole then there everybody's going wonder what's going on over there.

So just it'll it'll do its thing here. Then it'll freeze and people are gonna complain and you're gonna get to answer all the complaints. So just just okay. It's the live program. That's the way it is.

All right, we continue on. I'm not downplaying the importance of original languages. What I am saying is the scholars scholars at times utilize their craft to misrepresent the truth shocking as it may be shocking as it may be.

I'm gonna illustrate this. What I want to do today is teach you to demythologize. Demythologize scholarship demythologize scholarship because there is this myth that you as a spirit born regenerated Serious follower of Jesus Christ are just simply left to go.

Well, whatever they say, you know, and that's I've never promoted that I I don't believe that we must demythologize Scholarship. So, how do we do that. Well we learn to recognize when someone is Tweaking the evidence.

We've seen this over and over again with Bart Ehrman. You know, I've said over and over again Bart Ehrman when he's giving the facts is generally accurate. It's in the interpretation and the balancing of those facts and the drawing of conclusions from those facts that's where things get just a little bit on the odd side and that's what we need to Recognize that even in kindly older men like James Brownson.

So what I want to do is I want to start with a quick I'm not gonna be able to go as in-depth as I have in the past but a a quick run through Romans 1 to remind us what the issues are and What the flow of the text is about?

Then we're gonna listen to Brownson and I want you to listen to his presentation and Listen to it carefully not with such a level of bias and prejudice. I mean some people that I can't Can't even listen to him.

Oh, no. No, you've got to hear them out to be able to In a meaningful sense document their errors. It really bothers me when people are just I just can't well, you know, I Guess I understand that in some context, but not in this context we've got to be able to understand so let's remind ourselves grab a Bible if you can if you're running in the treadmill that might not be a good idea, but Let's remind ourselves Romans chapter 1, you know the beginning of verse 18 Paul begins his explanation of the bad news.

He's introduced the gospel but to be able to explain what the gospel is. The gospel is the good news. But the only way to understand the good news is you've got to start with the bad news and the bad news is that man? universally is under sin and in Romans 1 You have the general condemnation not just of the Gentiles but of all mankind.

Now people can people a lot of a lot of people I think completely confuse this because they go. Well Romans 1 it goes after the Gentiles there Romans 2 he goes after the Jews. No, he goes after all of mankind in Romans 1 but the condemnation that he brings is consistent with the entire Jewish worldview it is soaked in the biblical worldview of God as creator it derives its its very foundation from Genesis chapter 1 and So the Jewish person Hearing Romans 1 is going.

Yeah, go Paul, you know, keep whacking away at them Gentiles and Paul has to turn to them and say hey just because you possess God's law doesn't make you righteous before God simply possessing it and not doing it only brings you greater condemnation and so you have to then move on from that point and Recognize that he he then deals the Jewish issue and then in chapter 3 he ties it all together and his conclusion is We conclude that God has has subjected all people under sin.

Jew and Gentile his whole point is he does not want there to be Any basis for there being a Jewish Christian Church and a Gentile Christian Church. Paul over and over again emphasizes in fact the very background of Romans chapter 3 when it says all sin come short of the glory of God the whole point.

There is he's the all there is not Universal sinfulness like we always use it. It's Jew and Gentile we've all fallen short of the glory of God and He wants to make sure there is absolutely positively no foundation For any concept that there would be a Jewish Christian Church and a Gentile Christian Church very very important to recognize that he's doing that so I Guess I should switch sources for you here.

I apologize. And give you Accordance here so you can see that is is that working for you? You got okay. Sorry about that I forgot about that. But I figure if I'm gonna be reading the text quickly, it'd be good to be able to throw that up there as well.

Got it. All right good. So let's take a look at at the text here. And I'm again not gonna be able to go as fully into this as I would like but There you go. Oh you wouldn't switch straight back to me while the silence in my phone.

Thank you ever so much. Really appreciate that. Nothing like looking at the camera before you switch back over there. All right. For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men who suppress the truth and unrighteousness again.

The wrath of God is being revealed at all times. It is not just simply something that is going to be in the eschaton. It is is present tense. It is being revealed right now. And it is against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men not just Gentiles.

But of men now some of us say oh, yeah, but they are the men who suppress the truth and unrighteousness. Which is this just must be the Gentiles and not the Jews. Again, that's I think of a gross misreading of Paul and it in it is overthrown by his own conclusion in in chapter 3.

But the description of men is those who and you'll notice in the Greek thee the truth in unrighteousness. Unrighteousness suppressing ones and so when you use the article here this article goes with this Phrase right this term right here.

And so when you have an article the participle at the end you've stuff stuff in between. It's a really cool way of of making it very descriptive. And so it's thee the truth in unrighteousness suppressing ones.

And so here is this description and since God's wrath is revealed from heaven against all unrighteousness and ungodliness. So everyone who sins is involved in this suppression of The truth in unrighteousness and as I've pointed out many many times before that phrase kata Kantone Indicates that God's truth has been made made known.

It's not something we have to go searching for. It's something that is available to us right now and therefore it is it is something that Can be held down and and man is accountable for that and that's exactly what Paul goes on to say for that which is known about God is Evident within them or you may notice it.

It's an Altoise amongst them. So it could be in them internally. It can be amongst them as a people. So there is a General revelation, which is what's gonna be discussed in the next verse. But of course the witness of the conscience the witness of The universe around us.

This is all part of what general revelation is and It's God who has made it evident to them. So so this is something that God has done. God has been the one who has revealed himself. God is not hiding on a mountain someplace and we have to climb up a mountain find him.

God is the one who has has manifested himself in the creation of the world. And that's why verse 21 says for since the creation of the world his invisible attributes his eternal power and Divine nature.

So his eternal power and divine nature Have been clearly seen being understood through what has been made and then here's a very important phrase here at the end. So that they are on apologetics. They are without an apologetic.

That does not mean that they do not have arguments that does not mean that they cannot, you know Engage in some kind of defense their position. But what it does mean is they cannot provide a consistent defense of their position because of the fact that they live in God's world and therefore to Live in rebellion reject God.

You're gonna have to come up with a worldview. That's really not gonna fit with the world around you. You're gonna have to borrow things From the truth that you're suppressing to hold your system together and that's what it means that they are without an excuse.

It doesn't mean that they won't make excuses. But it does mean that they cannot give a consistent excuse for even though Even though they knew God not not and some people think that this is a theoretical thing.

They might they couldn't they could know about God. Or even though they knew God they did not honor him as God or give thanks they did not. The term there is doxazzo to give to to glorify God. To honor God and then of course there you see give thanks is the term from which we get Eucharist.

It's a beautiful word. It's been stolen from us by its abuse by Romanism, but they did not glorify God or give thanks but Instead the things that that the general revelation would have held them accountable to do the general revelation that would have Held them accountable for honoring God glorifying God giving.

Thanks to God being thankful Instead the adversity of use of a law, but they became futile. They became empty in there in their Translation here in the NSB is speculations, but you can see the term is the term which we translator is dialogue the the reasonings of the mind the thinking of the mind, so this is the very innermost part of of mankind the if you will not do what general relation would demand of you to do the result is You will be Fundamentally altered in the deepest part of your being in the deepest part of your being and so It said that that they are made futile and That they're there and then, you know foolish heart.

Yeah, but it's a soon a toss means lack the term with the alpha privative is Is understanding so Non-understanding, it's not foolish in the sense that we frequently use that term. But but they're they're Non-understanding heart becomes darkened and so We we are on very solid ground to recognize that what Paul is talking about here is the fundamental result of Sin in the experience of the he who is created in the image of God.

Mankind is created in the image of God the result of that is That man is not left undamaged but instead in the very center of man's being there is a Darkening a foolishness a futility. So that professing to be wise they become fools.

And so they think they're Safoy. They think that they are, you know philosophy the love of wisdom. They believe them. They they're professing themselves. They view themselves as wise but instead They have become more or not more more an ass is the descriptive term.

They have become fools. This is the very The same contrast that Paul uses in first Corinthians chapter 1 between the wisdom of the world the foolishness of the gospel The wisdom of God versus the foolishness of the world and so on and so forth.

And so they're very quick to call themselves wise. But in fact, they become fools and here's the here's vitally important term they exchange the glory of the incorruptible God. For an image in the form of corruptible man and of birds and four-footed animals and crawling creatures.

And so here it's very very important because of this effect of Those who bear the image of God suppressing that knowledge and Suppressing the truth about God. There is an inevitable Reaction in the creature the creature Exchanges the glory of the incorruptible God for something else for Idolatry and what do all these things an image in the form of corruptible man birds four-foot animals and crawling creatures.

What do all of these things have in common with one another? They are a part of the created order. Man's worship is to be oriented toward God but when he suppresses the knowledge of that God, he doesn't cease being a Worshiping creature.

He still will worship but instead he will turn the object of that worship away from God and to the created order and the created order then is defined in the very language that you would expect the Apostle Paul to use and That is he uses the very language of Genesis 1.

I Mean, where do we read about? Man, where do we read about birds? Where do we read about four-footed animals? Where do we read about crawling creatures? Anyone Especially today and Brownson knows this by the way.

Anyone who does New Testament work today is aware of the importance of what are what is called intertextual studies intertextual studies the It is it is an absolute given in any serious study of Paul that the primary First order mill you of his background the origin of his thought is the Tanakh the Torah Nevi 'im and Ketuvim the Old Testament scriptures as we call them and Furthermore it is unquestionable that the primary bedrock of his study is the Greek Septuagint.

Why well because he keeps using that language. He uses the language drawn directly from the Greek Septuagint. Now. We are not saying that Paul is an insulated Hebrew speaking only Pharisee in Jerusalem.

He grew up in in Tarsus of Cilicia. He he can quote pagan philosophers. He is a man of the world. He understands those things. But the bedrock the first place you go is The Old Testament and so anyone looking at this if they do not have other Reasons for avoiding this it's the same issue that we have we look at arson equates and Brownson's gonna try to address this and From a scholarly perspective produce a complete baseplant At the end of this video.

Well, it'll be one of the last things we see. He's gonna leave Romans 1. He's gonna look at arson equates and he is going, you know, and his defenders will say I just didn't have enough time. But fine.

The fact the matter is from a scholarly perspective from any meaningful perspective as to asking what did Paul mean? Would love to debate that one that's ever gonna happen believe me. Dr. Brownson knows that there's standing challenges for him to debate a number of people.

Bob Gagnon Michael Brown myself. We all have standing challenges at any time. Dr. Brownson will we will arrange it. We will come to where you are. And and you know, we standing standing invitation at Matthew Vines Reformation conference.

We will come. We will pay our own way and we will debate you and Matthew Vines an amazing thing at one point here. He refers to Matthew Vines as a commentator and scholar. I thought he dropped out of college.

I thought he was 25. It's like wow didn't realize that you could do that, but anyway We'll do it. At the end we will see just how Horribly, he handles arson equates, but the point is when we look at that term for screen in six.

What's the first? Any honest exegete? What's the first thing you're gonna do? They're gonna go to the Old Testament and say where this come from and It's obvious where it come or came from. Even pro homosexual scholars and Commentators all recognize the arson equates is derived from Leviticus 18 and 20 from the very language of the Greek substance used there.

There's no question about that. No. No one seriously disputes that when you find people quoting stuff from 600 years after Paul to try to Find a way to say what we really don't know what it means. You're looking at simple scholarly dishonesty.

Is what you're looking at because we do know what it means. There's no there's no question about what it means. And if it was any other subject There wouldn't be any dispute about it all same thing here.

Same thing here. We'd look at this and intertextual studies would make us go. Whoa. Wow creation language Genesis 1 ding ding ding it did just be very very obvious as You're gonna see that Causes a real problem with Brownson's theory and his means of getting around Romans chapter 1.

But if it was any other subject and I can pretty much guarantee you prior to Certain personal experiences in Brownson's family. He wouldn't have had any problem with that. But now all of a sudden everything changes clear indication of a misuse of scholarly sources when that kind of thing happens and so what's Paul doing you Have the Idolatry you have Genesis language you have man birds four-foot animals crawling creatures coming straight out of Genesis 1 and 2 therefore God gave them over in the lust their hearts to impurity so that their bodies would be dishonored among them and so you you have their somata their bodies and You have uncleanness or impurity and This is in the epithumi ice tone Cardione the lusts of their hearts, so Is there a consistency here?

Yes. The dialogues of their hearts we just saw up above. So you have the the diet they're they're they're thinking they're reasoning they're Non-understanding hearts are darkened and So if you will not have the light of God in your heart well, then your heart is going to be darkened and The what should be true desires of the heart for God.

Instead God gives them over paradiddle me same term that's used of the betrayal of Jesus by Judas given over God gives them over and the results is that their heart is filled with lusts and if your heart doesn't have desires for God instead, these are going to become evil desires and so that they are turned over to impurity and Their bodies are dishonored amongst them.

Now he's gonna talk a lot about dishonoring. Where should we first go to understand what it means to dishonor to be dishonored. The first place we should go for Paul is to look at the wisdom literature of the Old Testament.

To look at the creation narratives to understand what it means From the biblical perspective to honor God to be honored by God. These should be the first places. These will be the exact places that Brownson will refuse to go.

He has to but again Follow the argument follow Paul's argument. You'll notice that it's there's no there's no big huge break in here he's talking about what the result of Suppressing the truth of God is and there being a break Between the creature who bears the image of God and God himself and so remember there's been an exchange.

They exchanged verse 23 the the glory of the incorruptible God. Therefore God gives them over their dishonor in their bodies and then verse 24 25 For they exchanged there it is same root again the truth of God for the lie The truth of God for the lie and they worshiped interesting form of the term for worship and Then let ruo the highest form of worship.

They the worship in the very temple itself. They worshipped and served what? The creature para tan tisanta Rather than the Creator who is blessed forever so Here is a almost restatement very clear continuation of the same thought.

When you exchange the truth of God for a lie, it's going to have an impact upon you Internally all of you your body your mind your heart your speculation. Man cannot be divided up into little parts and well this stays pure and this does not the Gnostics are all wrong about that.

No. Instead the result is when you when you make that exchange when you when you exchange the truth of God for the lie. You're gonna worship and serve the creation rather than the Creator that can be no syncretism.

You can't can't you know, that's not how God's worship works who is blessed forever. For this reason so there's there's no break here. D out to talk continues this for this reason God Gave them over paradiddle me once again To degrading passions.

Literally, it's dishonoring because the tomato is to honor so degrading passions. So God gave them over for this reason. It has to do with sin. It has to do with Worshipping Engaging in idolatry, etc. Etc.

Gave them over to degrading passions for even their women. Exchanged there is exchanged again. There is that very same third third time now we've seen it. The natural function for that which is para fusen now.

Well, let's go ahead and read 27 so we can address all of it together Likewise in the same fashion. So you can't you can't break it break this up. Likewise. Also the men Abandoning the natural function of The woman Burned in their desire ice aleilus.

This is not pederasty. This is not an older man with a younger man, this is a Mutual relationship ice aleilus one to another men with men committing indecent acts Indecent acts and receiving in their own persons the due penalty of their error now.

Many many Homosexual scholars will admit that What we have here without question is a discussion not only of male homosexuality. But verse 26 may well be the only place in scripture where we have a direct reference to lesbianism to female homosexuality and There are many that we could we could point to.

Bob Gagnon has done the yeoman's work and putting all this together where he will quote numerous lesbian scholars. Male homosexual scholars who say there isn't any question about what Paul's talking about here.

He is talking about homosexual relationships male and female and that they are indecent. And that's why we just simply have to contextualize Paul and say that was then this is now we move on from there.

They don't even try to do the revisionist saying well Brownson can't do that Brownson is in a context. That's not gonna that's not gonna work. There's got to be some other way to do this got me some other way to do this and That's gonna be on the basis of what natural is now.

It's rather obvious in the context that we're talking about the natural use of The woman and the natural use of the man that this has Biological components. There's all sorts of components that there would be involved in this but That what Paul is doing Remember diya to talk for this reason.

It's it's right there at verse 26. Why does Paul Raise this issue. Well, it is an example of the paradiddle me that results From the metal axon the exchanging of the truth of God for a lie and All the way through Romans 1 he's been saying this suppression of the truth of God results in a fundamental change Inwardly in man and he uses as an example this nothing can be more more basic Than the sexual urge God has placed it within us because that's how the species continues.