Basic Greek Prepositions

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00:00
So we're broadcasting tonight.
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For those people who cannot be here, we're broadcasting live via Facebook.
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So hopefully if you are a student, you're watching along at home.
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So if you cannot be here for the class, we are going to, we're going to be doing several things tonight.
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Most importantly, we're going to be doing what the syllabus calls for, and that is to go over your homework, which was Lesson 7 in the textbook.
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And then we are going to go into Lesson 8, which is where we begin to deal with prepositions and learning some new, very common prepositions in the Koine Greek.
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Now on the board, I have given 10 Greek words that we have already used several times in this class.
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And because this is a Greek vocabulary class, pop quiz.
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Put your books away, take out a piece of paper.
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It's pop quiz time.
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If you have a piece of paper, you can write on the back of something you've already been given.
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Here are 10 words.
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I want you to write the words in Greek, and then I want you to define that word in English.
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Write the word in Greek, and then I'm going to have us say them phonetically in the Erasmus pronunciation, and then you are going to write what they mean.
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10 words, 10 answers.
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All right, everyone got as many as you think you can? Good? Good? All right.
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Take your paper, hand it to the person next to you.
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We're going to grade each other's work.
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You remember this from school, right? Frank doesn't remember anything from school? They're still teaching proverbs.
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All right.
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Is there enough for everybody to trade? Did everybody get to trade? We worked it out? Okay.
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All right, so first word is pronounced, and when I say first word, we're going to start here, and we're going to go down, and then go back down the other side.
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So starting here, this word is chi, and what does the word mean? It is the conjunction and.
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It can also be translated even.
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Not even as in like, you know, two plus two is, or two is even with two, but like if Jesus says, unless you're baptized with water and the spirit, you could say unless you be baptized by water, even the spirit in the sense of making an equality between the water and the spirit, the water of the spirit.
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So it can have a little different nuance of meaning, but in general, it's just simply and.
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The most basic sense is and.
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Next word.
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Theos is the word, generic word for God.
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That's right.
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Very good.
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Now, this next one was not a trick, but it was the most difficult one, because I'm not sure we've gone over this one in the book, but I know we've talked about it in class.
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What's the word? Archaic, and what is the word archaic mean? The beginning.
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If you think about like, archaic means something that is old, or archaeology, studies of the old.
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It comes most, the thing you might remember is John 1.1, an archaic in the beginning.
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Yes.
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Well, it depends on how it's used in the sentence, and that it would be, an archaic would be the beginning.
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Yeah, but generally beginning or, you know, the old, you know, something can be old, but particularly beginning.
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They are, you think of like an archangel, the highest, you know, or the, so it can have beginning, height, those type things.
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Okay, next is safas, and what is safas? What is it? Wisdom.
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Wisdom, that's right.
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Safas means wisdom.
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How do we, what's a word that we use with safas in it? An English word.
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Philosophy.
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Philosophy, which means what? Study of wisdom.
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Actually, it's the love of wisdom, because safas means love, so philosophy is the love of wisdom.
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In general, it's a derogatory term when somebody loves wisdom, and we think a philosopher is a good thing, but from a biblical perspective, you know, a lot of times the philosophies of this age are those who love the wisdom of the world, not necessarily the wisdom of God.
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Next, biblos.
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Biblos is the word for book.
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Charlie got it.
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It is book.
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All right, next.
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In means? In, that's easy.
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That's right.
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But you see, you're already, you're reading the letters.
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You didn't say ev.
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You said in.
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That's good.
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That means you've, you've made that neural pathway.
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You've connected that dot.
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You've started to read the letters as you should.
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The next word is lagas, and lagas means word.
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That's right.
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All right, the next word.
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It's in your book several times.
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Thronos means throne or chair.
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Yeah, I forgot.
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Didn't you miss that one? Okay, okay.
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All right, the next word is mikros, which means small, small.
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Do you remember Jesus' disciples? Some of them had more than one name, and there was James, and then there was James the Less.
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All right, you remember that? There was the one who was called James the Less.
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His, the name, the word is actually mikros.
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So he was, and I, I tend to think that was possibly a nickname that he was referred to.
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Yeah, kind of like little James.
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Yeah, he's, he's, he's, maybe he was a smaller stature person or something, but mikros is where we translate the less.
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Now, it could mean lesser important James, of course, and that could be a later thing.
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Could, might not have been what he was called, but what he was called later as the lesser important.
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I would, I would like to hope that's maybe not the case.
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Yeah, it could have been.
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That's right.
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It's like when somebody calls me tiny.
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Yeah, we know that that's not the case.
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Yeah, yeah, you call me mikros.
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Last one.
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Cardia means heart.
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That one we should know.
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I've been talking about that from day one.
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That's one of the easiest words that is transliterated into English, and we use it all the time for the word, the word for heart, cardia.
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All right, you had your first test in Greek.
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How did you do? Hand your paper back.
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Give yourself a grade.
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Take off a, take off 10 points out of 100 for everyone that you missed, and give yourself a grade at the top.
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That's okay.
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That's okay.
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Hey, hey, you know what? You, you, if you got a 50, that means you got 50 percent of them right.
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So that's a, take, take a positive.
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You're learning.
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How'd you do, John? 40.
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40? Hey, you got 40 percent of them.
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Okay.
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All right.
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Huh? Because one of them I didn't write down.
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Oh, okay, so you messed yourself up.
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All right.
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All right, so, but even with that, you did good.
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You got seven out of ten.
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All right, just put that in your folder.
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You should be keeping a folder for class.
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I don't need them.
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I just, that's for your own edification.
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We're going to do that probably again next week when more people are here, but I wanted to start tonight with something a little different.
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Get you guys, get your creative, and your, your, get your thinking caps on, as it were, get your creative minds going.
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All right, take out your book, Basic Greek in 30 Minutes a Day by James Found.
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This is our textbook, and we are on page 40.
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This was your homework, page 40, lesson 7, introducing you to all kinds of new vocabulary words, and all of these words are words that we find in the New Testament.
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The first word I find very interesting, and I'm not sure if maybe you do as well as I do.
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What's the first word? Somebody say it.
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Pharmakaia.
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Pharmakaia.
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Thank you.
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The epsilon, the epsilon iota makes a, a sound, like in the, the letter, the, the number eight, so it'd be pharmakaia, because you have the epsilon iota.
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Okay, so pharmakaia is what? Drugs.
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Yeah, we think of pharmacy.
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I remember when I was a kid, somebody said my, my grandmother's going to the drug store, and I remember thinking, wow, your grandmother's into drugs.
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That's really scary, because I, you know, we didn't know the difference between medicine and drugs, and the same idea here, but pharmakaia actually, in the ancient world, would have referred more to magic, sorcery, that kind of an idea, and yet, and if you think about what modern chemical concoctions are, a lot of them are sort of a form of sorcery.
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Is that going to be too hard on you? I don't mind turning it off.
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I just, I was a little warm, but I've sat there before, so if you get too cold, just, I'll go turn it, turn it down.
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It's like somebody who mixes potions.
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Yes, yes, exactly.
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Yeah, yeah, the idea of a sorcerer or something like that.
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Okay, next word is oinos.
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It is wine, oinos.
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We should love that one.
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That's why we're set free.
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Yes, possibly.
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Yes, sir.
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No, I'm going to say drugs, but back in the day, they didn't mean drugs.
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In, as I said, in the ancient world, pharmakaia would have related more to the work of the sorcerer.
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The idea of medication and medical drugs wouldn't have really been in the view of that word.
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Right.
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Yeah.
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You know how words, you know, meanings sort of evolve? Yeah, that's what I'm saying.
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Like today, it would mean, in our culture, what it would mean is pharmacy, drugs, like, like, like the drugs you get from a doctor.
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Okay.
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Yeah.
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Yeah.
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But that's, that's why it's sometimes important.
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You know, people get the, get a definition of a word and they, they do what's called, they make an anachronism.
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They read a modern understanding into an old word.
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If you read the modern understanding of pharmacy into pharmakaia, you would actually be misinterpreting the word.
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Give you a good example.
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The word dunamis.
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Dunamis means power.
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And I've heard many pastors say, dunamis means power.
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And it's where we get the word dynamite.
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So dunamis is the dynamite of God.
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That sounds great, but there was no such thing as dynamite in the first century.
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And so while I get the point, they're actually making an anachronism.
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They're taking something later that the word meant and reading it back into its original meaning.
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And so we have to be careful with that.
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Yes, sir.
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So would that apply to like oils for anointing or medicine, or is medicine a different word? I would have to look that up.
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I'm not sure.
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I don't think that it would refer to the oils for anointing though.
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That would be a different word.
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Yeah.
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All right.
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Next word down.
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Say it.
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Despotase.
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Very important word.
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We have the English word.
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What's the English word that comes from that? Despotase.
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A despot.
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A despot is another word for a ruler or a person in authority.
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Yeah.
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So on here, it's number, yeah, tyrannical ruler.
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A despot.
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Ethnicos.
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Next word.
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Ethnicos.
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Good.
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BJ, what's the meaning? It is from the word ethnos, which means.
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That's okay.
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Yeah.
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And if you think of the English word ethnic, what do we say? What do we mean when we say ethnic? We're talking about different nations, different races, different nations.
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Yeah.
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Okay.
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Next word.
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It's thesaurus.
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Yeah.
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Because it's got the eta there.
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So it's thesaurus.
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But what is thesaurus? It's a treasure.
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Yeah.
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A thesaurus is a treasury of words.
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Yeah.
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Never made that.
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Here's an interesting theological idea.
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In the Roman Catholic Church, they have something called the thesaurus meritorium.
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And that is the idea that there is a treasury of merit that Christ and the other saints have so much merit that they have an abundance more than they needed.
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And so when we need forgiveness or we need something of righteousness, we can borrow or take from their thesaurus meritorium or their treasury of merit, which is, again, it's all part of the bad Roman Catholic theology.
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But still, that's another place where that word is used and used theologically.
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Okay.
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Moving on.
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Next one.
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Apostasy.
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A very important word.
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What does it mean? Falling away from the faith.
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The English word is apostasy.
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You'll hear that word very frequently if you're discussing the subject of eternal security.
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Can someone truly fall away from the faith? Well, yes, someone can claim the faith and fall away.
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But depending on your theological position, we would argue, at least I would argue from my position, that the person who falls away demonstrates that they were not saved if they reject the faith completely.
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Yeah.
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An apostate is someone who claimed the faith and then rejects the faith.
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It's not somebody who sins.
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See, a lot of times people think apostasy, and again, I can't do this with every one of these words because I'll end up spending the whole night.
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But all these words are important, right? And people think apostasy is somebody who sins.
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No, apostasy is rejecting the faith.
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Now, you can reject the faith through sin, and sin can cause you to reject the faith.
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But a believer's sin, and we battle sin, the idea of apostasy is someone who loves their sin, and as a result refuses to submit to Christ and turns to their sin and from Christ.
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So that's the more formal meaning.
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Okay, next.
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Nardos, which is? Nard.
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Sounds like an insult.
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You're such a nard.
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Yeah, it's perfume.
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That's the word you talked about, ointment, you mentioned earlier.
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Okay, next.
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Moussikos is? Music.
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Yeah, make sounds on an instrument.
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Music.
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Yeah.
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Nine.
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Trauma.
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We talked about that one last time.
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That is trauma.
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Literally, it's a transliteration.
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Yeah, yes, yes, it's that, BJ.
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Very good.
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Yeah.
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Number 10.
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Catastrophe.
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Catastrophe.
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Yeah, it's fe.
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It's a hard A at the end, but yes, that's, it's the same as the English catastrophe.
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The meaning there again is P, which is, it means to be turned down and refers to disasters like earthquakes where everything is turned over or turned, turned up.
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Next, 11.
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Tornay.
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Pornay.
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Pornay.
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I'm sorry, I said tornay.
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Pornay.
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Yep, all day long.
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That's where we get the word pornography.
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I don't like to, pornay, prostitute.
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Yeah.
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Pornia means illicit sexual behavior.
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Pornay, I guess, could be specific to a person of illicit sexual behavior.
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So as a prostitute, I think that's, that can be a little more broad.
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You'll hear the word pornia often discussed when Jesus refers to the issue of divorce.
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It's unless a man, if a man divorces his wife for any reason other than sexual immorality, which is the translation of the word pornia there.
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All right.
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Number 12.
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Eidolon.
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Eidolon.
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Actually, Eidolon.
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Eidolon, which is, no, it's Eidolon.
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I'm sorry.
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I said it by myself.
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Eidolon, which is, it's an idol.
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Yeah, that's why I was messing up.
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It's idol.
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And idol is, it's actually based on the idea, the word of idolatria.
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Lotria is the word for worship.
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So idolatry is idol worship.
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Yep.
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Yep.
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An idol is a false object of worship.
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Next word.
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Number 13.
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Scalios is crooked.
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Next word.
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Mephetes.
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Mephetes means, yeah, it's, it's the, it's letter F.
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It just means, it's essentially learning and a Mephetes is a learner.
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So, you know, we generalize math as what happens with numbers, but math, Mephetes is learning.
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It's, all right, next 15.
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Soma.
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This is a very important word because it's important to distinguish between the soma and the sarx.
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In Greek, you will see two words, soma meaning body, sarx translates flesh.
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In general, when the scripture refers to the body, it's referring in a positive sense, the body of Christ, for instance, church is called the body of Christ.
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But when it talks about sarx or flesh, it's referring to the negative, the flesh wants the, the, the sinful things.
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It's the, it's the flesh that, you know, the lust of the flesh, the pride of the eyes, the, the, you know, the pride of life, you know, the lust of the flesh, the pride of life, those, those things are, that's sarx.
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So even though it's not on the paper, it's a good, it's, even though you might think of them similarly as body and flesh, they're, they're, there's two different Greek words there.
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And then last word.
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Magos, meaning magic, magi.
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We'll get the word for wise men.
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All right, moving over, we're going to look at a special use of the letter Iota.
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Iota, remember my first, I think it was the first or second week I mentioned, I say Iota kind of funny.
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I say, I almost say like Yoda, like the Star Wars character, because I'm saying Iota, Iota, yeah, yeah, yeah.
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And, and where that becomes important is actually in this part, because you'll notice where it is Iacob, Iacob is Iacob.
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Ionas, Ionas is Ionas.
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Iesus is Iesus, right? So that is how that Io or Ie becomes a ye, ye sound, right? And we've all heard in the song, The Little Drummer Boy, I mentioned this, I think, last week, baby yesu, that's yesus, that's this, saying it this way.
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All right, next, what's number four? Jeremias, or Jeremias, which is Jeremiah, the prophet, that's right.
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What's the next one? Jesus, yesus, that will be on the quiz next week.
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If we do another pop quiz, Jesus is going to be on the pop quiz.
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Next one, which is the Jordan River.
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Next, yep, capital, remember the capital, gamma, looks like a gallows, looks like a hangman, right? So that's Genesis, Genesis.
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All right, next, Corinthos, which is Corinth, yeah, or Corinthian.
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And next, Nathanael, yeah, Nathanael.
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All right, moving on down, yeah, Udiah, Udiah would be what? Judea.
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All right, next, Judas, Judas is Judas.
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Next, Nicodemus, Nicodemus is Nicodemus.
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Next, Cornelius, Cornelius is who? Cornelius.
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Next, Pontius Pilate, Pontius Pilate, that's right, and Thomas, all right, that's Thomas.
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Okay, just say them out loud, number 16, Jesus, number 17, Jacob, number 18, Jeremias, yep, number 19, Jacobas, number 20, Ioannes, Ioannes, that is what? It's James, Ioannes.
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I'm sorry, you're right, you're right, I'm looking at the, I'm looking at the wrong one, you're right, it's Ioannes is James, or John, and Jacobas is James, my bad.
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And then last one, 21, Udiah, who is Judah.
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All right, going down the list, let's just, to get through this, what, these are simply pronunciations, give me, number one is? B.
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Number two is? B.
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Say it together, number three? A.
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A is right, number four? B.
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B, number five? B.
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B.
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Number six? A.
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A.
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Udiah, sounds like a threat, you mess with me, Udiah.
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Number seven? Number seven is B.
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Number eight? A.
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Eight is B, Jacob, because of the hard omega.
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Number nine? A.
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Yep, Ioannes.
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Number ten? B.
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B, number eleven? A.
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Yep, Kea.
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Number twelve? A.
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Twelve is B, Thesaurus, Thesaurus, because of the eta.
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Thirteen? A.
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Okay, it is B, and number fourteen? A.
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Is A, very good.
26:52
Oh goodness, we got two pages left, I thought we were almost done.
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Took you three hours.
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This took you three hours? Well, praise the Lord, you spent three hours working on your Greek this week, I commend you for that hard work.
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How many of you are planning to come to the next term, Old Testament survey? It's going to be quite different, next term is not going to be a workbook like this, so if this is a little difficult for you, this has been the only one we've done this way, and hopefully you're getting something out of this, but just know that each term is a little different, there's always something new.
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I'm working on all of the, I'm working on all the lessons for the next term as we, as we speak actually, I'm going through exactly what we're going to do for those eight weeks.
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All right, so let's go through the answers, getting, if you're, if you're, if you're listening online, this is page 43, beginning number 15, the answer is E, number 16, D, number 17, C, that's right, if you, if you have it wrong and you have a question, ask, number 18, B, number 19, A, number 20, K as in Kevin, 21, 21 is F, 21 is F, Phyllis, yeah, 22, I, Lagos, number 23, by the way, most of these were on your quiz, or some of these were on your quiz, Sophia, that is G, number 24, H, number 25, J, number 26, O, number 27, yep, Adolphos means what? Brother, that's right, so if you put Phyllis and Adolphos together, what do you get? Philadelphia, the city of brotherly love, number 28, yep, number 29, L, that's good, all right, Matthew 1, the first word in Matthew 1 is what? Book of the genealogy or generations, either one would, would be okay, of Jesus, and you notice the genitive there, right, because it's of Jesus, Christ, the son of David, that's right, now, there was a man, oh, I gave you the answer, sorry, there was a Anthropos, sent from Theu, God, his, and why doesn't, why doesn't the genitive there have the of, it's the object of preposition, that's right, all right, his name was John, outside of the dogs, and pharmakoi, which are sorcerers, and the sexual, I tell you, that's an interesting adjective, the sexual, all right, all right, it's sexually immoral, is how it's translated in, I think, the ESV, the pornoid, you could just say the, yeah, the sexual works for me, and the murderers, and the idolaters, and those loving and doing falsehood, can you imagine that at the end of your life, the way you are described is those who love falsehood, and love to do falsehood, loving and doing falsehood, wow, all right, moving on to page 44, servants submit to your despotase, isn't that interesting, yeah, we are to submit to them with all, yeah, think of the FUBU, that's not FUBU, it's fear, not only to do good, but also to the, could be translated unjust, skalios means crooked, but it can be translated unjust, all right, the next one is a proper name of a place, the land of Zebulun, and land of Naphtali, by the way of the sea, beyond the Jordan, Galilee of the Gentiles, what's that, okay, awesome, when you pray, don't use vain repetition as the Gentiles, notice the word ethnikoi there, that's, again, that word ethnos, it's that same word, ethnic, ethnos, to the Jew, anyone who wasn't a Jew was a dog, they were the outsiders, they were the unsaved, they were the unsanctified, they were the bad, so to consider the ethnos, or ethnic, it's kind of crazy, because you go to the grocery, the food section that is not white food, is ethnic food, it's the same thing, yeah, okay, yeah, yeah, it's not, yes, sir, Brian, will be what now, can be translated pagan, as the pagans do, but again, remember, too, in the Jewish terminology, it's the same, the idea of a Gentile, they're pagans, they're not worshippers of Yahweh, therefore they are pagan, yeah, no, that's fine, that word's fine, all right, next is, Jesus took bread, blessed it, and gave it to his, yeah, Mephitites, which is disciples, saying, take eat, this is my body, very good, all right, so that ends lesson seven, now we're going to move to a lesson that I think is very fun, and it's short, but this is lesson eight, I like it, not only because there's a photograph, and I'm a simple-minded person who likes to look at pictures when I'm studying, but it's an important part of sentences, and that is the preposition, prepositions, they tell you where you are, or where you're going, or where you've been, and so they're a very important part of language, and typically, they're small words, and we have some relationships with our own English language that we can use to remember these, the first one is, Thronos is an oiko, what is the N there, what is it translating? Yep, in, it's, he's in the house, right, so look at the picture, Thronos is in oiko, the house, oiko is house, and you see the chair, or the throne, is in the house, right, so in is so easy, because it's literally the same word, we just spell it differently, we spell it with the epsilon new, rather than in, but it's still pronounced exactly the same, and it means the same, it's in, all right, number two, Byblos is epithrono, what is epi? It's on, it's on the throne, yes, sir, remember how I said the endings are changed, how it's used in the sentence, this is being used as the object of the preposition, yeah, yeah, yeah, so that's why you're seeing it different, yeah, okay, yes, yeah, it's still Thronos, but it's Throno, because the ending is telling you that it's being used, yeah, Throno is being used in the, Throno being used differently in the sentence, now, that being said, you guys at Setfree, y'all should know this word, and I'm going to give you a way to remember this, you have something at Setfree called overseers, right, the Greek word for overseers is episkopos, or where we get the word episcopal, you've heard of the episcopal church, right, or the episcopal form of church government, epi means over, skopos means see, so the word episkopos means overseer, and episkopal leadership in a church means you have an overseer, or somebody who's at the top, Roman Catholicism is an episkopal form of church government, because they have a person at the top who oversees everything, he's called the Pope, Anglicanism is also episkopal, that's why the American Anglican church is called the episkopal church, because they have the Archbishop of who's the overseer of the church, in the biblical model, which I believe we follow here, we have a group of people called elders, and the elders are the episkopos, or the overseers of the church, right, that's how that word is used, episkopos, and that's where you remember epi means over, skopos means see, so to oversee, okay, all right, so I don't know if that'll help you, but hopefully it will, for you to remember, all right, Scorpios is entering ace, ace is the place for me, what, into, he's entering into, and how do we remember ace, acegesis, reading into the text, yeah, now a lot of people say isogesis, but it's actually should be pronounced acegesis, if you follow the Rasmian phonetic pronunciation, so it's acegesis means to read into the text, so ace means into, all right, now Anthropos is leaning ante, oikou, or ante, ante is fine, ante, ante, it kind of makes me think of like an ant, against, it is against, yes, you're right, sorry, I went on a mental retreat there for a second, thinking about the word ant and ante, and like me, when I grew up, I always had my aunt Wendy, and I would meet a friend, he goes, oh, that's my auntie, well, what, what makes a difference, the same, all right, so yes, ante, oikou is against the house, letter g, anthro, hold on, it is misspelled, that should say, that's in very good catch, because I, I caught it as I read it, but you guys caught it first, that should be a row, not a p, so it's Anthropos is walking pros oikon, pros oikon, toward, pros is toward, can also mean with, because if you think about John 1,1, enarke ein halagas, kai halagas ein pros tantheon, was with God, somebody might say, was toward God, well, it's not really the, the, the proper way, I think, to, to translate it, I think with is better, but yes, in this sense, in the simplest sense, pros is, is toward, okay, Leon is running dia oikou, through, that's right, because his tail is hanging out, he's going through, how do we remember dia, here's a good, here's a, help, help, if I have a circle, and I, yes, thank you, because if you start from the middle and work your way out, you're doing the radius, because it's radiating out of the center, but if you start on one side and go through the middle, you are going, the diameter, you're going through the circle, so dia means through, all right, dendron is growing para oikou, what's dendron, tree, and it is, dendron is growing beside, and this is, this one should, this is an English equivalent, because we use para all the time, if you say you're going to parallel park, right, you're parking beside the curb, you're parallel parking with the curb, or, or if you're walking parallel to someone else, you're beside them, right, you're not in front of them or behind them, you're beside them, so para, to be beside, we, yes, it works beside the military, para church ministries work beside the church, those, those are all good examples, okay, scorpios is climbing in, dendro, ek, ek, dendro, you guys are catching me good tonight, yes, ek means what, how do we remember ek, ek, exit, and exegesis, out, read out of the text, rather than exegesis, to read into the text, so yes, ek means out, and camellas is walking away, apa oikou, apa, from, thank you, yes, from, from, so, let's have a little fun, let's have a little fun, take out a piece of paper, before we go on, take out, not a quiz, everybody starts to moan, this is supposed to feel like school, well, this was supposed to feel like school, thanks Mark, yes, all right, what I want you to do, we're going to have a little fun, I want you to take and draw a circle, maybe this should be the quiz for next week, we'll do it tonight, then maybe it'll still bring it into next week, you see how many people watched on video, all right, so if this circle represents the space that we are working with, with our prepositions, let's put our prepositions in the right place, so first, what would be on, all right, so epi would be on, what would be, what would go here, in, okay, all right, what would be something, out would be what, out, going out is, yeah, so something going in, yeah, you're right, it'd be ace, which actually, it just says it's, it would be ace, okay, so you're going in, it's ace, going out, it's ec, all right, um, let's do going toward would be cross, ace is into, into, that's right, press, I might do this as a diagram and have everybody try to write it, it might be a good remember, remembering tool, um, and, um, we said going into, uh, is, uh, or going toward is pros, and going away from is apa, apa, apostolos, yeah, or, uh, apostolos is actually apostle, I meant to say apostasia, which is to go away from the faith, yeah, okay, yeah, sent means to be sent, yep, okay, so apa, away, all right, so, uh, what's the other one, if I put something, if I put this circle over here, it is beside, which is para, I'm sorry, uh, megadesk is a very troubling thing sometimes, megadesk, now, if I, if I go all the way through, what am I, all right, now, this one's going to be kind of hard to draw, but I'm going to try to draw it, this is against, what is against, anti, alpha, upsilon, no, I'm sorry, alpha, nu, sorry, alpha, nu, tau, iota, so we have in, epi, ace, anti, pros, is toward, dia, through, para, beside, ek, out of, and apa, is away from, or from, all right, so there are basic prepositions, of course, there are others, uh, we didn't do things like, uh, huper, under, or hyper, or those words which are, uh, going to come later, but those are some nine basic prepositions, all right, moving into the next page, now, each of these is associated with a photo in the book, each of these is associated with a photo in the book, now, I'm going to say it, you tell me which photo it is, now, here's the thing, none of the men in the picture are designated by name, you have to determine who they are based on the preposition, so if I say, Danielle is sitting, epi, throno, who is sitting on the throne, D, it's Daniel, Despotase is whipping someone in Oiko, it's E, he's whipping him in the house, you see it in the picture, which is, all right, yeah, I didn't write the book, don't give me a hard time, all right, Edo is placed para, thesauro, beside the treasure, where's the idol beside the treasure, letter N, very good, Kamelas is going apa, Oiko, which is at the letter M, that's right, Leon is lying para, Petra, beside the rock, that's letter J, all right, Diabolos is going at Cardias, yeah, he went out of the house, we have expelled the devil, I have exercised the demons, okay, all right, where we at, which number, I lost my place, seven, Kamelas is going dia, Oiko, that's through the house, that's A, that's right, okay, all right, Gabriel is going ace, Oikon, yeah, he's going into the house, you can barely see it, but his wings are behind him, so your assumption is, he's going in the house, Kronion is leaning antebiblon, against the bible, Kronion is the skull, so it is F, Methates is coming pros dendron, he's coming toward, that's right, toward, kind of, the word coming kind of throws us off, because we usually say going toward, coming away, but he's going to, he's coming toward the tree, yes, Leon is coming at Oiko, coming, yeah, yep, out of the house, that's right, so that is, I got the devil, I got lions, all right, yes, is placed on the rock, that's right, so that is number, letter I, 12 is I, 13, if he's leaning, ante is against the tree, so that is letter C, that's, that's what they think a prophet looks like, a happy face, it looks like a happy face, no, no, me either, Jonah, yeah, Diabolos is coming ace Oikon, yeah, I think the way his, I think it's age, because of the way his pitchfork is pointing, yeah, yeah, Methates is coming pros thesauron, yep, toward the treasure, all right, we're almost done, and we're just going to close with prayer, we're not going to take a break, you guys, I'm going to let you go home early, because of the, what doesn't seem like to be bad weather at all, but the storm us, it's the inclement weather us, okay, number one, what is the first word, and Jesus came from, that's right, from Nazareth, and Galileas is Galilee, and was baptized by going into the Jordan, I said, I shouldn't give you that one, the Jordan, now, real quick, not to be a real stickler on this, but this is another point about baptism, notice Jesus goes into the Jordan to be baptized, he doesn't stand outside and have John bring the Jordan to him, he's not being sprinkled, and he wasn't called John the sprinkler, he's called John the Baptist, is he, oh, okay, I love you, I love, I love you, brother, I'm just, I'm teasing, all right, so he went into the Jordan and was, yeah, coming out of the water, he saw the heavens opened, that is out, all right, number two, beloved, that's right, condemns us not, we have boldness toward God, toward God, yeah, number three, innumerable as the sand, which is beside, beside the seashore, yeah, yeah, think about the word, and just to help you, another little help, parable, what is a parable, taking a story and setting it beside a truth so that you can better understand the truth, it's a, it's a, it's setting something beside something else, para, all right, number four, so that through death he might destroy him who had the power of death, that is the devil, and for those who were held in slavery by, yep, phobos, phobos, phobos is fear of death through all their lives, all right, don't you know that whoever was baptized into Christ Jesus, I gave you that one, was baptized into his death, we are buried with him, therefore, we're buried with him, therefore through baptism into death, so that as Christ Jesus was raised, he was raised, it's out of or from the dead, nekron is dead, dia means through the glory of the patris, which is father, we all think of the word paternity, patriarch, that's father, we also might walk in newness of life, see how important the prepositions are, it's like every, every few words, you're going to run into these prepositions and they're all over, so last week I gave you a handout, on that handout there were several sentences in Greek, there were several bible verses, you guys still have that handout, a good thing that you can do, especially while it's fresh in your mind, if you have time tonight, or maybe early in the morning when you're doing your devotions, take that out and go through and underline the prepositions, look for these nine prepositions and see where you can, see where they're coming up and what you can, how you can begin putting the sentences together and understanding how the sentences flow, all right, let's pray, father I thank you for this time that we've been together tonight, I pray and that it has been useful and educational and most of all lord that it has glorified you, lord we seek to glorify you in everything we do, even in our times of study, for lord more than anything in this world, it is our desire to know you and to know your word because there's nothing of more infinite value than that, and lord I thank you for all those who came out tonight, I thank you for those who joined us online, I pray lord that you'd bless us with a desire to continue to study together, in Christ's name, amen.