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Welcome back to our series on the whole christ. The whole christ in this book. Uh... and you mentioned it last time i believe when he taught we we we did get copies uh... here we're selling them out front on the table.
If you're interested in getting that and picking up your own copy it is excellence uh... I highly recommend it. Obviously that's why we're teaching it uh... But um... uh... you're getting the cliffnotes version here in our sunday school class.
So uh... since it's been two weeks i thought it would be behoove us to do a little review time i think beforehand uh... and maybe also wake you up in that i'm gonna ask you some pop quiz questions here.
Let's see if you guys can answer any of them at all uh... Or if i have to supply all the answers. Okay here we go uh... Now if you remember we were talking about uh... the whole christ. Well here's the subtitle legalism antinomianism and gospel assurance.
Why the marrow controversy still matters. So let's start with that. Let's start with legalism. Can anybody tell me the definitions. At least that andrew and i've been trying to work with here as to what is legalism.
Yes that some rigid adherence to deeds or works. Usually there's a pet peeve list right. Uh... That rigid adherence to that improves your standing with god. That you've brought some element of law or obedience into your justification all right.
And how about antinomianism. Bonus points. If you can say it without stumbling over it. Mark. What's that sorry living without any law right. Without any kind right. Uh... Yes rejecting any role of the law in your life entirely.
And pastor steve came up with the really great analogy for us of the bowling lanes right where we've got legalism and it's the right gutter and we've got antinomianism and it's the left gutter right. And so in some sense when we think about them that one is a rigid adherence to the law and so we think of it on one extreme of a spectrum and then the other is rejection of the law and so it's the other end of that spectrum.
Today however we're going to talk and this is a sneak preview today we're going to talk about how they're not really so different after all. Not really so different after all all. Right. But let's uh... the marrow controversy.
So the marrow of modern divinity is the name of the book from the sixteen hundreds england written by edward fisher uh... he was a barber surgeon uh... and a lay theologian lay preacher and uh... so and the marrow of modern divinity in that book and then uh... it kind of was just an obscure book that not many people knew about until this controversy erupted later on in the seventeen hundreds with thomas boston and his followers and they call themselves the marrow men.
Uh... this book marrow of modern divinity is written a little bit like pilgrim's progress in that it's written in that sort of uh... allegorical style there's characters in it that are having a dialogue and the characters have very obvious names to make sure you understand which role they are playing in the in the uh... in the book right.
Like one guy's name is evangel another guy's name is antinomia uh... so you get the idea uh... and it was very interestingly we learned this as we are studying uh... this book and uh... uh... singh ferguson doesn't mention it in the book but we found it elsewhere in our research.
That though were the legalism was first coined in that book in the marrow of modern divinity any when the time you hear about people using the turkey lease in english language the term legalism or legalist that came from the marrow of modern divinity legalist back then just as it is now was a pejorative term.
You threw it around as an insult. You would you'd use it to attack your enemy uh... that you did not like you'd call that puritan he's being a legalist. My favorite way of thinking of it to be honest though is that uh... it's like the highway analogy that if you're driving on the middle lane of the highway anyone who's going uh... and you're going at say the speed limit anyone who's going a lot faster than you is a maniac and anyone who's going a lot slower than you is a knucklehead.
And in the same way we tend to do this we tend to pass these judgments ourselves in our christian life. And we say i'm going down the middle lane. And anyone who's being more strictly adhering to some rule or obligation or law is being a legalist.
And anyone who's not following the rules that i've set up for myself is being a liberal antinomian or a heretic. We'll just go straight to there. And so this controversy that erupted in the seventeen hundreds is that the scottish presbytery right which was the board uh... that if you're not particularly familiar with the presbyterian church essentially the hierarchy of the church in scotland uh... that while the churches don't directly report to them the that presbytery is in charge of ordaining ministers and disciplining ministers if they go off the reservation and so on.
Uh... and so they had made a decree based on a on a controversy that happened that when presenting the gospel you should tell hearers that you need to forsake sin in order to be saved. And the mayoral men said that you should not tell people that that instead you should simply offer christ to all with the promise of justification to the ungodly who believes this was the bad syllogism.
The saving grace of god and christ is given to the elect alone. True or false. The elect are known by the forsaking of sin. True or false. The elect are known by the forsaking of sin true or false. True.
Three. Here's the false one. Three. Therefore forsaking sin is a prerequisite of saving grace. False. I even gave you the answer brian. False. Forsaking sin is a prerequisite for saving grace. Is that prerequisite part.
Right. And what was happening in this in the scottish church in these puritan churches back then is that they had so gotten themselves wrapped up in the idea of that the elect should be known by saving grace.
Uh... i'm sorry by forsaking sin. That if they didn't see someone forsaking sin they thought they shouldn't preach the gospel to them. Right. That they were like if i don't see evidence that god's already working in their heart then there's no point in me preaching to them.
And we'd see that as sort of this really hyper calvinist you know nowadays that's what we would call it. Right. That's really hyper calvinist point of view there's no point in preaching the gospel because god will save who he's going to save and he's going to take care of it.
Right. And that's that was where they were starting to head. The gospel is not as andrew said last week bigger last time the gospel is not repent and believe jesus christ is the gospel. That's the gospel.
And you might remember also from his lesson that uh... while we in our our day and age referred to ourselves as christians and that's the term that we use in the new testament while there is one example of them being called christians that also a sort of used in the kind of an insulting way by the world that in fact in the new testament how they always refer to themselves is simply in christ that it is the union with christ that is the gospel.
And so when we separate the work of christ from the person of christ it leads to this fundamentally broken theology. And that's what was going on in this marrow controversy time that instead of thinking to ourselves how do i preach christ it turns into how do i offer the benefits of christ.
Or uh... And since christ himself becomes less central and instead he becomes sort of a means to an end the get out of jail free card. And where we can really fall down and get in trouble is when we start if you go down this path far enough and this was the end of andrew's lesson last time you get into this business of transactional grace and transactional love that we very wrongly start thinking god loves you because christ died for you.
What's wrong with that. Anybody remember god the father loves you because christ died for you. And a quote a verse that refutes that john three sixteen. Yes. Thank you very much. Oh good. Somebody remembers.
Yeah mark right with the great love with which he loved us. Right. It was god's love the father. That was the cause. Right. We even sing that song we have that song. What wondrous love. Right. The cause was love.
The father loved us and therefore he sent his son to die for us. It is not because the sun died for us that then the father loves us. If it was that way we'd start to think of the father is kind of a scary person.
Right. Where it's like well it's a good thing christ died for us because otherwise the father will be really angry with us. And then you could get into that. Then you'd start to get into that kind of wrong thinking where you'd be worried about losing your salvation or doing anything that might make him love you less.
Because if he was already mad at you and if it was only thanks to christ that christ dying for you that he doesn't he's not mad at you anymore then maybe you could make him mad at you again. Right. That's that.
That's where the wrong thinking comes in. Yes charlie. Right. The love preceded the regeneration. Right. With the rich young ruler where he went away unsaved. At least at that moment. Uh... in the new testament uh... narrative uh... but it still said that christ loved him.
You can see how this kind of transactional love thing would basically put this make you think of a dysfunction in the fellowship of the trinity. Right. Like well the father thinks this. But the son thinks that it's not how it is at all.
The son does not need to do anything to persuade the father to love us. Praise god he already loves us. He loved us from the first of time and therefore sent his son who came willingly because he also loves us to die for us all.
Right. So that's the review. Let's turn to genesis chapter three. We're gonna start the pretty close to the very beginning this morning. Go genesis to revelation. No not quite. It's the jet tour. No genesis chapter three.
So today we're gonna zoom in a little bit more on legalism specifically the dangers of it the subtlety of it how it pervades almost everything when it comes to our sin natures. Genesis chapter three. I'm sure many of you have seen and studied and thought about the fall and read this passage very often.
Can somebody read to me verses one through six. Please read for all of us i should say verses one through six. What was satan's tactic. What was his angle. How did he. What was his opening to get into eve's mind.
What did he go for questioning god. Yep. What's the very first thing he says to her. Did god actually say right. Questioning his word. Questioning his truth. Exchanging the truth about god for a lie. Right.
That's ultimately what he's doing here in this in this in this uh... conversation with her. He's taking the truth. Something that god said was true. Remember we don't know if god repeated it directly to eve or not.
God gave this command to adam before he created eve. So it's possible that adam just passed it along to her. Or it's also possible that god spoken directly to eve as well. But regardless. So there is a word of god that was the truth.
Satan says most of it true. And just twist a little bit. And he exchanges the truth of god for a lie. The truth back in chapter two verse sixteen is that the lord had given adam and eve an entire cosmos of good gifts.
Right. And in turn he provided them with a single positive and a single negative law. And look in verse uh... chapter two verse sixteen. The lord god commanded the man saying you may surely eat of every tree of the garden.
Stop right there for a second. That's the positive law. That's a command. Eat everything enjoy it be joyful. That's the positive command. And then there's a negative but of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil you shall not eat.
For in the day that you eat of it you shall surely die. Ferguson in this book he takes some literary license and he uh... he poetically says what god was saying expands on what god was saying here in chapter two verse sixteen.
It's as if god was saying to eve and adam i want you to grow in trusting and loving me just for myself. Because i am who i am. You can only really do that if you are willing to obey me. Not because you're wired to but because you want to show me that you trust and love me.
If you do that you will find you grow stronger and that your love for me deepens. Trust me. I know that's the purpose of having both the positive and the negative command. If we think back now to the fall into satan's temptation of eve satan exchanges the truth of god for a lie.
He's he's trying to. He's trying to make her question what god said in verse uh... six. So when the woman saw that the tree was good for food was his light to the eyes. And the tree was to be desired to make one wise.
What's going on in eve's mind here. Yes brian. She's beginning to feel like she's lacking something missing something. What is she missing. What does she think. She's missing the knowledge. Yeah. The knowledge of god or at least some knowledge.
Right. To make one wise. Yeah. He's with her. Right. Her husband who was with her just standing by not doing anything about it. Yes bob said that there's an implicit accusation that god is holding out on her.
He's got something that he won't give her. He said he'd give us everything but he's not. He's holding out on me. And so she's she's forgetting about the positive command and she's focusing entirely on the negative one.
Yes charlie. Right. Yes. Where satan says that i wanted i desire to be like the most high. Alright i will be the most high. And here's eve doing the same thing saying i want to be more wise than what god's given me.
So i want this fruit. So in one sense it's very antinomian. Yeah antinomian. Right. She's rejecting the command. She's rejecting the law that god's given her. It's an opposition to it's a breach of the law.
But what if i told you that what the serpent accomplished in eve's mind and affections and will was this separation of god's word his positive and negative command from his gracious and generous character.
Right. She was folks she had actually focused entirely on only that one negative command at this point and not really thinking about who god is or what he is like and what he has given her. And adam. Right.
In some total what does that look like while standing in paradise. That's right. I mean talk about count your blessings name them one by one. Right. Actually standing in eden now what it looks like is that eve is no longer seeing that sort of personal divine touch in the rule that she's supposed to be submitting to.
She only sees the obey but not the love and the affection and the generosity. That's all behind that command. God looks like a mean ogre to her. Right. Who just wants to keep her away from something. So here's the crazy thing.
And this is ferguson's thesis that in fact antinomianism is just another kind of legalism just another kind of legalism. In this sense legalism is the idea of works for salvation. But even deeper than that it's the lie that there is something anything that we can do to change god's disposition towards us.
A god becomes he whose favor must be earned because he's just an ogre who demands obedience. And so you have two reactions to that thought. One reaction is i'm gonna try to follow all those commands because i'm scared or fearful or some other thing.
And that's the legalist sort of reaction. Or there's the antinomian reaction that just rebels against that and says no i won't do any of that at all. I'll do whatever i please. And so it's just a dangerous a separation.
Right. When we talked about last week or last time about separating the work of christ from the per person of christ being a very dangerous separation we can also we could redefine legalism as we've been trying to talk about it as a separating of the law of god from the person of god.
Right. That now when you're thinking legalism when you're thinking legalistically you're only thinking about the rules and not about the rule giver. Right. You're focused entirely on the rules. What can i can and i cannot do what should and i should not do we.
The lie that we now believe is that instead of earth i'm sorry that you know what's the chief end of man to glorify god and to enjoy him forever. Right. That's the chief end of man. But rather we believe that the the the way to glorify god is to lose all joy forget joy.
I gotta follow these rules. That's how i glorify god. That's the lie. Because we're not thinking about god rightly. And we're not relating to god in an affectionate way. Right. It's the gospel that even allows that chief ended to be united.
It's the gospel that allows us to both glorify god and enjoy him forever without it. Where we are where we're immediately stuck in the in the in the legalist mindset. And so ferguson's thesis is that we are in fact all legalists at heart that that's what adam and eve gave us from their posterity is to make us all legalists.
So let's think now for the second part of the lesson today. Let's think about how does that end up manifesting itself in our lives. Okay. How does it threaten us. What goes wrong in your life when you're thinking only about the rules and not about the rule giver.
Anybody got any ideas. Would you like me to give the first and then prime the pump. Oh west got one. Okay. Yeah. It takes away your joy. Yep. What are you doing at that point. Like what are you doing it for.
Right. Because you have to. It's like slavery again. Right. Yes christine. Yep. You glorifying the works itself themselves. And worse yet who did those works in your mind you. Right. So in fact you end up glorifying yourself.
Okay. What else if god's favor is earned and we believe we're in god's favor. Let's go with the pharisaical approach to legalism. Mark we are completely self-righteous. We are good to go. We are better than that guy.
Thank you lord that i am not like that tax collector. Right. Takes away fellowship. Yeah. Yep. Depending on how well they're doing. Yeah. As we mature those rules sort of they become less important. Right.
There there there no longer needed to guide you to keep you go back into our bowling analogy. They're like the bumpers that keep you out of the gutters. Right. That's what the rule is. What parents are.
Parents are the bumpers to keep you out of the gutters. Yes. Erickson. No. I agree with you. I completely agree with you. Yes. And that that is why when it um you know i think everyone's hitting on the same idea here.
Right. That yes there are rules that we we all try to follow. And as charlie said when we're young in christ maybe that list is longer because we're we're being more careful and we're not sure what we can and cannot do yet.
And we're we're still trying to understand gain wisdom and knowledge and discernment. And because we have a little discernment we sort of set these boundaries for ourself. And as we age in christ those boundaries like we're a we have more wisdom and discernment and we're so we're able to less rigidly follow maybe a certain set of self-discipline rules.
But like the danger the part where you go off the rails is when it's only about the rules. And as bev said where you have a bad day and then in the more and then you realize all you know why i'm having a bad day.
It's because i forgot to read my bible this morning. That's why i'm having a bad day. Right. If only i had prayed more or if only i had i don't name it. Right. Given more offering uh... said more. You know i don't know uh... helped out that brother.
Or maybe i could have done more for them or whatever. It's always something more more more. Right. You get into this performance treadmill going to do a little bit more than things would be better for me.
And why are things better for me. Because because i've done enough and so thus god likes me better. Right. And if you'd like to be better than things go better so you're all doing good. You're all you're.
You're right now all exploring the entire panoply that is the marrow controversy. This is exactly what was going on between these two sides. Right. In both sides of the controversy there were elements of correct thinking.
Right. The the the scottish presbytery the people who oppose the marrow men they oppose them because they were worried that what they were talking about saying that sounded a little too antinomian again i don't have to worry about the rules at all.
And that's they would say. They replied with no. That's not what we're really saying. We're just saying don't make a god out of the rules. Right. And then and then and then the the other side of the i don't have a name so i have to keep get this the presbytery it's not just the presbytery but the people who are opposed to the marrow men you know they're like well we weren't trying to say that you had to follow the rules in order to be saved.
Okay. Right. But this is the whole working it out and staying between the two gutters on that on that bowling alley lane. Right. So we'll talk more when we get to the antinomian chapter. Let me go back to the legalist chapter about some of the stuff that you guys are bringing up.
But let me go back to the legalist chapter about staying away from the legalist gutter. Okay for a little bit. So back to the self reliance in the self righteousness. Right. This is i think the most subtle one.
And this is the one that i think all of us at one time or another are guilty of maybe more. And thomas boston in particular who was the original marrow man. He said this was the thing that he was most convicted about about his own preaching and about his own life as he read this book and this controversy erupted.
Which is this that when convicted of our sin our reaction is i will now try much harder i will do better. That's what we think repentance is. Right. I think you all heard exactly what was the most wrong in that two sentences.
Right. There's a little too much i in that turn to luke chapter 15. Please. And too much trying. Yeah a little too much i and a little too much trying. Luke chapter 15. Could someone read verses 11 through 17 please of luke chapter 15.
Yes. Will jesus is speaking this parable to who does anybody remember the context of this parable. Who's the audience that's listening to this more than anyone. The pharisees. That's right. The pharisees up until this point in the story the pharisees are all nodding and smiling.
There there there are a hundred percent behind this. Right. This prodigal son he shamed his father and dishonored him by demanding his inheritance early basically saying i wish you were dead dad so that i could just get my money now.
And then he took the money and instead of even still like well all right i'll take the money but i'll still stay home and take care of you and be a good son. No he ran off with it right to a far country.
And so he immediately squanders it and so serves him. Right. Right. Well that the severe famine comes along. This is god punishing him for what he's done wrong. So the pharisees like yep. Yep. Definitely.
Yep. Okay. Go ahead. Keep going. Well here the pharisees go. Oh good. He's come to his senses. Right. Verse 17. When he came to himself like well like he finally had the realization the light bulb went on.
Right. And even the pharisees like i said they're good. They're happy about this. They're like good. He came to his senses finally. He's gonna repent. He's gonna go back to his father. He's gonna do the right thing.
Yes brian i haven't gotten to the to the punchline yet. Go ahead. Yeah. Let me say the punchline now. Okay. Right. So then verse 18 comes. It's like hooray. And even we could say hooray. He's gonna repent.
He's gonna be saved. Right. Hang on. Wait though. I will arise and go to my father and i will say to him father i have sinned against heaven and before you so far so good. I am no longer worthy to be called your son.
Oh. Treat me as one of your hired servants. Treat me as one of your hired servants. What is the prodigal thinking. Right. Now what does he think. Is the way back into his father's good graces penance.
Treat me as one of your hired servants. At this moment the prodigal thinks the way to get back into the father's favor is to work his way back. Treat me as one of your hired servants. And the Pharisees again are still agreeing with this parable in Middle Eastern honor based culture.
This is exactly what a prodigal son should do. He should crawl back to his father and beg. The prescription is that he should look only at his father's feet and not dare to look up at him. Anything higher on his father than his father's feet.
The father like this stuff is almost all prescribed in many in Middle Eastern cultures. The father is supposed to at first completely refuse to see him or acknowledge his presence and instead make him sit outside like sit at the gate of the city or outside his front door for days so that he can be publicly humiliated.
Right. The whole town can see him sitting there and waiting for his father to finally even acknowledge his presence. And they're all all the townspeople are supposed to be able to come by and heap scorn and ridicule and mock the guy penance.
Right. And then after that some suitable time period has happened. Then the father can acknowledge him at least in so much as exactly what the prodigal is saying here he can treat him as one of his hired servants.
Certainly not treat him like he's a son. And then if maybe if he does a really great job and he keeps his head down and he works hard maybe eventually he might get back to the point where he could be invited to a few family events.
Right. That's the prescription of the Pharisees that's legalism. Remember that when the son left the cultural norm is that they held a funeral for the son. That's why at the end of this story we're not going to go look at this today.
But at the end of the store of the parable when the father's talking to the other son he says my son who was dead is now alive. Right. Because to the family he was dead they had a funeral gone. The prodigal's first problem was antinomianism.
Right. He said I'm tired of being the good son and working hard. I want my money. Let's party. Okay. But now he swung too far back the other way. And this is a very common problem in the human heart. We go from one extreme and we swing that pendulum as far back the other way as we can to the other side.
And now he's saying I will earn my back my father's favor. And of course though thankfully in the true character of God in the gospel there's none of that nonsense that happens. Right. Because what happens now in the parable there'll be no earning back the father's favor.
Because the father already loves us. Verse 20. And he arose and came to his father. But while he was still a long way off his father saw him and felt compassion and ran and embraced and kissed him. Just as we said earlier right.
The father already loves us. Right. Now notice when the prodigal goes to recite his little prepared speech in verse 21. Well you want to read it for us. What's missing. What do you leave out of that little speech.
Treat me as one of your hired servants. Because he's overwhelmed by God's grace overwhelmed by his mercy his love the prodigal. And all of us realizes I don't have to do anything. The father already loves me.
Jesus Christ already loves me. Jesus Christ has already done it all. That's the prescription against legalism. And yet like the Galatians we fall from grace we fail to believe that the righteousness of Christ alone is sufficient to entitle us entitle us to some justification of life.
And so we find ourselves with an evangelical head but a legalistic heart. And we wrongly see our we've said it earlier. We wrongly see this our growth and holiness as strengthening our justification. Our growing and holiness confirms our justification.
That's absolutely true but it does not strengthen it. And that's where we're thinking wrongly. God's love is perfect. And here's the great thing about perfection. Perfection is a knife-edge point. It's the peak optimum right.
Perfect. So there can be no shadow of turning from one side of that peak to the other right. Therefore you cannot do anything to make God love you less because then his love would not be perfect for you.
Nor. And this is the important one for today. Can you do anything to make him love you more. So our times up we got it to the end of the chapter though. Next week there'll be some more about it's Andrew.
Next week there'll be more about the ordo salutis in chapter 5 which I know you did a little bit of last time. And we'll talk more about the importance of how how to preach Christ when presenting the gospel.
What it really means all right. Any other questions before we close. Yes Charlie. But he was thinking wrongly about what the father right would have. What the father's reaction would be. Yeah. Yeah. I think.
So there are there are. Yes. I think there's definitely there's a color in there of humility right. Which is good but there's also the color of like we said like you're saying with the eastern eye of the of the penance of the earning it back.
Well yeah. As you say well but see now the way you're the way even the way you're saying it right. Right. Well okay God is more gracious than Bev. That's the summary. Everybody. Okay. No. No. So let me let me try to explain to restate this a little bit.
But yes. So yes there needs to be humility right. And in fact it's good. I think that the order in the way the parable plays out that the order plays out the way it does right. That he he starts out he starts out with a he's humbled he's repent.
You know he's got some kind of repentance growing here and he knows that he needs to go back to his father. He has a wrong idea of what it's gonna take to make his father love him again but he wants to go back.
He's he's humble he's been humbled and he's and he's like you're saying he's acknowledging that he's lower than dirt right. At least relative to his father. What's that. And that is repentance. Yes right.
Right. That's the repentance right. It's that what he what he didn't know he didn't know his father. Well enough if he had known his father well enough right he would know that his father was going to be ready to welcome him back kind of thing.
Now it doesn't mean again like like Charlie and Bev are saying it doesn't mean that he can just waltz in there and say like well I know you're a forgiving dad. So hey I'm back. How's it going. Everything's all good right.
Yeah it's because that's not a repentance to just waltz in like that. Yes. Yes. I completely agree right. And at this point we're talking about a guy who is unsaved and so we really should not expect much of him at this point in his theological thinking he wouldn't have gone off in the first place right.
Yes exactly right. Yes pretty did you. Which is exactly his reaction right. That when he when he's presented with when he overwhelmed with his father's love right. The prodigal. And also you know just to go back to Ferguson's point what he's I think the point he's trying to make here is that you know we are all prodigals we all have we all have that hidden in our heart right.
That legalistic bent like that's what we think is the way to back to God right. And so if we're not careful it's always there and it's always ready to sort of creep up on us and in our Christian life even once we're saved and believe that we can say that phrase where we say to ourselves yes I messed up.
So what I'm gonna do about it is I'm gonna turn back I'm gonna do the thing but I will try harder I will do better right. That's the prodigal way of doing things. No no but you're right. He came back with shame.
You're right. You're right. And he still did right. I am not worthy to be called your son. He did say that that was still part of his speech right. Even even after the father said hugged him and kissed him and welcomed him right.
He still said I'm not worthy to be called your son. Okay you guys are definitely ready for the antinomian chapter we are so thank you for for going through with this all right. Thanks. Let's pray Heavenly Father thank you so much for allowing us this time to study your word and consider these important points Lord and pray that you would help us that this is such a difficult thing and that the subtleties of legalism and antinomian ism that they have both in them the same root problem of us just not having a right picture and a right understanding of you that we are frail and finite and we always fall short in our ability to grasp just how great your love is for us how great and holy you are how perfect you are how great is the distance between you and us.
And yet Lord that you have united us to you in Christ through his sacrificial death and his resurrection. And these are mysteries that Lord I think we will spend eternity trying to comprehend. And Lord I just pray that while we are here on earth and still subject to our sinful flesh that you would vulnerable to our sinful flesh Lord.
That you would give us the wisdom and discernment and a clearer picture of you. That we might be able to stay away from these errors in Jesus name Amen.