Eschatology: The Last Things

This sermon is from Grace Fellowship Church in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. To access other sermons or to learn more about us, please visit our website at graceedmonton .ca.

But before we begin, and as we begin, let's go to the Lord in prayer. Father, we glory in you. We give you thanks for this night. Lord, I give you thanks for everyone that's here. Lord, we give you thanks for all the people who aren't here, Lord, and we pray for their blessing.

But we pray tonight as we meet together and as we open your word, Lord, that you would speak to us. What a complex and controversial topic. And yet, Lord, you have spoken, and in many ways you've spoken clearly, and we want to read and we want to study and we want to obey your word, whether it's about Christology or Soteriology or Eschatology.

And so, Lord, bless our time tonight. We pray that you would be glorified, that your name would be magnified as we open your word, and that we would be made ready for the last things. We pray all of this in Jesus' name.

Amen.

Amen.

Why Study Eschatology at All?

Well, we made it. We finally did it. I looked back in my calendar, and it has been exactly six months to the day that we've been studying through our Statement of Faith. So we started, if you were here, you'd remember that October 1, 2020, Elias started with the Doctrine of the Scriptures.

Today, fittingly, April 1, 2021, we study the last things. And it's my intention that this will be the last study in our statement. So, as we come to the end of this series, it's no coincidence that we look at Eschatology.

And, Noah, do you know what Eschatology means? Does anyone else know what Eschatology means? Study the last things. That's right. So eschatos or eschaton is Greek for last. And so eschatology is the study of the last.

It's the study of the last things. And to whet our appetites tonight, I want to start by asking a question. And that's the first question you'll see on your handout. And the question is this. Why, in all the world, why should we study eschatology?

Why does eschatology matter for us as Christians? Absolutely. That's right. We study eschatology, one, because God has spoken on the topic. Noah was asking why it is that we study the last things. How do we know how the last things will be?

We know because God has spoken on the subject. So whenever and wherever God speaks, we ought to pay attention. And so we study eschatology because God has spoken on these things. Yes, Noah. Maybe tomorrow.

So we study the last things because God has spoken. And everything that God has spoken has application for us. So by way of reminder, it's fitting that we looked at this verse in our study on the doctrine of the Scriptures.

We'll look at it in our study of the last things in 2 Timothy 3, verses 16 and 17. You don't have to turn there, but we know it well. All Scripture is breathed out by God and is profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in righteousness, that the man of God may be complete, equipped for every good work.

And so when God speaks, He speaks for our good, for our edification, for our obedience, for the strengthening of our faith, for our hope and perseverance, and most importantly, for His glory. And so we study eschatology because God has spoken on the matter.

Why else might we study eschatology? Can you guys think of anything else? I'll give you another hint. In Revelation 1, in verse 3, if there was ever an eschatology book in the Bible, what book would it be?

It would be the book of Revelation, right? Maybe that, and Daniel, maybe some from Ezekiel, but definitely the book of Revelation would be an eschatological book. And in Revelation 1, verse 3, it says, Blessed is the one who reads aloud the words of this prophecy, and blessed are those who hear and who keep what is written in it, for the time is near.

And so when we approach the study of the last things, just like as we approach the book of Revelation, we should expect blessing from it. And so my hope, my goal, my prayer tonight is that we would be blessed as we look at the doctrine of the last things.

Jesus Christ is nearer now than when we first believed, and so to read the words about his second coming, about his parousia, his presence in the world, and to live in light of this truth will bring God's blessing.

And the third one, we study the last things. This is a bit of a mouthful, because we long for the visible, the bodily return of our Savior, the Lord Jesus Christ. We study the last things because we look forward to the last things, when Christ will return and will transform our lowly bodies to be like his glorious body.

That is why we study the last things with a sense of expectancy. This is what it means in many ways to be a Christian, not only to have hope in this life only, but as a deer pants for water, so our soul longs for, eagerly awaits, it loves the appearing of our Lord Jesus Christ.

If you look into God's word over and over again, and as I did this week, I saw it over and over again, we see that this is one of the defining marks of a true Christian, is that we're no longer citizens of this world.

You said it is, just as we are about to begin, Steve, that we, a true Christian, a mature Christian, is heavenly minded. Is heavenly minded. We're no longer citizens of this world, but rather we're exiles and pilgrims in a foreign land, on a journey to our true home, on a journey to the celestial city.

In fact, if we do not have an interest in this topic, if we do not have an interest in Christ coming in the last things, we need to ask ourselves, how have we become deficient? It's actually a sign of immaturity, of deficiency in the Christian life, if we have no interest in Christ's second coming.

I read from Wayne Grudem's Systematic Theology, he writes this, I found this convicting actually, he says, the more Christians are caught up in enjoying the good things of this life, and the more they neglect genuine Christian fellowship and their personal relationship with Christ, the less they will long for his return.

On the other hand, many Christians who are experiencing suffering or persecution, or who are more elderly and infirm, and those who daily walk with Christ, sorry, whose daily walk with Christ is vital and deep, they will have a more intense longing for his return.

He says, to some extent then, the degree to which we actually long for Christ's return is a measure of the spiritual condition of our own lives. I think we've all experienced that, haven't we? Times when our affections are set on this world, our mindset isn't to live as Christ and to die as Cain.

Our thinking is, no, I want to be here just a little longer. I want to enjoy this pleasure for another season. I'm not ready for Christ to come back. And yet when we're walking nearest to God, when we're in greatest dependence upon him, our longing is for him to return.

I've spoken a little bit about a trip to Indonesia that I did a few years ago, but I traveled to Indonesia and left Nicole and the kids at home. And I went for, it was just shy of a month. And not only did I have, I guess, the longing to see my family.

Elise was, I think, just over a year old. Noah would have been about three years old. But I was faced with culture shock and poverty and just the spiritual darkness of that country, a majority Muslim country where they are without hope and without God in the world.

And I remember at one point being in a city called Sebulga, which is on the east, no, the west side of Indonesia on the Indian Ocean. And I remember praying, come Lord Jesus, come. It's when he is our only hope that we long for his return.

So, in any case, maybe we should reframe the question. Rather than asking, why should we study eschatology, we should ask the question, why don't we? Why shouldn't we study eschatology as Christians? Why wouldn't we want to study about Christ's return?

It is the study of our eternal future hope that in 900 quadrillion years we will be alive with Christ, with one another, enjoying the unending riches of his grace. That's what the study of eschatology is.

It's looking at the true reality long after this world has passed away, where we will be forever. So, let's study some eschatology. And by way of a few housekeeping items. So, teaching through eschatology is kind of like walking through a minefield.

There are perils everywhere. There are a number of views that certainly seems to be always under debate. My goal tonight, first, is this. That I'm not able to provide exhaustive detail, but I do want to provide some coverage of the differing theological perspectives.

And I want to do that in a way that is unbiased and objective. Unlike our statements on perhaps the doctrine of the gospel, or of Christ, or of the scriptures, we've left the doctrine of the last things intentionally vague in some areas.

And the reason why we've done that is we've allowed room for various interpretations that are within the sphere of orthodoxy. So, there are secondary and tertiary issues that we're going to disagree with people on.

And we would like people who are post-millennial and amillennial and dispensational, pre-trib, post-trib, pre-millennial, to be able to come and to heartily affirm the statement of faith. So, I'm going to teach on some of the views, but I'm going to teach it objectively.

And if you ask for my opinion, I will give you my uppercase H, humble, opinion. I don't know it all by any means, but I'll give you my humble opinion. But it's not the official position of the church.

It's just that. It's my opinion. So, that's number one. And secondly, like I said, it's a massive study. We could actually spend another six weeks and another 20 studies looking at eschatology. We aren't going to.

So, what that means is we're going to look at it from a 40 ,000-foot approach. So, I'm going to give you a layout of the land, hopefully draw attention to a couple of areas of interest, and then whet your appetite for more study.

And so, you can go home with some of this framework and some of these tools and dig deeper in your individual study.

Okay?

So, let's dig in. So, for the sake of simplicity, I've broken up our statement. You'll see it at the top of the sheet there, into three different parts. So, we're going to look at Christ's second coming.

We're going to look at, I'm scrolling down, the final judgment. And then we are going to look at the new heavens and the new earth. And each section is taken up by one sentence in our statement. So, let's look there together at number one first.

Christ's Second Coming and the Timing of His Return

Christ's second coming. So, that first sentence reads like this. The coming of God's kingdom will be consummated in the glorious, visible, and triumphant appearing of Christ when he returns to the earth as king.

So, when Christ comes, he will consummate his kingdom. The consummation of God's kingdom is dependent on Christ's second coming. I'm going to do a lot of rapid fire here because it's such a broad topic.

You can follow along or you can just hear me carefully. But Christ's kingdom has already been inaugurated. We believe that. We believe that to be biblical. Matthew 10, verse 7. The Lord Jesus announced, the kingdom of heaven is at hand.

Luke chapter 11 and verse 20. When some people accused Christ of casting out demons by the power of demons, you might remember he said, but if it is by the finger of God that I cast out demons, then the kingdom of God has come upon you.

In Colossians 1 .13, Paul wrote to the church in Colossae. He says, he has delivered us from the domain of darkness and transferred us to the kingdom of his beloved son. The kingdom of God has been inaugurated.

It has been set in motion and it is awaiting consummation. And so, as surely as Christ came the first time to deal with sin, not to deal with, sorry, what am I trying to say here? As surely as Christ came the first time to die on the cross for our sin, just as surely Christ will come a second time not to deal with sin, but to save those who are eagerly waiting for him.

He is coming to bring his kingdom to completion. Now I want to ask the question, how will Christ return? And it's not a trick question. The Bible speaks fairly clearly on it. But does anyone know how will Christ come back?

In glory, yeah, it says it in our statement, his glorious return. I'm thinking physically, materially, you can see it with your eyes. That's right, he'll come in triumph, conquering his enemies. If we go to Acts chapter 1, in Acts chapter 1, you'll remember when I taught on the ascension, when Christ ascended, he rose up, he ascended into the clouds beyond the sight of the disciples.

And after the ascension it says this, so, and while they were gazing, this is Acts chapter 1 verse 10, and while they were gazing into heaven as he went, behold, two men stood by them in white robes and said, Men of Galilee, why do you stand looking into heaven?

This Jesus, who was taken up from you into heaven, will come in the same way as you saw him go into heaven. And so in the same way that Christ went up into heaven, it's the same way that he will come down, he will descend from the clouds.

In Matthew chapter 24 and verse 27, it says this,. For as the lightning comes from the east and shines as far as the west, so will be the coming of the Son of Man. So not only will Christ's return be from the heavens, from above, from the clouds, but it'll be sudden, it'll be instantaneous.

You guys will remember I shared a story from last week about the World Mission Society, Church of God, and we were talking in that particular exchange about the Passover. Well, in a completely separate exchange, one time we had them over and they were sitting at our kitchen table and we were talking about the second coming of Christ.

And they did what I would say they did violence to this text in Matthew chapter 24. And what they said was, as the lightning came from the east, so Christ has come back and he has come and landed in the east, specifically East Asia, specifically South Korea.

And if you know anything about the World Mission Society, they believe that a man by the name of Un Sung Hong, who was born in 1918 in Korea, is the Lord Jesus Christ. That he came in 1918, he came from the east, being in South Korea, East Asia.

He lived, he married, and then in 1985 he died. But he died after founding the World Mission Society and his wife, who is still alive, is God the Mother. She is God incarnate in human flesh and together they are, it's a strange view of the Trinity, but together, Un Sung Hong and his wife are God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit.

Now, can I ask, so I said, how will Christ return? Why does that not make sense? How is that wrong? So we said that he will come from the clouds, he will come from the heavens, it will be sudden as lightning flashes across the sky from east to west, but why would it be wrong that he's already been born, lived, and died?

You didn't think you were doing apologetics tonight? Yeah, yeah, there's a lot of problems there. I'm going to put a couple more verses in terms of how Christ will come. So, he will descend, it will be sudden.

1 Thessalonians chapter 4 and verse 16. For the Lord himself will descend from heaven with a cry of command, with the voice of an archangel, and with the sound of the trumpet of God, and the dead in Christ will rise first.

Then we who are alive, who are left, will be caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air, and so we will always be with the Lord. Therefore, encourage one another with these words.

So that's 1 Thessalonians 4 verse 16. So, not only is it going to be visible from the heavens, not only will it be sudden, but it's going to be triumphant. It's going to be glorious. In Revelation 1 verse 7, Behold, he is coming with the clouds.

And this is a big problem, I think, for the World Mission Society. He is coming with the clouds, and every eye will see him, even those who pierced him, and all tribes of the earth will wail on account of him.

Even so, amen. So, when Christ returns, it will be sudden. It will be visible to all. It will be glorious. It will be triumphant in a single word. When Christ comes, it will be unmistakable. It won't be the obscure birth of Christ, who was the Nazarene, and no one truly knew his identity.

It will be the unmistakable second coming, the unmistakable second advent of Christ when he comes. Every eye will see him. Now, Noah, I want to ask you this question. Buddy, when will Christ return? Nobody knows.

Nobody knows? Are there any dissenting opinions? Do you have a decade or a millennia in mind?

In the future.

In the future. Good answer. That's right.

That's right.

We don't know, right? We don't know when Christ will come. And anyone who claims to know the day and the time when Christ will return, Amy, if you encounter them, run. Get away from there as far as you can.

They've lost all credibility in the eyes of Scripture, right? In the Bible, it says that no one will know the day or the time when he comes. So Matthew 24 is one of those chapters. Matthew 24, verses 42 to 44.

So Christ says this. Therefore, stay awake, for you do not know on what day your Lord is coming. But know this, that if the master of the house had known in what part of the night the thief was coming, he would have stayed awake and would have let his house be, sorry, would not have let his house be broken into.

Therefore, you also must be ready, for the Son of Man is coming at an hour you do not expect. And yet people make confident assertions about this. I walked into work today, actually, in our office, and someone had kicked through both windows and had broken into a convenience store that's on the main floor of our building.

Had they known that a criminal was going to come and break into the building last night, they would have been ready. They put out an email that said they would have security providing patrols extra tonight.

And what I would say is, it's too late. They needed security last night, and yet just as they did not know that someone was going to be breaking into the building last night, we do not know, we cannot pinpoint the day when Christ will come.

I don't mean, as we talk about this, to pick on cults specifically, but it just so happens that a lot of cult groups place a lot of emphasis on eschatology. I don't think that is a coincidence. I think that they lean heavily on apocalyptic texts because they are unclear, and that's why there's so much eschatology to talk about.

But this is an example of a group that has made confident assertions that Christ will come. So the Jehovah's Witnesses, the founder of the Jehovah's Witnesses, Charles Taze Russell and his followers have made many predictions, predictions that the Jehovah's Witnesses have had to explain after the fact simply because they're embarrassing if they don't explain them away.

So he predicted first that in 1878, he said the gathered saints would be translated into spirit form. So there would be some form of rapture or translation when the true people of God would enter into a spiritual state.

Then it was predicted in 1914 that Christ's millennial rule would begin. And they realized that there were some date miscalculations, so that date was later corrected to 1918. And then it was prophesied that the patriarchs and the prophets would raise from the dead in 1925.

And then, again, there were other dates set for 1975. And then even as late as 1995, they were saying that the Armageddon was going to come before the year 2000. All of these are claims that they set dates on.

And what we could have said in 1877 or in 1913 or 1917 or 1999 is that all of them are going to be untrue because as humbling as it is, we do not know when Christ will come. Mark 13, 32, 33, but we're in good company.

But concerning that day or that hour, no one knows, Christ said, not even the angels in heaven nor the son of man, but only the Father. Be on guard, keep awake, for you do not know when the time will come.

Now, Steve, you said something when I asked, when will Christ's second coming happen? You said that there are some indicators. Can you think of any of those indicators, things that might need to happen before Christ comes?

It does.

Yeah.

Textbook answer. That's the first answer. Is that the gospel must be proclaimed to the whole world. And what I think that means is a thorough proclamation. So that the children and I, during our family worship, we go through something.

Does anyone know the Joshua Project?

I've heard of it.

The Joshua Project, they do a people group of the day. And so you pray for a particular people group. And there are people groups that you pray for where the Christian population is 10 of that particular people group.

There are people that you pray for where the Christian population is 0%. There are people in the world today that have not heard the name of Christ ever. They do not know who Jesus is. If you were to come and say the name of Jesus, it might as well be your brother, because they don't know who it is.

But that's one of the things. The gospel must be preached thoroughly to all the nations. Now, is it possible that that's already happened because the gospel has gone to India, and it has gone to China, and it has gone to Bangladesh, or other places in the remote jungle and in the Amazon?

Perhaps. Perhaps. But I think specifically, it means that the gospel is to be preached thoroughly in many ways to be... Oh, I'm looking for the word. It's to permeate that nation. Also in Matthew 24, verse 24.

For false Christs and false prophets will arise and perform great signs and wonders so as to lead astray, if possible, even the elect. So we should expect that the gospel will be proclaimed, that there will be false prophets working signs and wonders.

In Matthew 24, verse 21 and 22. For then there will be great tribulation. Such has not been seen from the beginning of the world until now, no, and never will be. And if those days had not been cut short, no human being would be saved.

But for the sake of the elect, those days will be cut short. So we have gospel proclaimed, false prophets, the great tribulation. Also in Matthew 24, signs in heaven. There are other spots in the Bible, but I'm picking on Matthew 24 because we're there.

Immediately after the tribulation of those days, the sun will be darkened, so we have signs in heaven, and the moon will not give its light, and the stars will fall from heaven, and the powers of the heaven will be shaken.

Then will appear in heaven the sign of the Son of Man, and then all the tribes of the earth will mourn, and they will see the Son of Man coming on the clouds of heaven with power and great glory, and He will send out His angels with a loud trumpet call, and they will gather His elect from the four winds and from one end of heaven to the other.

In 2 Thessalonians 2, verse 1,. Now concerning the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ and our being gathered together to Him, we ask you, brothers, not to be quickly shaken in mind or alarmed either by a spirit or a spoken word or a letter seeming to be from us to the effect that the day of the Lord has come.

Let no one deceive you in any way, for the day will not come unless the rebellion comes first and the man of lawlessness is revealed, the son of destruction, who opposes and exalts himself against every so-called god or object of worship, so that he takes his seat in the temple of God, proclaiming himself to be God.

So before Christ can come, we need to have the coming of the man of lawlessness, the man of rebellion, or the rebellion, I should say. And also, too, before Christ can come, Scripture says that we should see the salvation of Israel.

Now this does not necessarily mean all of Israel, meaning every single individual of Jewish descent, but what I think would be more correct, more specific, would be elect Jews. So Romans 11, verses 25 and 26, Paul writes to the Romans,.

He says,.

Lest you be wise in your own sight, I do not want you to be unaware of this mystery, brothers. A partial hardening has come upon Israel until the fullness of the Gentiles has come in. And in this way, all Israel will be saved.

And so I think we would expect to see a revival of sorts amongst the Jews, that there would be an appreciation amongst Jewish people that Christ, that Jesus Christ, is the Messiah, and that they would respond.

So that's just a few, I won't name all of them, but there are certain things that we would expect. Now some would say that Christ's return is imminent, it is immediate, we need not wait for any signs.

I would say, based on the text we've just read, that that would not be the accurate view, that these things must happen. For those who believe that Christ could still come today at this very moment, I think a biblical argument would be that these things have already happened.

Does that make sense? And so there is some room, there is some ambiguity to allow us to continue to walk by faith, but there are birth pangs to look forward to, or to wait for, I should say. Not necessarily look forward to.

So, we know how Christ will come. We don't know when Christ will come. And what is our responsibility as Christians? If we consider the text that we looked at, the word to us is this. It is to stay awake.

It is to be on guard. It is to serve Christ until He comes, to eagerly long for and to hasten His appearing. And, brothers and sisters, He will not disappoint us. That's the first note of this lesson, is that Christ is going to come.

And praise the Lord for that. He is going to come. Now, what comes next? In our statement it reads this. After Christ returns, He will bring about the ultimate defeat of Satan, the resurrection of the dead, the final judgment, the eternal and conscious punishment of the wicked, and the eternal blessings of the righteous.

So this is our second heading on the paper there, and it's the final judgment. So right away, as we enter into the section, I want us to recognize that this, a number of items on this, I guess the specific timing around these events, is what I'm trying to say, are in dispute.

And so I want to refer us to the handout. This is the novel part. Like I said early on, it wouldn't be a study in eschatology if we didn't have some type of chart. So we'll look at these together. So these specifically, these different views, are views, differing views on the millennium.

So the millennium is the thousand year reign of Christ or the reign of Christ in some form that we read about in the book of Revelation. And this has bearing both on when Christ comes and also what happens when Christ comes.

So we'll look, we'll start with the most simple, and we'll look first in the top left quadrant at amillennialism. So this is the most simple of views. So we'll take a look at this one first. Now does anyone, do you think anyone could give a one or two sentence description of amillennialism?

Something that's just a concise synopsis?

Sure. No, that's fine. That's fine.

You warned us. That's right. So in one way, what you're saying is the amillennial view in terms of the philosophy of interpretation would view Revelation and other apocalyptic literature as being rich in symbolism.

And so therefore we should interpret some of those things as perhaps symbolic or spiritual in nature. So the amillennial view is this in summary. Christ's reign in the millennium is not a physical bodily reign on the earth, but rather it's a heavenly rule.

It's a heavenly reign right now. And so an amillennialist might point to passages like Matthew chapter 28 verses 18 to 20 where Christ says, all authority on heaven and on earth has been given to me. They would see that as the consummation or not the consummation, but the inauguration perhaps is a better way of putting it of Christ's reign on the earth or sorry in heaven.

And so every believer that dies, they would view the first resurrection that we would see spoken of in Revelation chapter 20. That's where we find the millennium. They would see that first resurrection as a resurrection into heaven where believers go and they rule and reign with Christ for what isn't necessarily literally a 1 ,000 year period, but a very long time.

So 1 ,000 years being representative of a very long time. So if we were to look at our visual, this is the church age. This is where we are at right now. There is no future millennium, but rather the millennium is during the church age.

It is a spiritual millennium. When Christ returns, he will return. There will be a resurrection. There will be judgment. And then there will be an eternal state. So an eternal state both for the wicked and for the righteous.

Does that make sense? So in many ways, an all-millennialist would view Revelation 20 as being spiritual and not necessarily literally a 1 ,000 year reign. And they would look, in fairness to millennials, they would point to the fact that in Revelation 20, it doesn't actually say that Christ will reign on the earth.

So if you were to look at Revelation chapter 20, and maybe I'll start from verse 4 for context. Then I saw thrones, and seated on them are those whom the authority to judge was committed. And also I saw the souls of those who had been beheaded for the testimony of Jesus and for the word of God.

Those who had not worshipped the beast or its image and had not received its mark on their foreheads or their hands, they came to life and reigned with Christ for 1 ,000 years. The rest of the dead did not come to life until the 1 ,000 years were ended.

This is the first resurrection. And so if you're debating with an all-millennialist, one of the main features that you're debating about is that first resurrection. Is that first resurrection physical?

And when they came to life, are they coming to life in the way that the Greek term uses that? It could also mean living. So they are living instead of they lived and reigned with Christ for 1 ,000 years.

So that would be their contention that absolutely, all-millennialism in some ways is a misnomer. They would say, absolutely we believe in a millennium. We believe in a spiritual millennium. So I've given that lots of air time.

We'll look next to the top right quadrant, post-millennialism. So post-millennialism is the belief that the millennium, in many ways like all-millennialism, the millennium of Revelation 20 is happening right here and right now or to some extent is going to come about in the future.

And does anyone here know a post-millennialist? I know we know of post-millennialists, but post-millennialism in many ways, I'll speak this just kind of off the cuff, is a very attractive position because it's a very optimistic position.

It's a very attractive position because it's a very optimistic position. Because according to this view, they believe that as the gospel advances and the church grows, there will be a gradual increase in holiness and in righteousness and in the kingdom of God and the reign of Christ in the world.

And so unlike pre-tribulational dispensationalism or post-trib dispensationalism or some forms of amil, it only gets better from here in a post-millennial view. And they would look at the parable, for instance, of the mustard seed.

The mustard seed is planted and it grows and it increases in size until eventually the birds can nest in the mustard seed. It's the smallest of seeds and becomes this large plant. They would view it the same way, that as we preach the gospel, that as Christ's church grows, Christianity will permeate the world and the culture and it will bring about a millennial age of peace and righteousness on the earth.

So a good example of a post-millennialist, if you know it all, Apologia Church and Jeff Durbin and now James White, who's just announced that he's a post-millennialist as well. You see that optimism in their ministry to some extent and it really does invigorate their ministry.

And so while I am not a post-millennialist, I see that and say, well there's certainly some strength because it's kind of like people say we should work like an Arminian and sleep like a Calvinist. In many ways, I feel like we should work like post-millennialists.