Dr. Dan Biddle: 10 Evidences of the Flood

Boot Camp 2024 at Dinosaur Adventure Land

Adventureland in Lenox, Alabama. This is our Boot Camp 2024. We started in 2005, Creation Boot Camp to get people equipped to go fight the devil and his stupid lies about evolution. We teach that evolution is the dumbest and most dangerous religion in the history of the world, and it's nothing but a religion.

You have to believe in evolution. You have to believe you're related to a strawberry, don't you, Dave? Yeah. Anyway, tonight, Dr. Dan Biddle is going to talk about the flood. The Bible says in 2 Peter 3, the scoffers at the end of time would be willingly ignorant of the creation.

They don't understand what that creation was like. They're ignorant of the flood, and they're ignorant of the coming judgment of God. There's a judgment. Most Christians are ignorant of the flood. They don't understand.

One atheist said, do you think there's enough water on the earth to cover the whole world? I said, well, theoretically, one drop would cover the whole world if you spread it real thin. They got upset about that, did all kinds of programs.

I said, how many molecules are there in a drop? If you spread it over the whole world, it'd be how many molecules per square inch. There's still enough to cover the whole world. They believe the whole universe fit in a dot smaller than an atom, and they get mad about me and my dot.

I love picking on them. Anyway, tonight, Dr. Dan Biddle, we are looking for a mechanic here at Dinosaur Adventure Land. If you're a retired military, a good mechanic, or somebody retired, anybody, come live with us.

We'll give you a cabin, a place to stay, pay all your utility bills, and work you half to death. Basically, that's what it amounts to. It's a blast around here, but there's always something breaking down.

All right, Dr. Dan Biddle has written a great, he's done a great movie on the topic of Noah's Flood, been involved in the creation ministry for years. Brother, take it away. Tell us about your ministry, Genesis Apologetics, and how they get ahold of you, and tell us about what's the evidence for Noah's Flood.

Go ahead, brother.

Genesis Apologetics and the Flood as a Historical Event

Sounds good. Thank you very much. So I appreciate that introduction. So yes, Dan Biddle, I'm the president of Genesis Apologetics. We are a young earth creation-based ministry that focuses mostly on the student population.

We have different programs that focus on K -8 graders, and then 5th to 10th graders, and 11th graders and up. And that's really been our heart. I live in the state of California, and most Christians in the state of California are turning into theistic evolutionists, at least most of the students, and that's because they're being washed with about 250 pages of evolution teaching before they graduate high school, spanning over about 50 classroom hours of instruction.

And it's wiping out the faith of not some, not half, but most high schoolers are just getting faith-wrecked here in the state of California, because they're just inundated with the teaching of evolution.

So that's what pulled us into this field about 10 years ago. We also realized that students are on their phones about 6 .7 hours a day, and so we prepare a lot of short videos between 5 and 15 minutes long that have power-packed evidence in bite-sized chunks that are all video-based that are free.

So we also have a lot of written curriculum, and that's all free and downloadable as well. So let's go through the slide deck here. If anyone wants to ask me questions, you can send an email to dan at genesisapologetics .com.

We field lots of questions. We have questions every day from our followers, so send me a question if you like. Our most popular book is called Answers to the Top 50 Questions about Genesis Creation and Noah's Flood.

We prepared this book by taking all of the hundreds of questions that we get throughout each year, looking at the top most 50 frequently asked questions that we get, and then we developed a book based upon just those.

And probably half of these Q &As have got videos that go along with it. So that's a book that can be downloaded free from our website, and we also give it out free at conferences. We also have the Leading Creation app.

I just downloaded it from iTunes or Google Play stores called just Genesis Apologetics, and it actually just plums right into our leading videos on YouTube that answer questions about dinosaurs, the age of the earth, evolution, fossils in transitional forms, things like that.

We have over 100 ,000 people using this app, so it's a great tool. And this is our movie that we just came out with in cooperation with Sevenfold Films. Ralph Stren was the director of the movie and did a great job producing it.

And you can get more information on noahsflood .com. We hit about 1 ,000 theaters with this movie in March and April. The Fathom Films did an encore on April 1st, and we're real excited about the movie and what it's done.

We have a book that goes along with the movie, as well as a student guide that can be used for homeschool curriculum or private Christian school education. So we're really happy to do that movie. It's almost two hours long, and it is just soaked with evidences.

And what I'm going to be doing tonight is covering some of the lead evidences. Some of them are featured in our movie, and some of them are not, but they still represent some of my pet leading evidences that I use to constitute the flood as a real event.

So when we think back about Noah's Flood, people have questions such as, did it really happen or is it a myth? Is it a mythology pulled from ancient Near Eastern texts? Why did it happen? Why in the world would God send a flood to wipe out the whole world?

So why did that really happen? When did it happen? Other questions really like, was it local or was it worldwide? And then of course, what evidence would exist if it really did happen? So we'll be going over answering those questions tonight.

When Noah's Flood Happened and How Long It Lasted

So when was the flood? We can bracket it very accurately from our scholarship from scripture. There's also a lot of archaeological evidence that will fit to bracket the flood. But if you just follow the Masoretic set of texts, which is the one that's used for basing the chronology that was borrowed by Bishop Usher and some other people, it's the leading textual set that's used for our mainstream Bibles.

It goes back to about 2348 BC. There are some interesting things you can do by looking at Abraham's lifespan and birth years that might park it back at 2518 BC. But just to, again, for scholarship purposes, the Subtuagent set of texts, there's a lot of academic credibility to parts of the Subtuagent texts.

And the Subtuagent would have Noah's Flood happening about 3168 or right in that bracket BC. So I'm not comfortable in saying that the flood really happened in that bracket range of time. It either happened at the Masoretic set of texts or at the Subtuagent years.

There's not really a thousand year bracket somewhere in that range. It's either one or the other. But again, we have no problem with the younger date for Noah's Flood, about 2350 BC or so. But we provide these different dates just for academic conversations.

So that's about when it happened. And if we go on, let's talk about the duration of the flood itself. So the Bible says that it was a 371-day event. I've actually had people at our talks get somewhat mad at me and say, you know, Dan, what are you thinking?

It was just 40 days, 40 nights. Man, we all know that. And that's because most people have heard in Sunday school, that's how long the flood was. So that's what people are thinking. But if you track out the diary that Noah left in Scripture for us, it was a 371-day event.

Many people would say, if you look at the Hebrew of the text, the ark didn't even get buoyant until about day 40. So there was a lot of shallow sea flooding that was happening, that was going on. The coral reefs and things like that were getting wiped out, a lot of underwater tsunamis.

A lot of action was happening in the first 40 days of the flood. The water was rising. The Bible is very clear in Genesis 7 -11, which is the key verse to understanding the mechanics of the flood, that on the same day, all the fountains of the great deep broke open.

The Hebrew term is bakah, and it tends to mean cleaving, like a big cleaver, a meek cleaver happened, and the underwater fountains were broken up on the same day. Then we have the peak of the flood hitting about day 150.

Then we have the water retreating off of the continents first in sheet flow, and then in channelized cuts, and that's how we get a lot of interesting features like Arches National Park, where you have all these high-rise geological pillars that are around, and that's because the water was sheeting first, making even more layers, and then it was coming off in channelized cuts.

That's a quick overview of the 371-day process of the flood. We know that the ark was sea-capable. It didn't have to do anything but float. It wasn't motorized. It didn't have any sails. It didn't have to do anything but stay buoyant for the 150 days that it was before it hit on land and then earthed right out eventually, and then people got off.

So God was able to keep that ark afloat, keeping it away from the tsunamis and from the catastrophic rifting that was happening, but it was a very, very large ship. It depends on the length of the measurement of a cubit, but it was somewhere between likely 450 feet and 510 feet, and then about 80 feet by 50 feet, so three stories covered with pitch on the inside and the out.

It wasn't bitumen. It was definitely a tree product, and when you put that stuff on hot, I've done it before. I've tried it putting on spruce planks before. It dries like an epoxy, like a hot fiberglass epoxy.

In order to apply it, you have to put it in a big cauldron and boil the stuff to boiling temperature, so it's this big goopy soup, and then you have to ruin a paintbrush. It'll ruin anything you put in there because it's just sticky and fiberglass-like, and you stick the big paintbrush in there and slap it on this siding, and it hardens in a way that will actually strengthen whatever wood you put it on.

It dries with this very hard, case-like fiberglass enamel that goes over it, so it was a great way to waterproof ships. People are using it as the primary way of waterproofing ships all the way through the 1800s, and it's still used in some areas today, so that's an overview of the dimensionality and the specs for Noah's Flood itself.

Scripture, Creation, and the Pre-Flood World

I'm going to make a bold statement to say that the whole of Scripture and all of its credibility depends on Noah's Flood being a true event. We have several different Bible authors that have talked about it.

We've got writers like Peter and Paul, Jesus himself, Moses, of course, wrote about it. The Flood is mentioned in several different places of Scripture, so if it didn't happen, if it didn't happen in the way that even Christ himself described it in Matthew 24, where the water came and took them all away, we have a big credibility problem with Scripture, and that's why I think that it's a very important issue for Christians to understand.

We do have credibility for it. There's loads of evidence for it, and tonight I think we're going to be covering some of the best evidence for it. Kent, you mentioned this verse when we talked about this at the beginning, 2 Peter 3 .6, whereby the world that then was being overflowed with water perished.

There's a lot of different angles to look at this verse, and a lot of different translators put it different ways. I like this particular translation for this talk because it says, whereby the world that then was being overflowed with water perished.

So there was a world that then was, that is no more. We're in world version number two right now, and that pre-Flood world was an amazing place. We even have evolutionists by Peter Ward here, for example, saying, hey, it looks like there was a time in the past, they call it the Carboniferous period, we would just say somewhere in the past before the Flood where the oxygen levels were different.

They would make that argument, and we have these big flying creatures like Pterodactyls or Quetzalcoatlus, which has a 53-foot wingspan, and the flight physics just don't work very well in today's Earth climate with a creature like that.

We've got sauropods that weigh 70, 80 tons that are growing up to 120 feet long. God describes them, God actually brags about the sauropods, calling him the chief of all of his creation, the first in a ranked list of all of his creation, says it's the biggest, baddest thing he ever made.

He's got a tail that sways like a cedar tree, no one can approach it, and it's the chief of all of his creations. But that creature has got nostrils that are only about twice the size of a modern-day horse.

How do you get enough oxygen in a creature with 80 tons of meat and muscle that's going to live and sustain? Maybe there was higher oxygen levels in the past, maybe the different, the barometric pressures were different, we're never going to really know for sure, but we have some clues.

We also have things like this massive dragonfly with a two and a half foot wingspan, probably couldn't buzz around in today's Earth climate like it could before the flood. We also have things like these huge mushrooms, 20-foot tall mushrooms, here's an artist's rendering of what that thing would look like, so we're talking about a tropical paradise, huge mushrooms, big creatures, lush, designed for life, and then that creation came and fell when we brought sin, death, and suffering into the world.

We also have things like this eight-foot millipede, you know, that's not your average millipede, you're not going to find that thing in your bedsheets today. Huge creatures growing before the flood, and of course here's our sauropod, but those little tiny nostrils and evolutionists are saying, yeah, you'd have a hard time getting enough air into that animal, so maybe higher oxygen, maybe different pressures, but a lot of things make more sense in a pre-flood world than they do today.

Magnificent creatures, and of course we've got the flying pterodactyls, some of them had wingspans documented now over 50 feet, with bodies that probably weighed north of 500 pounds, and some flight physics estimates have said, you know, you have to get 16 mile an hour winds just to get the toes up off the ground, and so, but probably fly better in a different Earth climate than what we have today, so there was a world that then was, that is not today, today's world is different.

How the Ark Held the Animal Kinds

So this is one of the leading questions we get, how do you get all those animals in the ark? That is actually, you know, a terrible question to ask, because all it takes is a little bit of study to look at the animal kinds, and we've got scientists in the creation camp called barominologists that study the original created kinds.

A simple way to look at it is there are interfertile species, and if you go up from that, you even have what's called the family level of biology, and you've got like Canis lupus familiaris, which is the wolf kind, you can get 339 dog breeds from the wolf, but it's hard to go back to the wolf, because you've got, you're losing genetic information as you do speciation, and selective breeding, and things like that, but Noah didn't have to bring all of the different dog breeds, golden retrievers, and dachshunds, and everything on Noah's ark, he just had to bring, you know, one pair of wolves to breed all the different dog kinds we have today.

Same thing is wonderful about horses, you can take the smallest horse today, and a Clydesdale, one of the largest horses, they're still interfertile, they're still the same family, same kind. Bears are really interesting, because in the Ursidae family of bears, you have five of the eight species within that family are actually still interfertile.

You can breed a black bear with a polar bear with a grizzly bear, for example, they're all still interfertile. Chickens, same thing, 68 breeds, all he had to bring was a pair of chickens, so when you start taking the spidery tree of animal biology today, and pairing it back to the common family level kinds, you're looking at only thousands of types of animals that had to be on Noah's flood, or on Noah's ark for all this to work.

Flood Geology, Tsunamis, and Catastrophic Plate Tectonics

So here's some key flood verses, as I mentioned, Genesis 7 -11 really is the key. First of all, we see here that it's not written like a mythology book, it's written like a history book, in the 600th year of Noah's life, and we're going to spend time at the end of our talk talking about exactly how those guys would live so long back there, we have some really good statistical evidence of exactly why that happened.

And he says, in the second month, the 17th day of the month, the same day were all the fountains of the great deep broken up, and the fountains, or the windows of heaven were open. So what is going on here, the key is that the flood started on the ocean floor, and then it didn't peak until about 150 days into the flood, and the whole of earth was covered, 15 cubits upward did the water prevail, which is about 22 feet by a conservative estimate.

So wasn't a local flood, was a whole swamp the earth, a global flood. Here's a short animation we're going to show of not a guess theory, but I'm going to say we actually know how it happened, we have the physical evidence of how these fountains of the great deep breached and broke open.

It's actually quite obvious still on earth today, and I'm going to show you what that looked like next. So on the ocean floor, we have this oceanic rift start, starting as a hot lava comes up, breaches with these big linear underwater rifts, pushes up these linear steam jets that are super critically heated water, and those are going to send tsunamis and waves all the way up onto the land continents as it's going.

So the underwater, the lava is going to come up, it's going to cool, it's going to turn into new seafloor, then it's going to spread, then it's going to hit the land continent and dive underneath it and start buckling and folding the land as it goes down.

We know that's exactly what happened with the Farallon Plate right off of the coast of California. So, and as it cools, and the gods shut the fountains off, the water sheets right back off again. So that's a quick overview of the mechanism of the flood.

We have the hot magma coming up, it creates new seafloor, it spreads from the left to the right, it's going like a conveyor belt, it hits the land, dives underneath it, and causes tsunamis that are happening in cycles over and over and over again.

And the quick answer to what proves the flood in 30 seconds or less is that we have 14 states for the dead dinosaurs buried in the middle of America, millions of them buried with marine life in a 14-state, 600 ,000-mile, 300-foot-thick pancake, over 600 ,000 cubic miles in a 300-foot-thick mud pancake, and they're buried in three products, mud, sand, and ash.

And what you just saw is the only mechanism that's going to explain dinosaur taphonomy, or how these creatures were buried. Dr. Bumgardner has modeled this using his computer software. He got his PhD in geophysics from UCLA over 40 years ago.

He came up with the software model, and people are using this to find oil. It's an amazing thing, it's all based on Young Earth Creation ideas about Noah's Flood. We had a Pangea-like formation of the continents that used to be together.

The fountains of the great deep break open, and it began a 40 ,000-mile linear network of these fissures of the oceanic ridge that goes around the Earth 1 .6 times total. There's a 40 ,000-mile network of these oceanic ridges, or the mid-Atlantic ridges.

And we have the one here, the main one, the mid-Atlantic ridge right out in the Atlantic, that has a 10 ,000-mile strip of where it was cut there. And you can see it's quite obvious how it pushed these two continents apart.

We know that because we can correlate the fossils and the oil chemistry. When you bring those continents back together, right there where they would join at that big baseball seam-like tear, we have things that are correlated indicating that they used to be together, but they were rapidly spread apart and catastrophically spread apart.

You can go to Google Earth and see that today, but here's a bathymetric map on the right, which is just a map with the water taken off. And you can see quite obviously how the fountains of the great deep were instrumental in pushing these continents apart.

So let's look at a little bit more. So you've got the hot lava that comes up, it forms new seafloor, and it spreads. And it's going to be pushing these two continents apart, for example, at the mid-Atlantic ridge, but it pushed a lot of the continents apart.

So when that seafloor spreads, it's going to hit the land continent and bind and develop pressure and tension. Then when it releases, it's going to send a tsunami out to sea and out to land in two different directions.

And that was going on every so many minutes during the peak part of the flood. During the first 150 catastrophic days of the flood, we have the seafloor subducting, it's binding, gaining tension and releasing.

And that turned into a tsunami-making machine that was coming up on the land and burying these creatures in layers. And that's exactly what we see them buried in today, in layers. So for example, when the subduction-related slip happened in Japan, look at the effect of the tsunami.

This was a 60-foot seafloor slip. It had been binding tension for thousands of years since the flood. And then it released, the seafloor slipped about 60 feet. And when it did, over in Japan, we see the effect.

That tsunami reaches shores all the way over to the Americas. It spread thousands of miles going over. And of course, it wreaked havoc on Japan, burying hundreds and hundreds of people, and they still can't find many of them.

So that's an example of what one subduction-related tsunami can do. But these tsunamis were happening over and over again in like a cycle, in like a mill, you know, just going on for about 150 days during the flood.

And isn't it also interesting that one translation takes Genesis 8 .3 and looks at it this way. And the waters receded from the earth, going forth and returning. And at the end of the 150 days, the water decreased.

Look, I know there's a lot of dispute about Bible translations and different ways of looking at things, but this is a valid translation of Genesis 8, chapter 3. What is it talking about? Tsunamis. Right there in Scripture, we have the water receded from the earth, going forth and returning.

The Scripture itself talks about the fountains of the great deep breaking open. That's a very mechanical explanation. And here we have yet a second mechanical explanation. The water's going forth, returning, going forth, returning.

And then after 150 days, the waters came down, and that tsunami mill was stopped. Remember here, you guys, Scripture says that God says, I will destroy them, corrupt humanity, with the earth. So God says, I'm going to use the earth as a tool to destroy humanity.

And that's exactly what he did. He recycled earth's surface right underneath. He destroyed it in a very, very catastrophic way. So let's look in a little bit more closely into the flood mechanisms and the resulting taphonomy.

Taphonomy is a study of the conditions in which an animal was buried and killed and fossilized. So here is the situation that evolutionists are stuck with. It's the most obvious thing in the world. If you have five minutes, want to take someone out to coffee and prove the flood, just take the picture of this slide.

That's all you need when you understand what's really going on here. This is the middle of America, and we have a 14 state kill zone, because every single one of those circles is not one fossil, not 10, not 100.

Most of these are fossil bone beds, huge areas and swaths of regions where there's multiple hundreds of sometimes thousands, sometimes tens, hundreds of thousands, sometimes millions of fossils buried in these areas.

But when you draw an oval circle around it, it's over 1 million square miles, 1800 miles long, all the way up to Canada and Mexico. It encompasses parts of three countries, 14 states, 1 ,000 miles wide, a million square miles of a dinosaur kill bathtub kill zone right in the middle of America.

How do you get that without something like catastrophic plate tectonics? So here's where the biggest T-Rex was found. Look at all those layers underneath that helicopter. Evolutionists say that, oh, maybe it was a Chicxulub asteroid that fell 2 ,500 miles away.

Well, if we drop the rock and drop that Yucatan Peninsula asteroid, the Chicxulub asteroid right there, you've got a little bit of flooding that's going to come up to Texas and Florida and bring tsunamis up maybe 10 feet high, 15 feet high.

It's going to cover some parts of the southern states, but you're going to miss the dinosaur kill zone. The evidence shows we have a million cubic miles, or I'm sorry, square miles in the middle of America here covering 14 states.

It's nowhere near where the Chicxulub asteroid landed. So these creatures were killed way, way up there through these cycling tsunamis that were happening when the seafloor is subducting, and we've got the tsunamis coming up from the left to the right.

They're coming up from California and washing over Oklahoma, South Dakota, North Dakota, Montana, those whole regions, and it's happening because of catastrophic rifting, catastrophic plate tectonics.

Something's happening that's bringing the ocean waters up from the west and bringing it up east and spreading it all over these states in America in order to create that 1 ,000 square mile kill zone that's 1 ,800 miles long, 1 ,000 miles wide.

Something else is happening besides an asteroid falling down in Mexico, thousands of miles south from this location. So the other big key giveaway, and this is a little bit harder to explain, hopefully I'll do a good job with it, but remember how I mentioned the leading proof for Noah's Flood in my mind, the most obvious proof, is that these creatures are buried in three products, ash, mud, and sand.

Those three things, nothing more, nothing less. You go in the middle of Utah, you start digging up dinosaurs, most of them are like, for example, the Brushy Basin member, which is a huge strata of ash.

It's just mega tons of ash. You'll go some places and find dinosaurs just buried in ash. In other cases, it's mud, sand, and ash, but it's safe to say that a lot of the dinosaurs in America are buried in those three things.

So how do you get ash and mix it up with mud and sand and bury millions of dinosaurs? Well, it takes something like catastrophic plate tectonics. So you have subducting plates are causing subduction-related volcanism on the sides of the continents, blowing up all this ash.

Here, for example, we have the Independence Dike Swarm. It's a 375 mile linear rift zone in the Los Angeles region. Here's an overlay of it. Evolutionists admit that Independence Dike Swarm blew out 4 ,000 cubic miles of ash.

Here's the Brushy Basin member of ash, and we can fly that in looking over Utah and Colorado. Look where all that ash is and where it came from. How do you fill parts of several states with ash layers if you don't have rapid subduction that's causing the rifting and the volcanism from Southern California?

When I was a teenager and the Mount St. Helens blew up, that, quote, little volcanic system, it burped out enough ash to cover three states and darken the skies for three days. And that only put out one quarter of one cubic mile of ash.

So Mount St. Helens covers three states with ash for three days, can't even see the sun. The Independence Dike Swarm, during the flood, puts out 4 ,000 cubic miles of ash. That's how you buried the dinosaurs.

And the proof that they're buried in ash and mud and sand indicates that the mechanisms that produced those three products was happening concurrently. That's the number one takeaway I want you guys to have, is that the only way you can bury these dinosaurs over hundreds of thousands of square miles in those three products is you have to have mechanisms producing those three things at the same time.

And the only thing that explains that, the only mechanism that's going to pull that off, is catastrophic plate tectonics that was happening during the flood. So here's an example of all of those, the ash producing volcanics that have happened.

We have Mount St. Helens is that little tiny block way, way off to the right, little quarter mile, quarter cubic mile of ash. And we have the Independence Dike Swarm happening during the flood, blowing out 400 ,000 cubic miles of ash.

That's why we have ash buried, burying the dinosaurs, but they're buried with mud and sand. So it was happening concurrently at the same time. So there's Mount St. Helens. And when we dig up these dinosaurs and we really study dinosaur taphonomy, this is the three things that we find.

We get mud that's coming in from the tsunamis that are coming in from the west to the east. Sand is the ocean floor. All those products are being blown in as well from the catastrophic rifting that's happening.

And we have the ash that's happening from the subduction of the new seafloor that's diving underneath the land continents. So it's a trifecta of trifectas happening that's perfectly explained by seafloor subduction that had to be happening rapidly because it's diving underneath the land continents, causing all that irritation, all that subduction that's coming up, and that's what's generating all of the ash.

And it's those three products we find the dinosaurs buried in. So here's an example. Let's of this million-mile kill zone. So if you go into Morrison, Colorado, that's in the heart of Morrison, the Morrison Formation, the Morrison Formation is a Jurassic formation.

So it's the early stages of the flood. And we have this Morrison Formation. And this, again, here we go. It's going to be hard to explain. It's a 300-foot-thick mud pancake that spans 13 states. So let's just stop right there.

How do you pull that off? How do you take mud and make a 300-foot-thick layer of it and swath it over 13 states? Again, it screams worldwide flood. So it's 300 feet thick. It probably started out much thicker.

But if we fly down a Boeing 747, just for size comparison, that's only 230 feet long. We can just by comparison, like, OK, well, this is over 300. And so 330 feet thick actually started out at over 600 feet thick.

But it's been compacted over time. Empire State Building, 1 ,470 feet. And we know, and here's the key, did you know that every known Jurassic dinosaur species in America is found in that single layer?

Over 50 species of dinosaurs buried together, family style, over 13 states in a 300-foot-thick mud pancake. Who in their right mind is going to believe that an asteroid pulled that off? You have to be blind to not see it was a worldwide flood.

That's the only way you're going to bury every known species of dinosaurs in the Jurassic layers over a 13-state region, 600 ,000 square miles, 300 feet thick of mud. And they're still digging up dinosaurs from that area today.

So here's all the fossil occurrences, all the different genre, you know, hundreds of different species of plants and animals. And that's just what we found so far. So now let's close down with a few more evidences as we go through.

Soft Tissue, Collagen, and Dinosaur Lifespans

I think this is one of my leading evidences that personally convinced me. This is a dinosaur triceratops horn that was discovered by Mark Armitage. And when you demineralize it and put it under a microscope and take a couple of forceps, you can still pull and stretch this dinosaur bone.

So it was a horn, you demineralize it and it's still got stretchy, soft materials to it. I dug into this field hard. I spent weeks in this field. I did demineralization work myself. I had a dinosaur demineralization lab.

I donated to ICR. I'm 100 convinced that these dinosaurs are young because it's not just one different type of soft tissue product that we're finding in the dinosaur bones. Like here we might be seeing collagen and keratin as it's still stretchable and pliable.

It used to be 14 different types of bio-organics that we're finding in dinosaur bones. Now we're up to 16, 16 different flavors of dinosaur products that are left over by the flood that are soft, that evolutionists say should all be gone by now, but it's not.

So they're really stuck. Here's a picture of all the different 16 different types of bio-organic soft tissues that they're finding. And it's not just me. It's not creationists saying it. We've compiled, well actually Dr. Brian Thomas from ICR compiled a spreadsheet of 120 peer-reviewed journal articles.

These are not creationist publications. They're from histology journals, from biology journals, from bone study journals that have established these 16 different types of bio-organics that are found in dinosaur bones.

We're talking about things like keratin, red blood cells, histones, fexhistones, collagen, blood cells, blood vessels, arteries. It's all there in these dinosaur bones that are supposedly millions of years old.

The last two that they discovered are dinosaur cartilage. And that's not an impression of cartilage. That's the real cartilage. And then the last thing that they just found is nerve cells, actual nerve fibers, not per mineralized impressions of it, but real dinosaur nerves.

Thanks to Mark Armitage and his team. That's the 16th thing that they just found. So how do you preserve dinosaur nerves for millions of years? You can't. These things are young. Here's a list of 120 different peer-reviewed science journals that have substantiated that they are in fact finding soft tissues from dinosaurs that span literally the entire Mesozoic, the Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous, all layers they're finding these soft tissues.

So are these dinosaurs' soft tissues really 65 million years old and older? Or are they only about 4 ,400 years to 4 ,500 years old? I think the evidence shows that there really are younger. So let's take the last few minutes here and jump into dinosaur lifespans.

But before we do that, I want to comment on one of the bioorganic soft tissues, and that's collagen. So bone is made up of bone mineral and collagen. Human bones are that way. Animal bones are that way.

It's an infusion of those two things. Bone minerals provide the hard enamel-like structure, and collagen provides the soft pliable fibers and flexibility in bones. That's why we don't break our bones so easily when you fall down.

It's got some soft, flexible stuff, and they're provided by the collagen. So collagen has a known decay rate. Scientists have been studying the decay rate of collagen for years. Many scientists put it in 10 ,000 to 30 ,000 year mark.