Key Advent Texts from Isaiah and Micah, Paul, Demas, Alexander

Christmas Scheduling, Family Plans, and Technical Problems

Greetings, welcome to the dividing line. It is Wednesday. We're cramming three programs into the week before Christmas because it's week for Christmas and Wife and I intend to oh And the wife and I and the wife and I intend to Be with the grandkids.

For well, we had them in our place last year this year. We have to go to where they are and so We didn't even put up a real tree this year. I Bought a little. I almost you know, I almost got I Man, I was looking at I almost hit hit the button at Amazon.

I almost got the Charlie Brown Christmas tree. They've got they've got the little one and it's got it's got one little thing on it. So it's it's great. I almost got it just because I mean, that's great.

It's it's it's a great Christmas tree. But I got one of the it's it's total of three feet tall, but the the base is like this big. So it's about two and a half foot tall. Fiber optic thing. That's all we did except, you know, cuz my wife was like, well, we're not having the kids over so, you know, it's just us and you know and we're not gonna be here and and Stuff and then she ends up going nuts outside.

There's there's Christmas things hanging on. All this stuff outside just not inside it's like.

Whatever fine. See we got we're just the opposite outside looks terrible inside. We've got it all decorated. The only thing I haven't done yet is the train. I don't have the train. Yeah, you know.

We've got a couple trains. I the thing that just bugs me is they're not that I'm in the same size. So I guess you have little trains running around bigger trains, but oh, that's the best way to do it.

And you just use your imagination. I have n scale train. So that we have cats.

We have cats and no kids. I have a show and.

N-scale trains about that. Yeah, I.

Remember when I got my first train set at age five and all the adults played with it and I there's actually a picture. You say there's a there's a picture of me because they put it on the table and here I am looking over.

Over the edge at my train set and all the adults. Up there doing their thing is probably explains how I am the way I am today.

Yeah, the trains all about me. It's not about the young. It's about me. Yeah. Yeah.

Anyway, so of course my parents had the same tree for over 45 years 45 years it was so old. We had to stick toothpicks into the holes because the the things you put the branches into wore out. It's had to put toothpicks and keep them.

I'm just going. Anyhow all the Anti-christmas you're all a bunch of pagan guys are running around their hair on fire right now going. I don't really care. I Don't really care because I have a post-tenebrous Lux Tyndale Greek New Testament Lambskin and I just use some of their Bible butter on it.

So it's it's just. And you don't. No, I don't think so, I don't think so I don't think so I don't know. Anyways, what in the world are we doing here? All right. So our website was under attack and that we're still working on fending all that off.

There's just people in the world that have nothing to do in life. So that's why we posted the live links and stuff on You know straight to YouTube and put it on Facebook and Twitter and stuff like that.

Because those guys are pretty much immune to that kind of thing. So whoever is out there doing that get a life. You know, it's it's the holidays then if some other people I'd like to tell get a life. That's another story.

Preparing for Christmas Conversations with Skeptics

If you have your Bible I'd like to you know. It's Christmas and so I'd like to Think about some of the things that the scriptures say. That are extremely relevant to so many of the groups who we deal with over the years.

Anytime we delve into the text of scripture, we're we're doing things that will be helpful to doing apologetics. And this is you know, this is rather practical so many Christians today are in families with skeptics and unbelievers that especially this time of year you can end up in some fairly serious conversations in fact.

It might be one of the only times during the year when you have even the opportunity to have conversations and it might be the Subject of Christmas and of the incarnation is what will allow you to open up certain areas of conversation as a result.

Some of the more common attacks statements of skepticism. You want to be prepared for and I think all Christians should be prepared and aware of of these things. So For example, and this is one of the most important ones Cold water is so good when New Testament writers when Matthew especially cites from the Old Testament More and more people this was again.

I keep contrasting these things but my grandparents Did not have to deal did not have to minister in a context Where even 1 even a half of percent of the population Would have been exposed to skeptical Scholarship as a part of their upbringing in their education now.

It's the vast majority of people we're dealing with have been exposed to a skeptical upbringing and hence, I Would imagine that many people in my grandparents generation certainly my great-grandparents generation lived where they could quote from Isaiah 714 and never get pushback.

Never from anybody. Isaiah 714 therefore the Lord himself will give you a sign behold a and Alma ha Alma and Alma will be with child and bear a son and she will call his name Emmanuel and so The normative presentation of this text if a Christian is even familiar with it Will be Oh Virgin birth.

And Emmanuel means God with us which means Jesus is God and he's with us and therefore there's the deity of Christ and Like I said, I would imagine only a few decades ago If you had been presented with that Almost no one would have had a pushback.

Now that's not the case and we have to be prepared we have to be Aware of what the text is actually saying what its context is so that it's true meaning can be defended and presented and understood and That we don't find ourselves defending things.

We shouldn't defend. So for example Even atheists are aware of the fact that the Hebrew term Alma in Isaiah 714 Does not Technically mean virgin and When you when you hear that when you get that It is by the way It is you know how dry It got where was that?

I Think I think up like Mount Lemmon or something. I would saw something from the news During that lot that last cold front that came through the dew point got to almost 50 degrees below zero. Do you have any idea that that there's no there is no water in that air at all.

It is dry right now Dry dry dry dry dry. So if you see me chugging down the water, there's there's a reason for that. It is very very Very dry in in desert right now now When you hear someone say that Alma does not mean virgin the Immediate thought is to defend what you thought you had been taught in the past and That's how many Christians find themselves in situations of defending What you don't need to be defending what in fact you can't defend because it's not true.

Alma In the Hebrew language can simply mean a young woman a young woman of marriageable age. There is nothing that demands that it mean Virgin. But it doesn't exclude Virgins, it's just a young woman of marriage marriageable age.

The assumption would be if she's not married that she's a virgin so Within the that that context the assumed meaning if unmarried would be of a virgin but it could also refer to a young woman of marriageable age who has Been married and therefore wouldn't necessarily be a virgin.

So what does that mean? Because if you've just been taught well, here's the virgin birth plainly laid out for us in the Old Testament. You need to understand something about citation of the Old Testament and the utilization of the Old Testament in the New Testament and this is a huge area this is.

Let's just put this way. It's an area pretty much outside of Christmas Turkey or whatever it is you do for Christmas. Discussion at the table probably. It's it's a big area. Entire books huge books tomes have been written on this particular subject, but What you don't need to be doing as a Christian is attempting to argue against the lexical meaning of Alma.

Who was it recently? I was in a debate. Oh Yeah, I was with the fellow at Jason's Church. The former Mormon former Christian now off into some other weirdness. He brought up Alma and Was trying to say something about and I was saying no.

The word means a young woman of marriageable age could be virgin might not be virgin. That's not what Matthew was quoting from. It's like what? Despite the fact that Matthew is writing to Jews He is quoting from the Greek Septuagint and the Greek Septuagint has a specific term right here.

And I guess we're not gonna be putting these up. But Well, I thought we had had other people working on the site. Okay. In other words rich wasn't paying attention before. He's distracted with other things so I It's so small who's gonna see that behold the Virgin the Parthenos the Parthenos and Gostry shall be with child and shall bear a son and you shall call and The name shall be called to him Emmanuel.

So here you have the term Parthenos. We are familiar with the Parthenos in in Athens and Parthenos is the specific technical word for Virgin it does not mean young woman of marriageable age and This is what Matthew is quoting from he's quoting from the Greek Septuagint so When he makes the connection To the virgin birth of Christ He is accurately representing What the version of the scriptures that he's quoting to his audience? represents, so the question is the relationship between Parthenos and ha Alma is Parthenos a Verifiable verifiably accurate Translation of Alma.

Well Alma is not as specific as Parthenos. But the New Testament writer quotes the more specific Application. Because its fulfillment is being found in a very specific application In the virgin birth of Jesus now, there is no question that there was an initial Fulfillment of the prophecy of Isaiah 714 you have to read it in context.

Therefore the Lord himself will give you a sign because The the king had been told to give ask for a sign he wouldn't do it. So the Lord himself will give you a sign behold a virgin will be a child and bear a son.

She will call his name Emmanuel. He will eat curds and honey at the time He knows enough to refuse evil and choose good. For before the boy will know enough to refuse evil and choose good. The land whose two kings you dread will be forsaken so There is no question That in the original context this is a A given sign to the king.

That he does not have to fear the two kings that he's fearing and that before the boy will know enough to refuse evil to choose good. What's what's that two three something like that? The land whose two kings you dread will be forsaken so there something's gonna go on back home and There will be deliverance for the king.

And so What does Emmanuel mean. Well, I won't go into it right now, but especially if your Bible software will allow you to do this you will see that this is a phrase that occurs a number of times between Isaiah 7 and 11 especially in chapter 8 and.

And it's interesting that the chapter 8 portion is quoted by Peter in 1st Peter 3 15 in the Text that we from whence from whence we get our emphasis upon apologetics. Which actually identifies Jesus as Yahweh at least in the best text of the New Testament it does point being that you have This Emphasis upon a Real fulfillment in history.

So you have to have a theology of inspiration that allows for a fulfillment in history. But not a final fulfillment. And when you look at all messianic prophecies. Okay, I won't say all but almost every single messianic prophecy as Applied in the New Testament there was a lesser fulfillment in the past.

Couple of couple of exceptions, but not too many so Be aware of the fact that if you're going to quote Isaiah 714 and Matthew's citation of it then be aware of what the background is and be aware of what some of the objections could be and Be prepared to say well, you know Yes, there was a initial fulfillment back then.

But there's a greater fulfillment in Christ and and that's why I have over the years a couple times preached a sermon where I've gone from Isaiah 6 to Isaiah 11 and Just shown all of the each chapter each chapter has a messianic text within it that the New Testament writers picked up and That includes the phraseology of Emmanuel.

Which by the way if you're gonna say see Emmanuel means Jesus is God. Be careful because there's lots lots and lots and lots of Hebrew names with L as a part of it and That doesn't mean that those people were God.

Emmanuel. God with us would By default be God is on our side. God is with us. God is blessing us. We are God's people Etc, etc. It is only in seeing how that is used with a number of different Texts. That you start seeing that it's not just God is on our side.

But God is with us once you start seeing Isaiah chapter 40 and stuff like that. You start seeing That there is a greater fulfillment to come. But it's always important to know the background and I think there are just a lot of people they just run into Christians and they they find the Christians are proof texting a little text here and proof texting a little text there and they've never looked at the context and that that doesn't that doesn't impress you need to know what the context is and When you can all of a sudden that can open up huge doors.

Really really can I can really open up opportunities and I'm really hoping that a lot of you will have the chance To have some great conversations with your unsaved friends and relatives and To be able to do so to his honor and glory.

So we have that in Isaiah chapter 7. Isaiah chapter 8 I did not have this queued up. So let me just see if I Yes, here's here's the first God is with us is 810. Which is translated for God is with us in the NASB.

But you can see right here Emmanuel Emmanuel with us God. And That's in Isaiah chapter 8 verse 10, but then you go a little bit Just below that and here's the text you're looking at. You are not to fear what they fear or be in dread of it is the Lord of hosts.

It is Yahweh Yahweh sabba oath whom you should regard as holy harosh and This section here in Right here Korean out on a gasset a is Is What is quoted by Peter in first Peter 3 14 going into first Peter 3 15?

But it's Christ as courios that you are to sanctify. The Byzantine manuscripts have a different reading but the earliest reading Very strongly presents the idea of Jesus as Jehovah at this point. So you you continue on and as I recall.

Yeah, then you go straight into chapter 9 and we we know what is found in chapter 9. But it's good to know this too. I mean, I've never I've only run into one or two people who knew this. But here you have our great text.

That we all know for a child would be born to us the son would be given to us the government rest on his shoulders. And his name will be called wonderful counselor mighty God eternal father prince of peace.

Two things. Be aware that if you brought up the Greek Septuagint in talking about Isaiah 7 Notice the Reading in the Greek Septuagint. Megalos bullies Angelos The great Angel of his will. Probably a reference to one of the archangels.

So instead There is there is clearly a. It's not even it's not even variant and that's not really them. That's not really the best. I mean it is a variant technically but there is a Diversion a diverse tradition that is being followed in this particular stream of the Greek Septuagint.

How's that? I've always wanted to do Use the the the Goettingen Septuagint to delve a little bit more deeply into this, but I just haven't gotten around to it yet. But you There's a there's a connection between the two but you know great will be his his rulership Peace a lot of the same terminologies used but it's not a direct translation of the Hebrew.

It is at the beginning of the universe, let me take that back at the beginning of the verse it is but there seems to be a divergence in The tradition that's behind that's being translated by the the Greek Septuagint.

So you have a Pideion again, again a thing here at the beginning a Yellid will be you allotted to us. So a child will be born to us standard term for birth. But then a son will be given to us and There you have been Nathan To us so I I've said many times before I can't prove this Beyond a shadow of a doubt.

But I really do lean toward seeing here Something more than mere Hebrew parallelism. It could be parallelism and what is parallelism. Parallelism is the fact that Is the reality of Hebrew writing? Where you will restate something in a parallel fashion.

To enrich its meaning you'll find this throughout the Psalter. So this could just be parallelism a child reborn to us the Sun will be given to us. But there might be more to it than that the child who is born that's the standard term for birth.

That's the standard term for a little baby. Who's who's just been born the child be warned to us. But a son will be given to us. Now is that a a full-on Annunciation of the Trinitarian doctrine of the relationship of the father and son.

No full on Revelation of the Incarnation. No, but is it possible there's more here than just merely the idea of Hebrew parallelism, it's just just poetry. I Think it is quite possible That in light of its fulfillment in the New Testament you do have the giving of the Sun here I think it's at least valid to see it in the light of what what comes later and His Titles that are given to him such as Sar Shalom Prince of Peace El Gabor mighty God Aviad it's let me Let me mention this too in passing.

I wasn't planning on doing all this but Aviad very frequently throws people for a curve Eternal father. Jesus isn't the father. So how can he be called eternal father? Well, you'll notice that in Hebrew it is one Phrase Aviad and It refers to The father of eternity remember that the term father in the Tanakh is Primarily used of God when it's used of God is primarily used of God in the sense of creator former maker so if Avi Avi You know Abba father from Aramaic.

So Avi if is being used in that sense and this would be that the father of eternity the maker of eternity and that would Fit very very well with Colossians chapter 1 by him all things made at heaven or so and so.

So What you need to remember is the Trinitarian names of Father Son and Spirit our New Testament names. You do have you know kiss the Sun lest he be angry with you and you have a few little references like that but since this is a phrase and It's a descriptive phrase I think it would be best understood as father return to that is the one who created time which would fit with the fulfillment of of Jesus in Colossians chapter chapter 1 and then of course our Shalom Shalom peace.

The very same term Irene that Paul uses in Romans 5 1 Established by the death of Christ by justification by faith in him Irene He is the Prince of Peace he is the one who brings he brings peace in Isaiah 9 so Just a couple of these texts and then of course we do have one that really doesn't have a Primary and then secondary fulfillment.

It doesn't have a Lesser fulfillment and then a greater fulfillment and that is the text that The intertestamental Jews were well aware of and saw as an unfulfilled messianic text Micah 5 2 and When The wise men come and Herod inquires.

Where will the king of Jews be born? This is immediately where they go. So that's really clear evidence in the middle of the first century That the Jews understood this text in that particular fashion but as for you Bethlehem of Ratha New America Sarah goes too little to be among the clans of Judah.

From you one will go forth for me to be ruler in Israel his goings forth and from long ago from the days of eternity if I recall correctly. The ESV has a different reading there. No, but you Bethlehem of Ratha who are too little to be among the clans of Judah.

What was I reading recently? That had It had the translation was not least Amongst the clans of Judah something along those lines. Is is what I recall it it's saying I thought it might have been I thought might have been ESV but Yeah, I see the NET has seemingly insignificant Among the clans of Judah.

Yeah, so it's an interesting interesting Hebrew phrase there, but the point is they pointed to Bethlehem and This is the reason that You Know the wise men go there and then you have the dream and you have the murder of the little children and the flight of the holy family and and All the rest that stuff going on within within that context of Micah 5 2 but as for you Bethlehem of Ratha too little to be among clans Judah.

From you one will go forth for me to be ruler in Israel his goings forth and from long ago from the days of eternity. You know, some people get upset with me. And that's a PII upset all sorts of people.

I may need another glass of water before I get that here. Um, it is just Ridiculous. I am really struggling. Um the Why would people get upset with me? Well, there's a lot of reasons. The older I get the more reasons people seem to find.

But one of the things is that I Sort of I Make you have to do a little bit more work. In other words, you know You used to just be able to quote some verses and then that James Whitefella came along and said well you need to remember that the context this is this the context that is that and be prepared for that and until That prepares you for a witnessing situation and then I hear from those folks going man.

I'm glad you told me about that. So Here's another, you know maybe one of your favorite verses and you may not like to be told how people abuse it or interpret it in a different way, but I'm just trying to help out honest.

I really am because the Jehovah's Witnesses Understand this term right here. So goings forth. Um Activities Origination. Did see the New World Translation. And you know what? I have got to order I've got to order the new NWT.

It's been years and I need to I need to order that especially because for some reason the The electronic version on my phone keeps crashing. Oh great, I just realized this is the iStrain version a little little that there I guess there's silver now I need to I Need to get that.

Excuse me, everybody just remember in Star Trek Wrath of Khan. Yeah, yeah when Kirk has to get the thing out to read the the stuff for Reliance Computer code anyways I'm letting far too many people know that I am a complete utter geek about that.

So, um Let me get there we go. There it is, that's what I thought the New World Translation of Jehovah's Witnesses Says and you Oh Bethlehem of Ratha the one too little to get to be among the thousands of Judah from you there will come out to me the one who is to become ruler in Israel whose origin is from early times from the days of time indefinite and So a Jehovah's Witness, I mean what what year did I get this date?

I didn't write it in there. That's shame. This is the 84 revision. So Yeah, I need to wonder if you can just get those off of off of JW org Jw .amazon .com. That's the that's where you that's where you get the nice the nice version.

I Wonder if anyone's ever sent Jeffrey Rice a New World Translation to be to be rebound. Don't get people. Well, remember remember when I met with that Jehovah's Witness guy remember I've told the story many times before where DL Took me to meet with this.

Well, it was with an employee of his but his employee brought this elder along and he was the guy that slipped me a Handwritten note of Greek. To test if I could read it. No, it wasn't upside down he just miswritten one letter, but he had been carrying it around in his New World Translation and So when I said, yes, I can read that.

He says really and so he opens up his New World Translation and gets out this yellow piece yellow piece of paper I think it was yellow naturally, but Opens up and slides it over to me and says what does that say?

Now that it is hard to read a fragment when you don't know what a context is or anything else but thankfully he had taken it from the New Testament and I said well you miswrote that letter right there, but it it says let no one Deceive you with empty with empty words, and he looks like he looked like he had seen a ghost.

He said I've been carrying this thing for more than 20 years. No one's ever been able to read you the first person who was ever able to to read that correctly. Well once I introduced myself to him found out he knew who I was and he's a Jehovah's Witness that wishes he could do in apologetics for Jehovah's Witnesses what I do and We ended up, you know, we ended up having a very very interesting encounter and and conversation and.

So I just you know, I just just wonder if somebody like that would you want to have a really really really nice The only the only New World Translation like it, you know, can you imagine? So I don't think Jeffrey would do it.

I think he'd do it for me because he'd know how I would use it. I don't I doubted. I don't know. I don't know remember, I think. Yeah, I'm I'm 99 certain. This was that I think this was done by our Jehovah's Witness friend because my Back when I was first learning the languages, this is one of this is actually two different volumes have been bound together Biblically break is dark at stucco tensia and I was partnering with heretics.

Well, but we were doing it to open up doors of witness to this guy and yeah, I also did a really very very good job. I mean, this is in the 1980s. So yeah a couple of my initial Greek New Testaments were done by were actually done by a Jehovah's Witness.

So There you go anyways, what were we talking about so Moses is in the bulrushes and The point is That The New World Translation has the term origin and so a Jehovah's Witness will go to Micah 5 2 and we'll say see he began.

This is his origins are from long ago. But from their perspective Jesus is Michael the Archangel. So he's the first and greatest of God's creations. The only thing that God created directly is Michael the Archangel who becomes Jesus.

So it's through Michael the Archangel that everything else is created. So they will use Micah 5 2 now, there's nothing in that specific Hebrew word that demands the idea of origination or creation. But there are a number of Old Testament texts that Jehovah's Witnesses Especially will utilize Unitarians as a whole who aren't Jehovah's Witnesses Will utilize to try to say that this is indicative of an point of origination.

Micah 5 2 is one of them so you need to be aware of that In the same way the the assertion being from from days of long ago. From the days of eternity going back into Into the eternal past it's not really discussing anything other than the one Who obviously isn't just a human leader?

Because these will not be words used of a prophet a king. Anybody like that? That's why I say this is one prophecy. It doesn't have an initial and then later fulfillment a lesser fulfillment greater fulfillment type theme involved and The intertestamental Jews knew that that's why when Herod says where will the king be the Jews born Bethlehem?

Bethlehem they brought him this specific prophecy and They were exactly right in what they said there. So There you go all right, a Couple of Old Testament texts proper to our season and then yesterday.

And thanks to everybody who wished me. Well yesterday my daughter put up a tweet that has over 400 responses this morning to it birthday tweet, I very much appreciated that and Jeff put up a real nice thing and had like a hundred and fifty hundred sixty Comments on it and and I appreciate all that I'll just be perfectly honest with you.

Once you get to this age birthdays just ain't what they used to be. And one of the only reasons that I even notice it anymore A couple years. It'll be the big six. Oh, we'll do we'll do something. You're you're right there.

I mean You don't look at day over 70 either. So I think it's really good so You know between now and then it's sort of like Just glad that glad to have gotten through. Yeah. Thanks. Yeah glad to have gotten through Grecian formula works.

There's there's your there's your there's your proof. Oh Yeah, oh hey, you know he's he's put his head way down look at look at you mate. You may think you've still got your hair, but I'm glad you weren't pulling a little bit farther back cuz son.

Yeah, you might want to be making sure to wear a hat when it's sunny outside. That's all I can say.

Or you could you could end up getting a pretty good sunburn yourself and may I once again remark about my.

Rocking proper Sweater today. Just saying. Yeah. Yeah, some people can just only handle so many colors at once. So anyways Yesterday I did my. I have a tradition I started when I was 43. So this is the 14th year.

I've done it of Trying to climb 100 feet on bike for every year of age so the first year was 4 ,300 feet than 4 ,400 feet and the problem with that is the older you get the harder it gets. It's.

Well, aren't you at some point gonna run out of Arizona?

No, no, because I did I did mine yesterday inside. So I did Zwift and Zwift has mountains you can just climb over and over again and just keep on going and and well I do that even when I was gonna do South Mountain.

But it was it was cold yesterday. It was literally cold yesterday. And so I'm sort of glad I did it inside. Some reason the older you get the less your muscles want to work in the cold. That's my that's my experience anyway but before I got on bike I posted a little something on Facebook and the more I looked at it the more fascinated I've Become with this so very quickly we only have about 15 minutes.

Paul, Demas, and Alexander in 2 Timothy 4

Second Timothy chapter 4. Paul's writing to Timothy his end is near. He even says that He probably knows this is the last time that he will have any communication with Timothy. Is these the last words?

He's gonna say to Timothy You don't waste your time. Now he does seem to hope that Timothy will be able to get to him and bring him the the cloaks and the parchment and stuff like that but He also recognizes that may not happen.

Make every effort to come to me soon. Second Timothy 4 9 for Demas Having loved this present world has deserted me and gone to Thessalonica now. I'm not going to go over this because We looked at Demas I don't know about six months or so ago in regards to apostasy and It is very plain to me that Demas is Abandonment, I mean you look Demas for me abandoned deserted Loving the present age and has gone to Thessalonica.

So The emphasis upon me he has abandoned Because he loved this present world Crescens has gone to Galatia Titus Dalmatia. Nothing negative mentioned about them. Only Luke is with me. Pick up Mark and bring him with you for he is useful to me for service now.

There's a lot that could be said there. There's a lot about restored relationships. There's a lot about grace. There's a lot about You know the whole concept of restoration and redemption because it's obvious That the issue of Mark had been Important in Paul's life.

It had been what caused a dispute Between Paul and Silas and Paul and Barnabas and Sorry Paul and Barnabas and Yet here years down the road Peace has been made that something has happened. Well, maybe we find out someday.

I don't know. But something has happened and Mark Who had been rejected by Paul for having turned back is now considered useful to me for service that There is a lot there about someone who has been Who fails in ministry and then gets a second chance?

There's grace there. There's restoration. That's that's great Tick I guess I have sent to Ephesus when you come bring the cloak which I left at Troas with Karpis and the books. Especially the parchments the membranas the parchments.

Again there's some all sorts of speculative stuff that's been done there this is. This is practical living stuff and The parchments would they have been blank parchments for writing or things that are even written we don't know there's all sorts of speculation About how all that works.

But then we have this Alexander the coppersmith did me much harm the Lord Repay him according to his deeds now notice something. I Noticed this while I was translating it the the term repay Apodosai here in the national 28th is simply the future.

So the Lord Will repay him. He's stating a fact but Apodosai Which is found in the majority text is subjunctive. So it's expressing the desire may the Lord Repay him according to his deeds. Not a major variant there's a lot of places where the subjunctive in the future sort of coalesce and things like that so.