Davidic Covenant (Baptist Covenant Theology)

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Okay, so tonight is week 10 Baptist covenant theology and we're talking about the Davidic covenant.
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What is that the covenant with? David okay. So I actually have on your sheet 2nd
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Samuel 7 1 through 29. That's the whole chapter I'm just gonna read the first 17 verses and I'll David's response is 18 through 29
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It's important, but I think we can make it through Initially just reading these first 17 verses
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So let's let's hear what the Word of the Lord says now when the king lived in his house
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And the Lord had given him rest from all his surrounding enemies The King said to Nathan the
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Prophet see now I dwell in a house of cedar But the Ark of God dwells in a tent and Nathan said to the king go do all that is in your heart
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For the Lord is with you But that same night the Word of the Lord came to Nathan go and tell my servant
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David Thus says the Lord would you build me a house to dwell in? I've not lived in a house since the day
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I brought up the people of Israel from Egypt to this day But I have been moving about and a tent for my dwelling in all places where I have
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Moved with all the people of Israel Did I speak a word with any of the judges of Israel whom I commanded to shepherd my people
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Israel saying why have you not? Build me a house of cedar Now therefore thus you shall say to my servant
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David thus says the Lord of hosts I took you from the pasture from following the sheep that you should be
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Prince over my people Israel And I've been with you wherever you went and I've cut off all your enemies from before you and I will make for you a great name like the name of the great ones of the earth and I will appoint a place for my people
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Israel and will plant them so they may dwell in their own place and be disturbed no more and Violent men shall afflict them no more as formerly from the time that I appointed judges over my people
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Israel And I will give you rest from all your enemies. Moreover, the Lord declares to you
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Listen to this that the Lord will make you a house When your days are fulfilled and you lie down with your fathers
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I will raise up offspring after you you who shall come from your body and I will establish his kingdom
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He shall build a house for my name and I will establish the throne of his kingdom forever I will be to him a father and he shall be to me a son when he commits iniquity
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I will discipline him with the rod of men with the stripes of the sons of men But my steadfast love will not depart from him as I took it from Saul whom
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I put away From before you and your house and your kingdom shall be made sure forever before me your throne shall be established
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Forever the coordinates with all these words and in accordance with all this vision Nathan spoke to David So David says
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I'm gonna build God a house. He's still in the tabernacle. I dwell in this nice palace I'm gonna build God a house and we kind of live this way
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Sometimes we're like I got a good idea. I'm gonna do it and Nathan says, you know what? That is a good idea. Great idea do it, but God stops him says no don't do it
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In fact, you're not gonna build me a house. I'm gonna what I am gonna build you a house and it's talking about his kingdom and Just to sum it up The Davidic Covenant is
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God's covenant with David that his own son would rule a kingdom forever Okay Sam Rinahan, it's on your sheet.
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The Mosaic Covenant Anticipated the Davidic Covenant. I'll read this from Peter Gentry and Stephen Wellham the
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Davidic Covenant Carries forward in specific ways the intentions and purposes of God Expressed in the
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Sinai Covenant and even further back in the Covenant with Abraham so we're gonna back up a little bit and we're gonna
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Look at the Covenant with Abraham and the Covenant with Moses for just a moment. So a couple passages to mention
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Genesis 17 verse 6 and 16. It says I will make you exceedingly fruitful
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He's talking to Abraham and I will make you into nations and kings shall come from you
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Then he talks about his wife Sarah. This is verse 16 I will bless her and moreover.
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I will give you a son by her. I will bless her and she shall become nations
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Kings of people shall come from her. So even in the Abrahamic Covenant there is an anticipation of kings in Deuteronomy 17 that was too much to put on your sheet.
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So I'm just gonna flip there real quick This is in the context of the Mosaic Covenant in Deuteronomy 17 verse 14 says
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When you come to the land that the Lord your God has given you and you possess it and dwell on it
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Then say and then say I will set a king over me Like all the nations that are around me You may indeed set a king over you whom the
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Lord your God will choose one from among your brothers You shall set his king over you You may not put a foreigner over you who is not over who is not your brother
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Only he must not acquire many horses for himself or cause the people to return to Egypt in order to acquire many horses
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Since the Lord has said to you you shall never return that way again And he shall not acquire many wives for himself
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Lest his heart turn away nor shall he acquire for himself excessive silver and gold And when he sits on the throne of his kingdom, he shall write for himself in a book a copy of this law approved by the
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Levitical priests And it shall be with him and he shall read it in all the days of his life
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That he may learn to fear the Lord his God By keeping all the words of this law and these statutes in doing them that his heart may not be lifted up Above his brothers and that he may not turn aside from the commandment either to the right hand or to the left
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So that he may continue long in his kingdom. He and his children in Israel. Okay, so What you see in those passages is there's an intent anticipation already in the
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Abrahamic Covenant and the Mosaic Covenant for Kings So now we need to do a quick history
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We're gonna skip a lot of years and a lot of verses a lot a lot But we're just gonna do a quick history of how we get from Moses To David so after you have
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Moses you have who who leads after Moses Joshua, okay, so you have
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Moses and you have Joshua after Joshua we enter into the time period of The judges so you have the whole book of Judges that covers
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Judges and Ruth Ruth is in the context of the judges We're not a hundred percent sure which judge for sure
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But you have the judges and you have Ruth and then you have the last judge Which is who?
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Samuel. Okay, so that brings us to first Samuel. So Hannah's song about her son
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Anticipates a king first Samuel 2 10. It's on your sheet the adversaries of the Lord Remembers Hannah is barren.
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She prays for a son. God gives her a son that son is Shamal l
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Samuel Shamal here l God he is heard of God or he hears
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God Okay, that's what Samuel means By the way, if you have a Noah kid named Sammy tell him that so the adversaries of the
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Lord She says she has the baby She sings a song first Samuel 2 10 the adversaries of the
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Lord shall be broken to pieces against them He will thunder in heaven. The Lord will judge the ends of the earth
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He will give strength to his king Now is there a king in Israel at this point?
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No So she anticipates a king and exalt the horn of his anointed.
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The anointed is the Messiah Then you have a turn of events and you have people asking for a king
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I know it's like God says you guys for a king But then they ask for a king and they're asking for it wrongly.
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So this first Samuel 8 4 through 7 Then all the elders of Israel gathered together and came to Samuel at Ramah and said to him behold
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You are old That's biblical. You can tell people that right Behold you are old and your sons do not walk in your ways
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Which that's sad now a point for us a king to judge us like all the nations but the thing displeased
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Samuel and When they said give us a king to judge us and Samuel prayed to the Lord The Lord said to Samuel obey the voice of the people and all that they say to you for they have not rejected you
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But they have rejected me From being king over them Okay, God's intention was for a king
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But he is the king and we'll get to that later A .w. Pink has a great quote about this
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God accomplishes his holy counsels or his plans by the free actions of sinful men
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That's so important the way we understand the sovereignty of people the way we understand the sovereignty of God is not
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God Not God forcing people like robots or whatever men choose men do what they want
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They ask for a king and yet God is in governance even over that and is bringing about exactly his plan
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It's a beautiful mystery, but it's a glorious reality of God's sovereignty Now, let me just pause for a moment and remind us where we're at We have people come in and out, you know,
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I understand wednesday night's a little hard So remember something God had a plan for a people to be over the whole earth
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That's in genesis 1 To adam and eve be fruitful and multiply and fill the earth adam and eve
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I you know if you're here and you're missing this i'm, sorry. It is a spoiler. Sorry, but they failed. Okay God promised one to reverse the curse
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In genesis 3 but listen In first samuel, it's been nearly three thousand years from genesis 3 to time first samuel plus or minus 3 000 years
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It's been almost a thousand years now Since abraham now put yourself let's put ourself in first samuel
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How is that looking god's going to have a people over the whole earth god's going to have a kingdom so Is god's kingdom in first samuel?
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Right there. Are we on the cusp? Are we on the precipice is is the kingdom of god in first samuel about to expand over the whole earth?
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Yeah your name Is Yeah, maybe you say yes and no but but in one sense it's a very much no because It's not even in one sense expanding throughout physical israel
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Is it and think about all the rest of the world? So so what i'm saying here is It seems as though the prince of darkness is winning
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But we have to trust god's timing. Okay We have to trust the big picture plan we live now some 3 000 years since uh after samuel
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And we can see the big picture now But when israel asked this in first samuel 8
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They are wanting the kingdom of god to operate and function like the kingdom Of the world because that's what they want
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Their priority their prerogative is on the temporal and it's on the carnal
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Give us a king We don't want god to be king over us. We want a king like the other nations
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I think that should serve as a warning to us And at times we're really prone to say we want to be just like the world
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But the kingdom of god is spiritual. It's not a kingdom like the worldly kingdom
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Does it have impact on the world? Of course it does But our king is better Than worldly kings.
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You can look at jeremiah 10 7 for example Now in israel's history we move To the first king which is saul and we're just going to mention that okay
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Saul now we move from saul to david now we spend because you spend weeks on all of that a lot of history skipping here
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But what we're going to try to do now is get to the substance Of the davidic covenant.
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I know we kind of moved a little fast questions, you know But anyway, we're just trying to get from moses to david. So now we got moses
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Or now we're moses now. We're all the way to david questions comments skipped a lot. But now we're at david
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Okay now Here is the substance of the davidic covenant and I put some passages here psalm 132 11 and 12
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The lord swore to david a sure oath From which he will not turn back
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One of the sons of your body I will sit on your throne If your sons keep my covenant and my testimonies that I shall teach them their sons also forever
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She'll sit on your throne Psalm 89 1 through 4. I will sing of the steadfast love of the lord forever with my mouth
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I will make known your faithfulness to all generations For I said steadfast love will be built up forever in the heavens
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You will establish your faithfulness. You have said I have made a covenant with my chosen one. I have sworn to david my servant
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I will establish your offspring forever and build your throne for all generations
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Say a lot and then there's a couple other passages. You can look at psalm 2 first kings 2 first kings 2 is when psalm 2 is
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Talking about the son jesus the anointed one he the nation's rage
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But the exhortation is to kiss the son lest he be angry with you then first kings 2 is when
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Solomon is taking over david's dying and david reminds him of this promise
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But here's a question I have for us tonight davidic covenant conditional or unconditional Yeah, I mean in one way we could say yes, because it's kind of similar to the abrahamic covenant
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Like is god gonna let this one like is god gonna let this? covenant fail
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No He's not Yet at the same time are there clear conditions that must be met?
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Yes so in some ways as I was studying for this it reminds us of The abrahamic covenant, right?
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There's an unconditional aspect here. God is going to do this, but there's also a clear condition the offspring of david
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Must keep yahweh's covenant and his testimonies Okay, so oh palmer robertson writes this under abraham
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The uncircumcised male was to be cut off under moses The disobedient would not enter god's arrest
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Under david the sinful king was to be beaten with the rod of men in each case
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Full participation in the blessings of the covenant had a condition Only as this condition was fulfilled
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Would blessing be assured? Are you and you'll be honest here and if I need to go over something
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I can Are you seeing a pattern here? Abrahamic covenant. There is a condition
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Mosaic covenant. There is a condition davidic covenant. There is a condition
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What's the pattern? The condition must be met right?
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Adam failed the condition uh under these covenants Condition must be met they are
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Therefore not Administrations of the covenant of grace
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Rather they point us forward to What the covenant of grace is going to be all about they show us these covenants show us the need of someone to meet these conditions
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Now think about this i'm gonna set you up. This is a softball, right? I'm, just gonna throw a big old beach ball up there to you and you just smash it over the fence
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Who could possibly feel all these covenants who could keep all of these conditions who could who could
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Meet the abrahamic covenant and the mosaic covenant and the davidic covenant who possibly
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Could complete the covenant of works with adam who could who could do all this?
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Christ christ All of these covenants are pointing us forward to what we need in jesus
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So I might add this as well. David understood this. He was a model. No, that's too much now.
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Listen, just hear me out Ultimately david's hope was in the messiah How do
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I know this I put this on on your sheet because David says it and then jesus quotes it in matthew 22
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And that's psalm 110 verse 1 david says the lord Says to my lord
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That's interesting yahweh says to my
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Adonai Sit at my right hand until I make your enemies your footstool
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So jesus says in matthew 22 whose whose son?
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Is the messiah? And what do they say? They say of course, it's david's son.
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Jesus says then why does david call the messiah lord? Why does david call the messiah lord because he understood his need for the messiah
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You understand? This is salvation in the old testament. The saints in the old testament were saved by looking forward to these promises if you want to think of it as retroactivity of the covenant of grace uh, maybe that's kind of clunkily clunky and complicated but By looking forward to the new covenant and and the ratification thereof in the blood of christ
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This covenant would apply to them even though outwardly they were still members Of the old covenant they were saved by virtue of the promise of the new covenant.
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I hope that makes sense not saved by the abrahamic Mosaic or davidic covenant.
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They're not saved by the trying to keep the covenant works. They're only saved by christ. That makes sense
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Okay, so let's consider some things this davidic covenant shows us number one. These are just kind of general observations
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Number one, it's obvious David's son will be of david's lineage And and I would add this not only will he be of the physical lineage of david, but this must be a man after god's own heart
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Like david was except even better Because david failed didn't he?
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Two David's son will build the temple. I mean, that's what we all got back back in second samuel
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That's the whole point david's like i'm gonna build you a temple God's like no you're not Okay, so does david's son build a temple?
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Yes. Solomon builds a temple Uh, he builds the physical temple then you have later zuruba bell zuruba bell zuruba bell was in the lineage of who?
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david And he builds the temple. So the temple is built by solomon. It's destroyed zuruba bell rebuilds the temple
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And then thirdly david's son Is going to have an established kingdom forever
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Well, let's be lets us know it's not solomon it's not zuruba bell because their their reigns went
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Zuruba bell really was like a governor instead of a king so uh He's going to roam on Roam, he's going to reign on the throne.
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I put those together He's going to reign on the throne of david, which i'm arguing just like the temple points to something greater.
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Okay But it's important to mention here that the davidic covenant Intertwine the fate of god's people with the fate of the king
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So now because of the davidic covenant As goes the king so goes who? The people and you see that time and time again in the um
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In the book of kings and chronicles the books So let me just read i'll get let me explain to you from a biblical biblical standpoint first kings nine
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Verse four and as for you if you walk before me as david your father walked To solomon with integrity of heart and uprightness doing according to all that i've commanded you
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And keeping my statutes and my rules then I will establish your royal throne over israel forever
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As I promised david your father saying you shall not like a man on the throne of israel But if you turn aside from following me you or your children and do not keep my commandments and my statutes
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I've set before you but go and serve other gods and worship then them Look at the language here, then
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I will cut off who israel So king israel now, they're intertwined
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Understand i'll cut off israel from the land I've given them in the house that i've consecrated for my name
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I will cast out of my sight and israel will become a proverb and a byword among the peoples
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All right. So here's the conditions I'll just give you four number one He must keep the law of god this on your sheet.
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He must do all that god commands This is the son of david must do these things number two
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He must guard the worship of god He must have a zeal for the lord's house
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Because the king is responsible for proper worship You see it time and time again the kings of israel and judah lead the people into what?
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idolatry Thirdly, he must rule the people of god. He should be a just he must be a just and righteous king with the blessings of god
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Ruling over the people of god and by doing that fourthly He ushers in the blessing of god upon the people of god.
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So when the condition is met God's blessing follows
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Now there are ebb and flows in israel's history and you see good kings and bad kings, but you never see this even come close to Being fulfilled you understand
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That's and if I couldn't make it plain enough already, let me read this quote from jeff johnson The new adam would be the son of abraham the royal child of david the new prophet
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The holy priest and the righteous king The kingdom of god will triumph over the kingdom of darkness for this is the central message of the old testament
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In some the old testament redemptive history ultimately points to the coming of one person christ jesus
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I don't know why Precisely god allowed so much to happen in the old testament
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But one thing we know from the old testament It doesn't matter how long you let these kings come ain't none of them going to fulfill these requirements right king after king after king even the good kings they ultimately fail
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So now we go to the new testament Now when you get to the new testament both matthew and luke include genealogies
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Why? Yeah, but why is that so important?
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Yeah, this man is from The line of david
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Which is from the line? of abraham Paul says in romans 1 3 that jesus is descended from david according to the flesh
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So like wrapped up in the gospel now for us, maybe we lose this sometimes but really wrapped up in the gospel
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It's not just that jesus is born of the virgin Like let me put it this way. Sometimes we forget to include joseph in the gospel
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All right. I'm i'm guilty of that, too joseph is not the Biological father of jesus, but joseph stands in the line and lineage of who?
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david and jesus Is a descendant of david in that sense
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We could talk about the hypostatic union jesus had Uh, how many chromosomes you supposed to have 23?
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Is that right sound right to you? You're the science guy back there Oh, you're not helping me.
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Anyway His uh, jesus's dna would have been made up of joseph and mary, right?
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because but he's Joe, he is conceived by the holy spirit, right?
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Understand so he is free from original sin And he is in the lineage of david
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Because he has to be and so there's some things to consider carefully from the new testament few verses luke 1
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Verse 30 to 33 and the angel said to her do not be afraid mary For you have found favor with god and behold you will conceive in your womb and bear a son and you shall call his name
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Jesus He will be great and will be called the son of the most high and the lord god will give to him the throne
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Of his father david and he will reign over the house of jacob forever in his of his kingdom.
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There will be no end Acts chapter 2 we need to turn to that a little bit longer acts chapter 2
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Turn to that in your bible real quick This is that the preaching
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Pentecost On acts chapter 2 verse 29
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Brothers, I I may say to you with confidence about the patriarch david that he both died and was buried, right?
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It's kind of funny. He's like I can say to you. Look, I think he had a sense of humor Humor, maybe I can say to you i'm pretty sure david's dead and he's buried and his tomb is with us to this day
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Being there for a prophet and knowing that god has sworn with an oath to him That he would set one of his descendants on his throne
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He foresaw and spoke about the resurrection of the christ you understand You understand that this text is telling us that david spoke about foresaw and spoke about the resurrection of christ so don't
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Come talk to me about they didn't have the gospel in the old testament Don't tell me that well, we didn't really know what the gospel was till the new testament guys peter is saying david foresaw and spoke
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About the resurrection of the christ and that he was not abandoned to hades nor did his flesh see corruption
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This jesus god raised up and of that we are all witnesses Being therefore exalted at the right hand of god and having received from the father the promise of the holy spirit
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He has poured out this That you yourselves are seen in hearing for david did not ascend into the heavens
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But he himself says the lord said to my lord psalm 110 one sit at my right hand until I make your enemies your footstool
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Let all the house of israel therefore know for certain that god has made him both lord and christ this jesus
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Whom you crucify see also ephesians 1 20 through 23. He's highly exalted above all earthly powers revelation 1906
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Calls jesus king of kings. Sorry 19 revelation 1916 king of kings and lord of lords
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So here's what kim riddlebarger writes. He says it was in christ's resurrection and ascension
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Therefore that god fulfilled his promise that david's greater son would rule the nations with an everlasting kingdom
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I'm gonna say this here. I'll put my cards on the table. We're not waiting for jesus to ascend the throne of david
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He's on the throne I'm, not saying we're seeing everything in its fullness.
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The kingdom is in one sense already, but not yet. I get that Okay, but we're not man.
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I just can't wait so many people got their eyes on physical israel thinking well, you know We're just waiting.
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Oh, jesus gonna sit on the throne of david one day. No, he's there. He's ruling he's reigning right now
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And by the time we understand the davidic covenant and we we piece these promises together
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We see christ we see all he must do He he must fulfill what adam failed to do.
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He must keep god's law As the righteous offspring of abraham. He must be the perfect prophet perfect priest perfect king given to us in the mosaic covenant
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Fulfilling all righteousness under that old covenant He must be the king promised to david and usher in the kingdom of god
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He says in mark 1 15 the kingdom of god is at hand Repent and believe in the gospel.
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He must die for god's people god's law demands He must
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Bear the curse of the law for us he must Be buried tasting the full measure of death.
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He must rise again from the dead in victory He must ascend to the throne and be seated until all his enemies are defeated
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And he returns to bring in the new heavens and new earth judging the nations in righteousness christ is king
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But did he build the temple? Forgot about we left that off a little bit. Didn't we? The son of david is going to build the temple.
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Did he build the temple? The new testament says he is the temple And he says in matthew 16 18 right?
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I will build my church Right So the temple that he is building today
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Is the church It's greater than the temple solomon built It's greater than the temple zaruba bell built and the bible says this of the church in first peter 2 9
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Listen, I'll listen very carefully. Oh wait. It's on your sheet Follow along with me and listen carefully to this language
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Peter says to the church. You are a chosen race a royal priesthood a holy nation
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A people for his own possession. I'll just stop there What are these words?
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Race royal priesthood nation
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What does this sound like to you? It sounds like israel
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You know i'm saying And and alex is right in those things he said but it sounds an awful lot to me like israel
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But it's being applied to new testament believers Why is that did the church? Replace israel.
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No the church is the Fun word to say s anytime you can say the word eschatological you should say it
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The church is the eschatological fulfillment of israel And important for tonight's lesson the church is the kingdom of christ
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Christ is sovereign overall. He's sovereign over every government over every nation, but it's through the church
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That his kingdom is expanding in the sense of that promise from the beginning
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Having a people over all the earth who recognize the righteous rule of jesus and rejoice in it
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So what god planned in the garden of eden what he promised in genesis 3 what he made provision for?
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In the noahic covenant and foreshadowed in the covenants of promise has now come to fruition fruition
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It has been realized in christ and listen to this It's happening right before our eyes and through the church as we proclaim the kingdom of christ as we
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Call upon sinners to repent of their sins to put their faith in the prophet priest king the god man
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Jesus christ the messiah the one sitting on and ruling from the throne of david
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This is the kingdom of christ and it's expanding all over the world today
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And so this leaves us with one final covenant to discuss next week, which is what?
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the new covenant All right, and that's enough for today. We'll now go to questions and answers