God's Amazing Universe with Dr. Doug Walker Phd

Creation Fellowship

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And we are recording now and we are also headed for Facebook live stream so I can get started.

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I'm Terry Camerizell here on behalf of Creation Fellowship Santee. Welcome to our sixth season of CFS Virtually There.

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We love to learn about our creator God and believe that the Bible when read properly disproves

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Darwinian evolution. We've been meeting on this online platform since May of 2020.

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Since meeting online, we've been blessed with over 100 individual speakers. Our mission statement is 1

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Peter 3 .15, always be ready to give an answer for the hope that lies within you.

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You can find most of our past presentations by visiting tinyurl .com forward slash

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CFS archives. C like creation, F like fellowship, S like Santee and the word archives.

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Dr. Douglas Walker is an engineer and researcher. He has obtained a PhD in astronomy with studies at both

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James Cook University and the University of Canterbury. Some of our members met

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Doug last September on their creation trip to South Africa. So we have been blessed to have him speak for us and also become friends with him.

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And tonight he's back to share with us some more of his knowledge of the universe. I'm going to turn it over to you now,

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Doug. Okay. Thank you, Terri. So first of all, I just want to say thank you for everybody coming tonight, listen to this talk.

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This is a really a passion of my heart. It's been since I was a little child. So and God has put me, brought me to an amazing journey to get here.

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So that's probably talk about that another time, but thank you for coming. So, so I titled this talk,

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God's Amazing Universe, because hopefully as I take you through what I'm going to speak about the next 30 or 45 minutes or whatever, you'll see that the universe is incredibly amazing, incredibly large.

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It's just unbelievable how beautiful and amazing it really is.

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So I'm hoping that some of that passion for that God's beauty and his universe will spill over into you as we go through this talk.

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Can I go forward? Hang on. There we go.

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Okay. So two parts, what I want to talk about tonight. So part one is

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I just want to take us through a quick trip through starting with here we are on earth and take us through space and time, not time, space all the way out to the largest structures of the universe.

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So, you know, first talked about some distances in space so we can try to grapple with that.

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And just briefly look at a solar system, I did a talk I did back last fall was on the solar system.

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So I'm going to spend a lot of time on that. But now I'm going to go out, some of that to our stellar neighborhood, then we go into our

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Milky Way galaxy and then outside of Milky Way and finally to the very largest portions of the universe.

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So that'll be the first part of it. And the second part is just like, okay, so let's let's look at some evidence, some scientific evidence for both an evolving universe and for a created universe.

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Right. And then we'll conclude here. So. All right. So part one, just a trip to the starting of the solar system moving out.

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So distances in space, you know, we really don't I don't think

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I can't myself. We really don't have a can grasp the distances that we're talking about in space.

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OK. And so I kind of start off this. I teach an introductory astronomy course online now with Yuppie Pie College, which is north of here in Prescott, Arizona.

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And I've taught some in class courses, too. And I always try to start off with the very first part of the semester with this kind of portion here saying,

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OK, let's look to see just can we even start to grasp what the distances look like in space?

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OK, so let's talk about let's go back and relate to something we can relate to and then we'll try to expand it out.

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So let's take a simple example. You want to drive. And I'm here in Phoenix.

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I want to go over to San Francisco or I take a trip. That's like 751 miles if you go

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Google map or whatever it is, right. And I want to say, OK, we're going to get my new

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I don't know if that's a Jaguar there on the right or not. My new very expensive car travel at 70 miles an hour.

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I mean, speed limits in Arizona are 75. I think California is 70. So we'll just say 70 miles an hour.

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And we're not going to stop anywhere. Right. And anything is these examples because, you know, that'll just complicate the example more.

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So nonstop, how long does it take you to drive from Phoenix to San Francisco? Ten hours and 45 minutes.

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Well, that's a pretty good drive, right? It's about six hours from here to L .A. So, you know, that's a pretty good drive, right?

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OK, well, let's say you want to turn around and drive to the moon. Well, about the average distance from Earth to the moon average is not a perfectly circular orbit.

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It's about two hundred fifty one thousand miles. So driving at that same speed is going to take you one hundred fifty days nonstop.

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Like, OK, now you're approaching half a year, OK, to drive to the moon. And the

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Apollo astronauts, you know, got there in a little over three days. So they were traveling quite a bit faster than you are in your car, right?

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But let's say the example, if you're going to drive to Mars now, the Mars average difference from the Earth and it varies quite a bit in its orbit because you were both orbiting the sun about one hundred forty million miles.

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So that's going to take you about two hundred twenty eight years. OK, the sun's closer on the average, about ninety three million miles, about ninety three million miles from us, one hundred fifty one years to drive the sun,

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Jupiter further out in the solar system. Right. We're talking about, you know, observing

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Jupiter and its moons, you know, with a small telescope, much like Steve's ball, you can see

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Jupiter's, you can see the bands on the planet, a very large planet, and you can see the moons. If you watch it night after night, you can actually see the moon and that's what

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Galileo first observed and and, you know, hundreds of years ago.

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But if you're going to drive to Jupiter, it's going to take you five hundred ninety five years. Pluto, which I still consider a planet, outer edges of our solar system, it's going to take you five millennium, the nearest star, the nearest star,

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Alpha Centauri, forty thousand millennium. OK, so obviously you're not going to drive anywhere, right?

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And so how do astronomers measure distances in space? We move away from the miles because that's not going to get us, you know, the numbers would be just ridiculously large.

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Right. So we do what they call a light year. And that's a it's not a time, but it's a distance light travels in one year.

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Light's traveling approximately one hundred eighty six, actually I should put one hundred eighty six, three hundred miles per second.

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OK, if you take that times the number of seconds in a year, so light travels about five point eighty eight trillion miles a year.

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OK, so if you can grab your head around that, you know, so obviously we'll never get anywhere, you know, driving anywhere, right?

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Spacecraft even takes years to get out to the other planets. Right. So now let's look, if you're traveling at the speed of light, near the last millennium

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Falcon, right? They traveled multiple times the speed of light, right? They said they could get to the Milky Way Center in about an hour or so.

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OK, whatever. But the speed of light now we can get to the moon in one point three seconds.

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Well, it took you 150 days to drive it. Now you get there one point three seconds, eight point three minutes to get to the sun.

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It's still going to take you two thousand years to get out of the Milky Way and down at the bottom down there, it says it's going to take 90 billion years to get the edge of the observable universe.

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OK, so I found that little clip and there's another little clip on the side there. It's kind of the same thing, right?

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So Earth to the moon, one point two, eight seconds. Yeah. OK, that's OK there.

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Twelve point five, two minutes to Mars. OK, nearest star, they've got

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Proxima and Tauri. It's actually a dual system. So four point two, four light years.

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There is a cluster there. When we go to the Milky Way Center, twenty six thousand years get to the center of the Milky Way. Andromeda, the closest galaxy to us, and you can see that with your naked eye to get out where it's really dark, you know where to look.

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And it's a fuzzy little spot in the sky. Even in a telescope, it's a fuzzy little spot.

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It's two point five, three million light years, million light years. Edge of the observable universe, they've got is forty six point six billion, so I think it's very interesting that this one clip on the left got 90 billion years to the edge of the observable universe.

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And these guys got forty six point six billion years. OK, so I'm starting off by saying there's a lot of discrepancy and just all this literature you're talking about, right?

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Here's something I pulled out when I was a kid, you know, I had this little booklet science series,

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Man and Missiles, and I remember reading that thing multiple times or whatever. And I'd lost it years ago.

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But then I found a copy of it on sale on eBay. So I bought it.

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Right. Because I remember the last page of this is stuck in my mind, Pluto. So this is when Pluto was a planet.

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Pluto, gateway to the stars, always kind of like that. Right. So went back and looked at last page again.

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It's like and even back then, right down where I circled at the red box. Star travel is a gigantic problem.

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So, yes, they even recognize it, you know, way back in the mid 20th century that, yeah, it's a large problem to try to get to these stars.

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Right. OK, we're going to leave the solar system quickly here. Upper left, there's a solar system now showing you the planets.

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OK, down on the right is the solar system. When I was a kid back there, say they got

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Pluto out there. Right. So that's why I still kind of favor Pluto. And there's a story about how

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Pluto got demoted. We can talk about that at some of the time you'd like, which I think was kind of underhandedly.

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But so there's the planets of the solar system. Size comparison of the planets.

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Again, I'm trying to give you a appreciation for, you know, we're talking about size and distances of just astronomical, right.

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Things. So up at the top, size comparison of the planets. So there's the Sun. OK, Mercury's a little dot you can't see, right?

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You barely see Earth and Venus. They're almost the same size. Mars a little bit smaller. Jupiter.

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OK, but it's not nearly as big as the Sun. Right. Largest planet in the solar system. There's Saturn with the magnificent rings.

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And we go to Uranus and Neptune, the outer gaseous, jovian planets out there.

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They're smaller than than Jupiter, Saturn. So so that's size comparison. The bottom one there shows you a distance scale comparison.

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Right. So now this is set up on what they call you see down to bottom AUs here.

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OK, so AU stands for astronomical unit. So what they've done 100 years ago, they set the scale of the distance from the

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Earth to the Sun as one AU. And so now the scale to bottom is showing you on that reference scale.

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See Earth over here with the little blue dot. It should be right at one AU. OK, and then

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I guess that's the asteroid belt. That must be Mars must be one point five.

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Oh, no, that's kilometers. OK, sorry, sorry. So one AU is the same thing as one point five e to the eighth power kilometers.

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OK, and Jupiter's out here. They don't have it on here, but it's about five point eight AU. So what that says is about five times the distance from the

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Sun that Earth is. Saturn's at 10 AU. So so look at that. So Saturn is twice the distance from the

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Sun that Jupiter is. Uranus now is twice the distance from the

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Sun at point. Well, not twice. Yeah, 20. Yeah, 20 AU versus 10 AU for Saturn.

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And then not quite twice. We go to 30 AU for Neptune and then Pluto's way out there at 40 astronomical units out from the

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Sun. So size wise, it shows you that we are on a very, very small little planet in our solar system compared to this organic

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Sun there. And we are very close in to the Sun compared to all the other planets outside here, rest of the solar system.

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We visited all these outer planets here. I've skipped over like Venus and Mercury and Mars.

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That's, you know, entered what they call the terrestrial planets. These are the outer gas giants or Jovian planets.

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And so we've taken photos, flown spacecraft, flybys, all of them.

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Voyager 2, Voyager 1 actually went past Jupiter, I think, in 78, and they left the solar system.

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So the Voyager 2, they planned it, you know, very, very nicely. They visited

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Jupiter in 79, Saturn in 81, and they flew it past Uranus in 86.

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So all the planets kind of lined up. They could just do this billiard ball bouncing effect to the outer planets.

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Neptune in 89. Okay. Then in a separate mission, we sent this thing called

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New Horizons out to Pluto and it arrived there in 2014. That's a picture of the surface of Pluto.

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Finally, we ever got any close -ups of Pluto. And these were all flybys.

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They didn't go into orbit around the planets. They were just flybys. And now the New Horizons, I think, is moving through what they call the

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Kuiper Belt, looking at some other outer objects and stuff. Now, we've sent probes in orbit around Saturn and Jupiter since then.

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Haven't seen any to go in orbit around Uranus or Neptune. So some of that's in the planning stages. All right.

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Now we're going to leave the solar system, right? And we're going to look out what they call the, quote, stellar neighborhood.

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So these are our neighbors in your neighborhood, right? So closest star is

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Alpha Centauri. You can see the sun there in the center. I don't know if you can see my little cursor flying around or not.

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Sun's in the center there. There's Alpha Centauri. And see Proxima Centauri is a double star system.

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So they're our closest ones, right? And so then you have these other stars. All these are within 30 light years in a sphere with the

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Earth at the center, okay? So here's a scale up here showing 10 light years. So it must be 10, and then 30 is the diameter all the way across.

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So they're saying within the sphere, there's 71 stars within 30 light years of the sun, okay?

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And out of these 71 stars, there's only 49 star systems.

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22 of these are double -type star systems called binary systems, and 15s are triple -type systems.

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They got three stars, you know, of a complicated orbital mechanics around the way they orbit each other themselves.

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So that's our stellar neighborhood, okay? Now if we go out further, now we leave the neighborhood.

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We go into the Milky Way galaxy, okay? So now in the center of the screen here, here's, you know, the

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Milky Way, the way we mapped it out. And, you know, if you go back 100 years ago, right, early 1900s or whatever, they were just discovering and mapping out what the

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Milky Way looked like. You know, the late 1800s, they didn't really realize that we lived in this thing called, you know, this galaxy.

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They didn't really have any resolution on Andromeda. They couldn't really figure out what that was. And so it took a while for them to kind of figure out and map what was going on, because, you know, we're in the midst of this thing, right?

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But there's the sun, and we're in this. So there's arms in the Milky Way, because it's rotating, okay?

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So there's these, you know, it's like a pinwheel, fireworks pinwheel, right? So, you know, the stars are being drug along with it as it rotates.

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The sun's in this thing, one of the spurs of the Perseus arm called the Orion Spur, okay?

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So there we are in the middle. Upper right there is just a photo of the Milky Way galaxy taken at night with some type of camera system.

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So if you go out where it's really dark, and you look up, you can see that band, and it needs to be dark, right?

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And so when you, you know, if you do go out someplace, camper, wherever it's dark, you need to let your eyes adjust for at least 30 minutes when you first go outside.

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Get dark adapted. But, you know, you can see the band of the Milky Way across the sky. And it's, you know, it's really beautiful, right?

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Now, the photos take all those dark sloshes across the middle of it there.

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That's actually gas and stuff that's obscuring between our view of the central part of the galaxy.

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So they say the size, you know, estimate size of the Milky Way is anywhere over 100 ,000 to 200 ,000 light years in diameter.

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And I'm like, you know, that's a pretty good error bar on that, right? You know, a hundred to two, I mean, and the number of stars, they say, you know, it's estimated anywhere from 100 to 400 billion.

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And I read somewhere that it could be an estimate of up to a trillion stars in our Milky, in only our

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Milky Way galaxy. I think these estimates are like wildly all over the place.

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You would think they would be more refined than that. Maybe they are in some of the literature. I just haven't found it.

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Okay, let's see if I can go forward now. There we go.

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Okay, so we're still inside the Milky Way. So what are some of the, I'm not going to talk about these strange objects inside the

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Milky Way. Well, everybody's probably heard of black holes, right? You know, so there was a movie back there in the,

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I think it was 79 or 80 or something like that, you know, Disney with the black holes and spacecraft circling around a black hole, right?

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And black holes were first theorized, I believe, in the late 50s, early 60s.

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And Stephen Hawking, if you know who he was, you know, he has or had Lou Gehrig's disease and he was in a wheelchair.

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He's a brilliant guy, right? He first did some of the first calculations and first theorized, you know, what black holes really were.

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So it took us a long time. We finally got an image of this black hole. So a black hole is a collapsed star that the mass of the star was so large.

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All right, let me back up and kind of start here. So a star goes through, you know, we take a normal cycle, right?

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We look at the physics of the stars. They say, okay, a star goes through this life cycle. Once it uses all its hydrogen fuel up, it starts burning heavier elements in a periodic chart.

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And finally, it burns all the elements up. It can't sustain nuclear fusion anymore. And one of two things will either happen.

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Either the size, the mass of the star is not large enough.

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It'll collapse down on itself. It becomes a high density neutron star, which I'll talk about in just a minute.

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It could actually go supernova, which would explode. And it produces a tremendous amount of energy.

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Or if the mass is large enough, and I think it's like three and a half or four solar masses the size of the sun.

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When it starts collapsing down on itself, because gravity collapsed the star on itself.

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And if it's a mass not large enough, then you have the repulsive of the neutrons and stuff in the atomic elements of the mass being produced down.

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It counterbalanced the gravity. And so it becomes either a white dwarf or a neutron star.

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If the mass is large enough, it can't overcome that gravity. So it just keeps collapsing down into this dimensionless point on a black hole.

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And it's called a black hole because the escape velocity beyond a certain point called the event horizon on a black hole is greater than the speed of light.

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So light cannot even escape inside this horizon of this black hole.

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And so it took us years, but there's finally an image of the black hole. And it's at the center of this galaxy

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M87, which is a picture up in the upper right there. So M87 is a

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Messier object number 87. Charles Messier was a French pastor. And I believe it's

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French. Yeah, French pastor. And a couple hundred years ago, I need to look at the exact dates. And he had a, you know, crew telescope back then.

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He was looking for trying to discover new comets. So he's a pastor, but he loved astronomy. He was trying to discover new comets, you know, like Edwin Halley and stuff.

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And so he would come across these objects in the sky and fuzzy, blah, blah, blah. He's like, no, I've seen that thing before, right?

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Rats. So it's like, I'm gonna start making a catalog. So we start cataloging. M1 all the way through M110, I believe.

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So now they're called the Messier catalog list. So this one here was number 87 that he cataloged in this list.

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So astronomers have finally got an image of a black hole inside that galaxy.

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Okay, so I want to divert here for a second. This thing's called a Heisberg -Russell diagram,

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HR diagram. Astronomers use this to try to plot out what the life sequences of stars.

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Now we all know the universe is only a few thousand years old. So, and it was created with all this appearance of age.

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That's why the stars can be looking at different agency cycles. But if a star went through its life cycle and the sun's right, where is our sun?

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That should be right there. Well, if you can see my cursor, it's right in the middle where it says lifetime 10 to the 10 years.

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So they're saying that's how long the nuclear fuel inside the sun will last.

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And then when the sun uses all its fuel, it's not large enough. It'll probably become a red giant.

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And it branches off to the right and says, see those giants up there? There's other stars that we know about that are in that stage.

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There's Aldebaran, Prolix, Arcturus up there. And you can see those stars in the sky.

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They can become super giants above that, like Betelgeuse and Terres.

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And then a star will burn itself out and go down to the lower left and what they call white dwarfs.

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So this is kind of a life path of what astronomers and physicists think stars go through.

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Now, this is actually a plot of surface temperatures of stars and luminosity. So it's not really an evolutionary cycle.

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It's just a plot of the luminosity versus the temperature of the star itself.

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But then astronomers say it goes along a cycle. So I wanted to show you that because as stars go off and they collapse back down, some of these things become very dense and are called neutron stars, which are basically made of neutrons out of the atom, right?

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So a basic atom, there's all these subatomic particles now, basic atoms, protons, neutrons, electrons.

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These things are leftover cores from exploded stars, from supernovas. And some of the densest objects in the universe, these things are called neutron stars.

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And there are different flavors of them. Magnetar, pulsar, or you have a magnetar plus a pulsar.

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So pulsars are very interesting, weird objects. I'll see if we can make this thing here work.

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Will it come up? You guys see that flashing in front of you there? So this is illustration of a pulsar and its magnetic field.

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There's energy being sent off along this axis, along this magnetic field.

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And so it happens to be oriented just so that the energy flash is shown to us, right?

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And so we can watch this thing. You can see that the intensity of the light increases and decreases.

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So that's what that thing is doing there. And so these things can rotate rapidly anywhere from a few seconds into milliseconds.

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And they've started talking about using pulsars that they've found that rotate extremely fast.

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And it's using them as timing devices, ultra fast clocks.

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Weird objects. Other strange objects inside the Milky Way galaxy was a thing called a fast radio burst in radio astronomy.

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So we haven't talked about this. There's different areas of the spectrum with astronomy, right?

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So optical astronomy is what you see optically visible, right? And that's what I am as an optical astronomer.

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There's radio astronomers, right? Because we're receiving all these radio waves from all these objects in the sky.

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And so radio astronomers use these big, huge, large telescopes because the wavelengths are a lot larger than the optical wavelengths.

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And they can map out objects in the sky with radio. And so this fast radio burst is a pulse ranging from just a fraction of a millisecond, okay, to an ultra fast radio burst that's, you know, that's an ultra fast radio burst, up to three seconds.

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So they're caused by some kind of high energy astrophysical process, not yet well understood.

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So as you go through here, you'll see, hey, you know, astronomers don't understand a lot of this stuff, do you? Like, no, there's still a lot of unknowns out there.

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So these things are called fast radio bursts. The other ones called this, this thing's a tabby star.

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And they still don't understand this thing. Now, this is about 1500 light years away, all right?

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We know how to gauge distances now. It's a 12th magnitude star, which you can't see with your naked eye because you can only see about six magnitudes down to the naked eye.

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But with a small telescope, probably, you know, Sting's telescope, you can probably pick up this star. And it dims randomly, anywhere from five to 22 % for days at a time.

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They don't know why, they're still trying to study it. And, you know, irregular fluctuations were detected in 2015.

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So it's not very long ago, right? Other objects, quasars, I always like quasars.

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Quasar is really a contraction of quasostella radiosource.

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These were first identified in the late 50s and early 60s as sources of high intensity radio emission.

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And when they first started detecting these things, they couldn't, optically, they couldn't find out what was going on. They couldn't see anything, okay?

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Finally, they got the telescope systems, you know, advanced enough to identify the images at visible wavelengths.

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And they resembled distinct starlight points of light. And it wasn't until we got, you know,

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Hubble telescope up there, that they found out that, oh, these things are actually, looks like quasars in the center of galaxies.

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And I remember as I was a kid, I used to watch this old show called The Outer Limits, you know, and there was this one show on there.

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The guy was talking about these quasars, and we, you know, source of energy, we have no clue about what they are or what they're doing, you know?

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So we know more about them now. But it puts out a tremendous amount of energy. Here's a black hole,

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I didn't know about this guy until I started putting this talk together, called Tang 618. And this is supposedly the size of the black hole, okay?

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So now I've got the solar system, right, inside of it, right? Remember, we went to the solar system. It's going to take you, what, 5 ,000 years of drive to Pluto, so it fits inside the solar system?

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Well, look at the size of this thing. So that supposedly is the size of this black hole. 10 .4

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billion light years away, okay? Long ways there, right? So again, they think this is, oh, they say it's a black hole that's producing a tremendous amount of energy.

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And you can actually, you know, if you've got a, you know, nice enough telescope system, you can pull up an images thing, because there's an image in the lower left down there taken by this thing called the

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Sloan Digital Sky Survey. And so they're not using super large telescopes.

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I mean, they're good -sized telescopes, but, you know, we can actually image that thing.

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So other black holes, it's inside the galaxy, okay?

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So now I'm going to, we're going to leave the galaxy, okay? We're going to go call the local group of galaxies, right?

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We talked about Andromeda. So Andromeda, M31. So now Messier found that guy before he found

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M87, right? So, you know, it's like, what, 2 .4 million light years away.

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And the lower left there is a sea star image of M31 that I took, again, from my backyard here in Phoenix.

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So that's 2 .4 million light years away. There's companion galaxies around that.

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M33 there is a spiral type galaxy. You can see right below that red line.

30:55

I haven't been able to image M33 yet. I really want to do that one. So there's other companion smaller galaxies around M31.

31:04

So this is what they call our local group of galaxies, right? All right.

31:09

So now we're going to move out a little bit further. Now we're doing the local group of, you know, super galaxies are actually what they're called.

31:19

So now we have this thing called the Virgo Supercluster, okay? So images on the right, we'll talk about those first.

31:29

So on the top one there, there's over 700 galaxies appear in this image of the

31:35

Virgo Cluster. So while those little dots there are galaxies, okay?

31:41

They're identified, they're not stars. They look like stars, but they're galaxies containing who knows how many stars each, right?

31:50

And then the bottom there is M81 and M82, which again,

31:58

Messier M81, Messier 82. So those are little blobs you could actually find with your smaller telescopes.

32:04

So that's a very nice image of both of those on the same image. So then if you go to the left, they were looking at that diagram of the

32:11

Virgo Supercluster, right? So the local galactic group, which we just got to talking about on the previous slides, they're red in the middle, right?

32:20

So that's our local group, Milky Way's in the middle of that. So now these are clusters of galaxies, okay?

32:27

And there's not a scale on here. We go out millions of light years away, there's clusters of galaxies, right?

32:33

So there's the big large blob there on the right, there's the Virgo Cluster, okay?

32:40

So this whole thing's called a Virgo Supercluster because the Virgo Cluster's in there, right? Upper right's a

32:47

Virgo 2 groupings, and then you have the Leo group to the bottom and it just goes on, all right.

32:54

So this is, you know, a grouping of super clusters.

33:03

All right, now we're going even further out if you can even imagine it, right?

33:09

So now we're looking at what they call, you know, a large scale structure of the universe.

33:16

So if we go map all these clusters of galaxies, not individual galaxies, but these clusters of galaxies and map it on the very largest scale we can with our largest telescope, we get something that looks like this.

33:32

So Milky Way, all the way back down there in the center, can't even see it, right? So there's the

33:37

Virgo Cluster, you know, that we just got through seeing on the previous slide. You know, that kind of structure kind of moves up to the upper right there, thing called

33:49

NGC 5419. That's a specific group of, I believe a specific group of galaxies over there.

33:58

NGC stands for New Galactic Catalog, okay? And sometimes the

34:04

Messier objects, I mean, they also have an NGC number, but you'll just see most of the time it's M something if they have that.

34:11

So looking around this thing, you know, toward the bottom is a Hydra Cluster, Cancer Cluster all the way down at the bottom.

34:17

The yellow areas, that little key to the right, are huge voids that we look out into space and we really don't find anything.

34:28

We don't find any stars, we don't find any galaxies, we don't find anything. Tremendous distances of just nothing but void.

34:37

Now I say that, you go back about 20 years,

34:42

I guess, when the Hubble Space Telescope, oh, there's a scale to top, 100 million light years.

34:49

Go back about 20 years, the Hubble Space Telescope, there was this void where they couldn't see any stars.

34:57

And I have this really old book somewhere in boxes around here somewhere. It was around the turn of the early 1900s.

35:04

It was an astronomy book and it talked about sections of the sky that were just void. There was nothing there, just black areas, right?

35:11

And so the guy who ran the, was responsible for the Hubble Space Telescope tasking and all that, he had some discretionary time, director discretionary time.

35:22

So they turned the Hubble Telescope to one of these void areas, right? And it's called the Hubble Deep Field.

35:28

So you can go and Google that after this. And they just imaged it for hours and hours. And they look at the image and then this area they thought was like void and nothing there, it was full of galaxies.

35:39

They were just all shocked. It's like, it's just things full of galaxies. So all these void areas, maybe there is a bunch of stuff there.

35:47

We just can't see it currently. So that thing's called a large -scale structure universe.

35:52

So here it is, you know, also these are some surveys done, mapping that out.

35:59

You can see kind of structures and stuff in there. And when they start talking about these tremendous distances, they jump from light years to red shifts because, you know, expanding universe, things further away, they're shifted toward the red end of the spectrum with spectroscopy.

36:21

So they'll use red shifts instead of light years a lot of times to describe the distances.

36:27

So if you look at the universe on a very large scale, this has this structure to it.

36:34

And it's got these void areas where it's just like nothing out there. So again, I mean, it's hard to even try to imagine something like that.

36:44

Right, I want to take just a second and go on a side note here.

36:49

So I'm not a professional astronomer. I've done, as Terry said, I was an engineer career and stuff like that.

36:56

I'm doing astronomy work now, I'm following some of the work I did earlier on my doctorate with some other astronomers and stuff.

37:03

And they take imageries of clusters and stuff. So this is a cluster I did a bunch of work on.

37:09

It's in Southern Hemisphere. It's called Omega Centauri. And it contains over 10 million stars.

37:17

Okay, so yeah, you know, you can see it. It's actually visible. It's at magnitude 3 .9.

37:22

So it is visible to the observers, you know, in the Southern Hemisphere. We can't see it up here. It's about 18 ,000 light years away, about 150 light years in diameter.

37:33

Okay, so what I do is I go in and I'm looking at some of these specific stars. So this is an image of a cluster that this telescope took that I get the imagery from.

37:43

So there's the target of the star I'm looking at. And it's behind this little bullseye right here.

37:50

It's a very faint star at the limit of our telescope. And if I take time series data on that and map it out,

37:57

I get this light curve like this. And so my interests are trying to determine how this light curve is changing in format and period over time, right?

38:07

And so what I like about it is that, I love the scripture Psalm 147, 4, which says he determines the number of the stars and calls them each by name.

38:21

So all these stars, I mean, there's what? Millions in this cluster we're looking at. All these stars,

38:27

God has named each one of those and he calls each one of them by name.

38:33

So each one of them, he says, unique creation. And so I just think it's just so cool to go off and study some of this creation like that.

38:43

How many stars are there out there? Here's some more estimates, 200 billion trillion stars.

38:49

One trillion, I think that's what that is. There's a one followed by 24 zeros and there they say, oh,

38:57

Milky Way contains more than 100 billion. But like I said, we've seen estimates up, before it was up to 400 billion, right?

39:05

Total, it could be 200 billion trillion stars in the universe. Again, can we even comprehend that?

39:14

I can't, that's approaching the national debt, right? Okay. Not even close.

39:23

Not even close, I know, it's pretty bad. Psalm 19 one, the heavens declare the glory of God, the skies proclaim the work of his hands.

39:32

I love that scripture too. Because when I look up there at the night sky, I just, that's what I see.

39:41

Okay, so now let's go on and talk about, okay, how all this came about, right?

39:46

You know, world has their view, we have ours, right? So secular world, scientific theories for how the universe came about.

39:57

And the top there, the Big Bang, we'll talk about that more in a minute. Some other ones,

40:04

Steady State Universe, you know, and there's reference points. We won't go through all the references because it'll be all night.

40:11

But Steady State Universe, actually, that was more popular than the Big Bang Theory when I was a little kid.

40:17

So what was that one? It's like, oh, well, you know, the universe is constantly expanding because back in the 60s, all the evidence they had was like, we have an expanding universe and we don't see it slowing down or beating up.

40:30

And so where does all the new stars and stuff come from? It's created out of nothing in the center and it expands outward.

40:38

But it's a steady, it's all steady states. It goes on forever and matter comes from nowhere.

40:47

And they say, and you believe in God? I'm like, you believe in that? Quantum fluctuation theories, another one where it's like that's down at the subatomic level.

40:57

Internal inflation. Some of these things I'll have to go off and research more, you know.

41:03

Internal inflation where, I'm not sure I understand that one. Cyclic models where they say the universe is expanding, collapsing back on itself.

41:13

Black hole mirage. Everything came from one central black hole.

41:19

I'm not sure how the black hole got there. Multiverse hypothesis. There's some out there that says, you know, we are just one of like a unlimited number of multiverses and universes and such.

41:34

Slows freeze theory. That one, it says the universe is expanding. There will be no end to it.

41:40

We'll expand off into forever and everything will, you know, slow down. All heat will dissipate and we'll just be down to zero.

41:52

You know, temperature Kelvin zero and sometime in the distant future or so.

41:58

All right, Big Bang. That's the most popular one, right? No, not the television show there, right?

42:04

Everybody's watched that, right? So Big Bang Theory. So that's all you hear, right?

42:10

Secular newspapers, popular press. That's all they talk about. Those guys at the top up there, right?

42:19

You know, Sagan over there on the right. It's funny, but I read this article. I'm always going back to when

42:24

I was a kid and you live long enough. Everything's in your past, right? Read an article about Carl Sagan and he was alive back then.

42:32

And he said something. This was like in Parade Magazine, Sunday papers. And he said, by observing the universe, he saw, has never seen any indication that of a creator

42:44

God. And I thought about when I read that, it's like, how can you say that? Everywhere I look,

42:49

I see the evidence of a creator of God. But he took the opposite position.

42:56

On the left over there is Neil Degassi. He's a guy now, he's got a television show. He's kind of, you know, he thinks he's,

43:03

I guess he's a follow on the Carl Sagan. I don't like him, I don't watch him. Lawrence Krass there in the middle.

43:10

He, this was a distinguished professor here, atheist at Arizona State here in Phoenix.

43:16

And I went back to look him up and said, oh, he was forced to retire a few years ago because of sexual complaints, you know, assault or whatever against him from multiple schools, not just ASU here.

43:34

So I thought that's really appropriate for a scientist, right? So that just kind of tells you the background.

43:42

So Big Bang, right? Most popular one. Universe is infinitely volume on very large scales.

43:50

Galaxies are distributed randomly, okay? So, and I want to underline this. So this is an unproven and unprovable assumption.

44:00

It's this cosmological principle that essentially states that the universe is homogeneous.

44:06

No matter where we look, it always looks the same. Isentropic, looks identical in which direction we look. And the laws of physics are everywhere.

44:12

So they base all this theory on something that's unprovable and you cannot prove it, okay?

44:19

But that goes around stating it as fact. And without these assumptions, this

44:25

Fremont solutions of general relativity are invalid.

44:31

So all these assumptions are based at the Big Bang. It's what the Big Bang cosmology is rest on.

44:39

So here's, these are just 10, top 10 scientific flaws with the

44:44

Big Bang. This thing called the horizon problem is something to do with, oh, the universe is not isentropic in all the different directions.

44:55

And it's just some complicated mathematical models. I don't really want to make my head hurt. Static universe models actually fit observational data better than expanding universe models.

45:08

I'm an observational astronomer, man. So I'm like, show me the data. Show me like that light curve.

45:13

I can see that. I can measure that, right? And so if you go look at observational data of the universe, the static universe models are kind of like the steady state models, but better than expanding models.

45:25

But wait a minute, that doesn't fit with the Big Bang. These next three I love, right? The Big Bang theory violates the first law of thermodynamics.

45:33

The first law of thermodynamics says, you got heat in a system and you cannot add or destroy energy out of that,

45:42

I believe, form of heat and stuff. And so the energy in a system is constrained and it's just fixed.

45:51

Second law of thermodynamics says that everything in the universe is going toward more randomness.

46:00

And they call that empathy. Empathy. And the measure that is greater than or equal to zero, which says everything's is either in a stable state or it's degrading.

46:13

That's a law of thermodynamics. That's not a theory, right? So, okay, so you take that theory. It's like, well, how does that jive with evolution?

46:21

And they try to get around all this stuff by saying, oh, well, you got an open system.

46:27

You got sun energy coming in from the outside, blah, blah, blah. But the universe itself violates that second law.

46:34

And this theory of inflation has to do with the Big Bang, violates Einstein's general theory of relativity, okay?

46:41

So right there, the Big Bang theory violates, you know, three principle laws, physical laws, not theories, physical laws.

46:50

So laws never been broken, right? That's why it's called a law, right? And then they have to come up with this thing called dark matter, dark energy, because they look at rotation of galaxies and stuff off in the distance.

47:02

It's like, well, that rotation doesn't make sense for the amount of matter they see in that galaxy. So something else might be going wrong.

47:08

Oh, then we have to come up with this thing called dark matter that compensates for that. Oh, and then we also have this other problem we call, we'll have to bring up something called dark energy.

47:17

Not that they have, Steve might be able to correct me, but there's no evidence I believe ever that there's anywhere of dark matter of our dark energy.

47:31

Galactic uniformity contradicts the fundamental aspects of Big Bang theory. The further we look out, we should be in Big Bang.

47:40

We should see that, the further you look back in time, it should be, the universe should look younger, but we don't.

47:48

And James Webb will talk about that in a second. Something called a flatness problem, magnetic monopole problem.

47:55

So there's all these problems with that theory, right? So there again, if you take actual observational data, and that actually describes a universe that is different.

48:10

Enormous amount of structure in all scales and galaxies and clusters, superclusters, we got through showing you all that, right?

48:16

And so here's some links. And I guess we provide this later, right? We don't want to hear it. So if we go to these links, which, you know, here's questions and answers and creation .com

48:28

with Creation Ministries International. And this other one here is evidence for expanding universe.

48:35

I think if this one clicks here, you know, they've got tons of data out here. So this is

48:40

CMI. This is a great ministry website. I love these guys. So here's, you know, definite evidence for an expanding universe.

48:50

So it goes through the details, and it's written by these really smart guys, and all kinds of references there at the bottom, right?

48:56

So, you know, people can try to argue with that, but it kind of gets hard at the time, right?

49:04

Okay, James Webb Telescope. You know, everybody's heard of Hubble. So James Webb Telescope's actually been up there now for a few years.

49:11

It's a follow on to Hubble. Hubble Telescope was mainly optical portions of the spectrum.

49:18

James Webb operates mainly in infrared, right? So it sees things that the optical Hubble cannot.

49:25

So they first launched this thing, and it's sitting out there at one of these things called the Lagrangian point, which is a stable orbital point between the sun and the earth and such.

49:35

And they put it way the heck out there because it's very stable and, you know, cold.

49:42

So it needs to be down cold because they're looking at very small heat sources. And this segmented mirror unfolded.

49:52

And, you know, when they're getting ready to launch this thing, of course, it was delayed forever, right? Like everything else is. They're getting ready to launch this thing.

49:59

I thought, you know, when they put up Hubble in orbit, you know, they had a problem with it. They had to send up a shuttle mission to repair it.

50:07

Well, they could get to it. Well, they couldn't get to Webb. And I thought, you know, big mechanical thing.

50:13

It may never work. Well, it does work. It's great. But then when they got James Webb, they thought, oh, we're going to be able to see.

50:21

We look all the way back toward the edge of the visible universe. We're looking way back in time.

50:28

At the beginning of times, we should see all these young galaxies, right? And when they looked at that and it's like, oh, they don't see that, right?

50:37

See right here, first bullet. According to the Big Bang, stellar galaxies should be far less than 1 billion years old, but that's not what they vow.

50:45

That was a big problem. They're like, oh, exploding supernovae are too young.

50:51

Galaxies larger than ours are newly created, which is not what the standard model expects.

50:58

Super galaxies have formed in short periods of time. And according to this other theory, the universe should collapse on itself to compensate for this magical dark matter.

51:08

Here we go, a dark energy you're invoked. Though neither has been found or can even be described.

51:13

And the universe looks to be flat disk, not curved. So they put up these new instruments.

51:20

I love it because they put up these new instruments and all these scientists think, you know, secular scientists, oh, we're going to see this.

51:26

And they look at it and go, oh, that's not what we see at all. Here's some quotes from the scientific community.

51:34

I just found some quotes here. This Dr. Ethan Siegel, I'm not sure who he is, but you know, talking about all these, it's not what we thought we would see.

51:46

Galaxy was bright, substantially brighter. You know, here's from the

51:51

University of Texas at Austin. They had a big astronomy program there and couldn't find a person who said this, but it's from the department.

51:59

Established theories, you know, however, James Webb is challenging the current models, you know, staying up in the upper right up here.

52:09

This conversation, this, I guess, is a paper. Earliest galaxies form amazingly faster at the big bangs.

52:19

They break the universe and change its age. This guy here from the University of Cambridge, you know, surprising findings from James Webb.

52:29

So just, you know, and then this next one here, here's a, you know, you can take, well, those guys just make comets, right?

52:37

You know, they can make off the cuff comets, right? But, you know, scientists are not really serious about, you know, James Webb and blah, blah, blah, you know, violating the big bang.

52:45

Well, here's a refereed paper, right? Published paper, found this back in 2018 from the

52:52

Monthly Gnosis of the Royal Astronomical Society. So this is a heavily peer -reviewed, top -notch scientific public, you know, our journal on astronomy.

53:05

And so observations contradict galaxy size and surface brightness predictions that are based on the expanding universe.

53:16

Interesting, huh? All right, so what about evidence for a created universe?

53:24

So here's links down here. This goes on forever. We're probably don't want to take, yeah, we're already into an hour, right?

53:34

So, but if I real quickly, you know, well, first of all, this guy here,

53:42

Dr. John Hart, he's in Australia. He writes a lot of these articles. He's with Creation International.

53:49

And he made a comment here, right? Which I thought was good. What I really find amusing is the way people from various other fields of science often quote the big bang as if it's set in stone.

54:04

Okay, links here, creation .com, right? Go back to this guy here, positive case for creation.

54:11

And so, you know, here's talking about different evidences for God, design and nature, you know, young age indicators.

54:22

This is more than just astronomy here. So that's one there. Here's a bunch of astronomy and astrophysics questions and answers, okay?

54:36

So this just goes on. Here's, you know, all these questions, right? Evidence for universes created, universes finally tuned, multiverse theory, right?

54:46

Talk about the nonsense of that. Universal brain, evidence for the origin of solar system.

54:52

Heavens declare a different story. Problems with the big bang, okay?

54:58

This is where I took some of that information. Secular scientists themselves blast a big bang, okay?

55:05

So here's a whole article, right? You know, and these guys are really good because they don't just throw something out there.

55:12

You go down, they reference all this stuff. Where's their references? It should be down here.

55:20

There's references to all this. I mean, they're very, very good about referencing all that, okay?

55:27

And this guy here has written multiple articles too. Extremely intelligent, right?

55:33

He's published more than a hundred papers, peer -reviewed scientific journals. So what about other creation scientists?

55:43

Well, you know, people say, ah, you know, you're creationist. You're not, well, you can't be a scientist. You know, only people that, you know, believe, you know, you gotta have some crutch or whatever, right?

55:54

Well, if you look in the past, Isaac Newton. That guy was a pretty smart guy, right?

55:59

I think he was considered one of the greatest scientists that, you know, ever lived. He was a creationist.

56:06

Johannes Kepler, he's the one who formulated the laws of planetary motion.

56:14

And they're called Kepler's laws of planetary motion. He first observed the planets moving around the solar system and figured out that, oh, you know what?

56:22

The earth is not the center of a solar system. It's actually the sun. And when he did that, all their complicated epicycle models and all that nonsense actually disappeared and actually made sense.

56:33

William Herschel, he was a big astronomer. He cataloged and, you know, positions of all these different objects in the sky, creationists.

56:44

And that's in the past. What about the present? Well, there, you know, some of y 'all know David Reeves and his miniatures.

56:51

There's Dr. Russ Humphreys with him. And I mentioned Russ in the last talk

56:56

I gave because, you know, he's a creationist, you know, scientist, a nuclear scientist,

57:01

I believe. And he made a prediction before those Voyager spacecraft flew past the outer planets out there about the magnetic field strength of those planets.

57:11

Because the secular scientists have all their models, right? And he's like, oh, we're going to see the field strength, you know, of these

57:18

Uranus and Jupiter or Uranus and Neptune being, you know, whatever amount, right? So Dr.

57:24

Humphreys said, well, you know, if we look at this from a creationist standpoint, if God started with forming everything out of water, what would that end up being?

57:33

And so he ended up with a different set of predictions for magnetic field strength for those outer planets.

57:40

And so this is before the Voyager spacecraft got out there, right? So when they get out there, it's like, oh, huh, who's correct?

57:47

Dr. Humphreys, not the secular scientists. Other scientists we have, Dr. Faulkner down there.

57:54

He's a, I think he's a retired astronomer from North Carolina University, somewhere in there.

58:01

Now he's with Atkinson Genesis. Dr. Jason Lyle, I think, as he's spoken to you guys before, super, super smart astrophysicist guy, not even in the league with these guys, you know.

58:14

Dr. Jonathan Safarty down there. He's with Creation Ministers International.

58:20

His articles, everything's solid. I think

58:25

I read something where he's like a chess master. He would go play like several different people chess games at the same time, you know, not just one person, he would take on several people.

58:36

So, all right. So what do we, should we conclude from this? What do

58:41

I want you to conclude from this, right? So, so here's these epicycles, right? So here's back, you know, back when they thought the earth was the center of the solar system, right?

58:51

So all the planets, they have retrograde motion. They observe that, right? So they try to figure out, well, what are the plants doing to show that motion?

58:59

So they had all these complicated cycles. So, you know, all these complicated models that resulted in wrong predictions.

59:08

So I'm saying just as the ancient astronomers came up with all these elaborate, complicated explanations to describe their planetary motions.

59:16

They had the wrong model. Modern astronomers are doing the same thing. They come up, this big bang theory has all these problems.

59:24

They try to patch it up all over the place. It gets more complicated, more complex, right? They just have a fundamental misunderstanding what's going on.

59:32

So what I'd like you to, you know, nothing else take away from this talk. Don't let anyone ever make you feel uneducated or ignorant because you believe in the creator,

59:41

God. There's just as much or more evidence for a created universe than an evolved one.

59:51

And let's see, is that, oh, additional scriptures I pull off that I like, you know, from Isaiah, from Psalms.

59:59

You know, I am the Lord, the maker of all things who stretches out the heavens. And then there again, he determines number of stars and calls them each by name.

01:00:10

Revelation, you know, you can receive glory and honor and power for you created all things.

01:00:18

More Psalms, Romans, everything has been clearly seen being understood from what has been made by him.

01:00:28

And then Colossians for in him, all things were created things in heaven and earth visible and invisible.

01:00:34

So I know, you know, there's Christians that, and I believe they're, you know, only

01:00:42

God knows a person's heart, but there's Christians, you know, that believe that in evolution at the universe and the big, you know, the big bang theory and all that.

01:00:51

So, you know, the way I try to talk to those people, you know, argue with them, whatever, just like, well, you know, try to go search out for yourself what the truth is.

01:01:00

So you get a person searching for the truth for themselves. They'll come to the right.

01:01:06

If they honestly are looking for the right conclusion. Here's some other creation websites. So these are the top level websites, answers in Genesis and having his organization, all kinds of stuff on astronomy there, this

01:01:21

Institute for Creation Research, which

01:01:26

I found that when I was out in San Diego, back in December for the Christmas party is where ICR actually originated from.

01:01:34

And we were happy to have you there. That was great being there. Yeah, it was great being there.

01:01:40

So that's where ICR originated from. Now they're in Dallas and then Creation Ministries International. Now they're just called creation .com.

01:01:47

They originated out of Australia. They have offices here in the States and they go about doing a lot of talks and stuff.

01:01:54

Other references, you know, like put on here, if you want to check them out later, with references for Jane Cliff Telescope.

01:02:01

And I guess that is it. Well, thank you.

01:02:06

That was very good. You're welcome. Am I stopped sharing or am I still sharing?

01:02:12

No, you have stopped sharing and that's fine. Okay. Okay. So we have some questions and comments.

01:02:22

I'm going to have to, yeah, I lost the word, but filter through.

01:02:30

Robin, did you want to say anything before I get started? Before you get started with the questions or?

01:02:37

Yeah. Okay. I did have a question on, you had some bullet points up there and I think it was

01:02:49

Jim asking the same thing, but how do they determine the age of a galaxy?

01:02:57

I mean, how do you send a telescope up in the sky and they're looking at it and they're like, oh, that galaxy looks like it's 7 ,000 years old.

01:03:05

That one looks like 10 ,000. Do you know how they figure that out? Yeah.

01:03:11

It's kind of based on a distance itself, you know, because, you know, when you're looking up there, since there's such humongous distances, right?

01:03:20

You're actually, you know, it takes light so many years to reach it. You're actually looking back in time. And so if you're looking at like the

01:03:28

Andromeda galaxy, you know, that's a 2 .4 million light years. You're actually seeing the light that left there 2 .4

01:03:36

million years ago. We know that's not correct. We know that everything out there is about 6 ,000 years old.

01:03:44

That's correct. So how do you mesh that together? Well, there's, and you've got some of those astronomer guys,

01:03:52

I think that, what was that guy

01:03:57

I just got to talk about? Anyway, some of the astronomers have been trying. You mean Russ Humphreys or Jason?

01:04:03

No, it wasn't Humphreys. It was, who was the other guy from North Carolina? See, I'm getting old. Sephardi?

01:04:17

Danny Faulkner. Okay. Oh, yeah. Yeah, yeah, yeah. So I think he was to help, you know, him when working with somebody else developing models for, how does, how does all that fit, right?

01:04:28

So, you know, look to say, well, God stretched out the heavens. When he first created the heavens, right? God stretched out the heaven.

01:04:35

And I need to go back and get some more on this myself. And because of that, it gives the, that takes care of this light travel problem, because that's called a light travel problem, right?

01:04:43

So if the universe is only 6 ,000 years old, how did starlight from 2 .4 million light years get here, right?

01:04:50

Well, it was created that way. That's what I think too. That was, yeah. Well, either, yeah, go ahead.

01:04:58

Just, I always hear, like, just before we started this call, I was listening to nobody, somebody saying that they saw that the universe was still only a couple million years old.

01:05:11

And then, but then they saw some other galaxy and then they thought it was less than 2 million years old.

01:05:17

And so I was just wondering, because what we know it's 6 ,000 years old. And I personally think that God created with the lights already there.

01:05:28

Yeah, yeah, see, they're all over the place. And that's what I was trying to emphasize with, you know, some of those slides there.

01:05:33

It's like, you know, their estimates are all over the place. You know, they don't really have a clue, right?

01:05:39

Of how everything came about. So, yeah, exactly. You know, these are smart people, right?

01:05:45

They're very, they're extremely intelligent people, right? So, you know, and they try to approach it from a scientific perspective.

01:05:51

And it's that, it's kind of like when I was saying, you know, the scientists, you know, if you went back hundreds of years, right?

01:06:01

Asked a leading scientist at that time, is the earth the center of the whole universe?

01:06:07

And they go, absolutely, right? Well, how do you know that? Well, look at our data and stuff, right? Well, they're totally wrong, right? And so just because a scientist, and that's what gets me about some of the stuff like, well, 97 % of the scientists agree.

01:06:21

I'm like, well, so what? You know, back then 99 % of the scientists agree, right? They were still wrong.

01:06:27

So just because you agree, doesn't mean it's correct. Consensus is not science. But Terry, are you ready?

01:06:37

So Bill would like to know, he says, we know the diameter of the Milky Way galaxy, but do we know the height of same?

01:06:46

Same. Then we know the volume. What units would we use for the volume of the

01:06:52

Milky Way? So what we know about the Milky Way, a lot of it is, you know, again, guesswork, because we look at the

01:07:01

Andromeda galaxy and we look at other galaxies. And so, oh, well, from what we can see from the Milky Way, it looks kind of like this portion of the galaxy.

01:07:08

So Milky Way must look like this, because we really can't see it because we're in the center, right? So the question was, how would we measure the volume of the galaxy itself?

01:07:17

I guess you'd measure it in cubic million light years or something, I guess.

01:07:22

Probably something like that. You're talking about the space that the whole galaxy would take up, right? Yes. So, yeah.

01:07:31

So he's saying, because we've measured the diameter, so he'd like to know if we've also measured the height, and then we could find the volume.

01:07:39

They think it's about 30 million light years deep. You know, it's like a spiral hub, right?

01:07:45

You know, there's a central part of it. It's spherical. And then there's the rotating disk, because it's rotating, right?

01:07:55

We look at images of other galaxies, you know, I mean, they're actually, I mean, you can see it looks like they're rotating, right?

01:08:02

So they were created, you know, with mature, just like Adam and Eve were created mature, right?

01:08:15

Okay. Now, Robin, you had put a question in that you asked, what was causing the

01:08:20

FRB? Did you still want to, is that still your question? That was a question I wanted to ask before, but I couldn't remember it.

01:08:27

Yeah. What is an FRB? Fast radio burst.

01:08:32

Yeah. I never heard of that before. Yeah. It's just one of those exotic type of things they found out there, right?

01:08:43

I don't think it has been discovered too many years ago, you know? You know what telescope that might have?

01:08:50

Maybe a radio telescope. Oh, radio telescope. Okay. Not like Chandra, the X -ray.

01:08:56

Okay. Thank you. Sure. You're welcome. So going back to the age,

01:09:02

I mean, obviously, we know what we know because we read the Bible. And so we have a consistent way of knowing how old things are.

01:09:11

But for these scientists who are kind of just, it seems to us like they're just making it up but they must have some kind of consistent way of determining the age.

01:09:23

And so Jim is asking some of them you refer to as newly created.

01:09:28

So do they really use the word created in the literature that you read? And then also -

01:09:34

Oh, you mean some of these other scientists? Yeah. And then like, because, you know, sometimes people who don't believe in creation use the word creatures, which obviously, we know what that means, even though it doesn't seem like they understand what they're saying.

01:09:51

But sometimes even they'll say, these are newly created. Maybe they mean newly formed, but how do they know that they're new?

01:10:01

What is telling them that they're, what is causing them to believe that? I guess that's the question. You're talking about now about back to like the age of the galaxies and stuff?

01:10:10

No, no, the newly formed or newly create like stars, things that they say it's newly created stars.

01:10:17

How do they know they're newly created stars? Because, you know, so this kind of goes back to what my talk was last time.

01:10:24

I was talking about, okay, how do we know that these stars are created, right? So they'll show you these, you know, images of these gas clouds and there's a star in there, right?

01:10:34

And like, oh, it's obvious, right? They'll say, oh, it's obvious the star is being created as we watch it, right?

01:10:39

And I'm looking at it going like, no, to me it looks like a gas cloud with a star shining through there, right?

01:10:45

You know what I mean? Prove me wrong, right? So I don't wanna say they grasp for straws a lot of times, but that's what it seems like, right?

01:10:55

Because they're so hard in their position that this, if the universe had to come about by a natural process, it cannot be a creator, right?

01:11:05

And so we can't even look at that, right? We gotta be blinded to it. And we're gonna do everything we can to contradict that.

01:11:15

So they, you know, so stars are formed, you know, stars are formed in these gas clouds because they're trying to figure out how this stuff came out.

01:11:24

It's like, oh, well, you know, universe is billions of years old. Stars are formed, right?

01:11:29

I mean, we've got stars all around us, right? So are stars actually formed? How did

01:11:35

God create the stars to begin with? Did he create them? Well, he created them in six days, or the fifth day, or whatever it was.

01:11:42

And, you know, these supernaturally, what's that? I think it was the fourth day.

01:11:47

Was it the fourth day? He made the stars also. Yeah, okay. And so did he create them out of these large gas clouds, you know,

01:11:57

I mean, he could, right? You know, but there's all kinds of problems with gas clouds collapsing on themselves.

01:12:04

You know, they can't really demonstrate that in a laboratory where can you get enough gas or whatever that collapses on itself that you can get a fusion reaction.

01:12:13

Well, that's what they say happens, right? But I think a lot of it, they just,

01:12:20

I hear so many different stories, but I'm sorry, Terry, keep going. I've filtered through all of the comments.

01:12:28

There's a lot of banter. So I think that there's only, oh, maybe a new question just popped up, but there's one that I'm pretty sure

01:12:36

Jeff was serious about, although he put some jokey things in there. So, but he asked, what is the flatness problem?

01:12:43

Does that sound like a legitimate question? Yeah, you had some bullet points up there,

01:12:50

Doug. Yeah, I probably should take that out so you won't ask about it, right? So the flatness problem I think has to do with,

01:12:58

I'm trying to remember now. I think it has to do with - The earth is flat? Well, the universe, if you look at the large scale, something that has to do with, it's not structured.

01:13:12

It goes back to that structure problem, right? It's too flat. Either it's not flat enough or it's too flat.

01:13:18

I probably need to go back and research that. I think it was how they were looking at it. Isn't that what, and you had some verbiage up about it, and I was trying to decipher it.

01:13:33

And it was, I think it's how they view it through that telescope that it looks,

01:13:40

I don't know either. I can't remember what you had up there. Also known as the oldness problem.

01:13:47

Oldness, yes. Because I took offense to the oldness. No, don't take offense.

01:13:55

Rob has a question. He's asking, have you heard any speculations about how the fall, like the fall of man, the curse, impacted the speed of light and other aspects of how old things are?

01:14:07

And then did the fall result in stars exploding? Okay, so part of that,

01:14:18

I've never read anything about the fall with stars exploding. So I'm not sure that's a connection there.

01:14:25

So the rest of it, the fall of infected, what was it now? Well, yeah, if it impacted the speed of light or anything else.

01:14:37

Oh, impacted the speed of light. No, I have no clue. No, I think that's more of an astrophysicist type thing than astronomer.

01:14:49

Because I think Jason has - Yeah, I'll pass that to Jason, yeah. Yeah, I think he's talked about that, how the speed of light is different depending on where you are.

01:15:03

And that time pass is different. His model is the anisotropic synchrony convention.

01:15:11

Yes. So Rob, I think that's something for Jason. Yeah.

01:15:18

An astrophysicist. We'll file that away for the next time. Okay, so Stephen would like to know what methods are used to find exoplanets?

01:15:31

Okay, so there's like... Yeah, I put this on the exam for my students. There's like a major way is to look for the dips in the light as it come up.

01:15:45

So I showed you that little gig there and show the light being flashed around.

01:15:50

Well, if you look at a parent star, I'll show it, and exoplanet trances in front of it, the light curve will actually show a little dip.

01:15:59

It actually blocks out a little bit of a starlight. You can actually measure that dip. So that's called detection.

01:16:09

What's that called? That's a detection method. Then they can look at it called radial velocity. They can actually look at the wobble of a star and measure its velocity, looking at the spectrum and stuff of a star.

01:16:22

So they can actually tell that there's a planet moving the gravity field of the star around.

01:16:28

So that's a radial velocity method. Direct imaging is what they actually look to see if the actual star and there's a planet around it.

01:16:36

They've done that for a few of them. It's really difficult because the planets are so dim compared to the parent star.

01:16:44

Usually the glare just overshines everything, but they have techniques with the systems. They can actually kind of block out the parent star and actually can see a direct image of a planet in the system itself.

01:16:57

So there's several different techniques that they use to find exoplanets. And there's a bunch of exoplanets.

01:17:02

There's a website. NASA has a website. But you can go out there now and you can look at all the exoplanets and the current count and where they are and all that good stuff.

01:17:12

All right. Very good. So that's going to be the end of our recorded live stream portion.

01:17:19

So I will mention one of the comments of the witty banter that's been going on is that this was a very stellar presentation.

01:17:30

Thank you so much, Doug, for that. And for our audience, you guys can visit tinyurl .com

01:17:37

forward slash CFSantee. C like creation, F like fellowship. Santee is spelled

01:17:43

S -A -N -T -E -E. And you can see a list of our upcoming speakers for some of the weeks to come here in 2025.

01:17:53

So be sure to check that out. And with that, we're going to go ahead and turn things off. Thank you again, Dr. Douglas Walker, for your presentation for us tonight.