Bill Morgan, Apologist. Could you build a dog Part 2

Awesome.

All right, Robin, are you ready?

I am in the go live.

So Bill, this is your time to share a joke.

Okay, I'm gonna share a screen first, okay?

Okay.

Wait, I don't know if I've given you permission. Let me make sure.

Nope.

I don't have permission.

You now have permission.

Let's see.

Okay.

Do you guys see that?

Yes.

Okay.

Just real quickly, up here in Garden Grove, we have a meeting the first Saturday of every month,

but it's a creation lesson, and creation tells us something I hope everybody knows every day.

You are important.

You are loved by God.

Creation speaks about that.

And one way that he shows his love is by his great creation of the dog, man's best friend.

Okay, before you get started, we are live now, so let me go ahead and do a little introduction just so

that everybody knows who we are and who you are.

Does that work out okay?

Yep.

Okay.

So I'm Terri Cameris.

I'm here with Creation Fellowship Santee.

We're a group of friends bound by our common agreement that the creation account, as told in Genesis, is a true

depiction of how God created the universe and all life from nothing in just six

days a few thousand years ago.

We've been meeting most Thursday nights here on Zoom since June of 2020.

In fact, our first speaker is here with us tonight.

We've been blessed with presentations by pastors, teachers, doctors, cartoonists, scientists, apologists,

and all around smarty pants people who love the Lord and have a message to share.

You can find most of our past videos by searching Creation Fellowship Santee, that's S -A -N -T

-E -E, on YouTube.

Follow us on our Creation Fellowship Santee Facebook page and sign up for our email list by

emailing creationfellowshipsantee at gmail .com so you don't miss any of our upcoming

speakers.

And like I said, tonight we have Bill Morgan back.

He's our friend from here in Southern California and he was our first speaker on our Zoom

fellowships and he also came back a few weeks ago to talk to us about the amazing

design features of the dog and that was Could You Build a Dog Part One.

So tonight he's here to share even more features about how the design of the dog points

to our creative God.

So Bill has been a mechanical engineer for 37 years.

His work included design work on nuclear submarines.

He was raised going to church but became an atheist when his biology teacher told him that we were

descendants of ape men.

He truly thought Christians were anti -science morons, sadly.

Science led him back to Christ.

He has debated over 40 atheists and he goes street witnessing three to four times a week telling lost

sheep about truth, love, peace, and eternal life and hope.

I missed that part.

That's important.

His YouTube channel can be found by searching Bill Morgan Channel and you can call him if you'd like

to talk to him at 714 -898 -8331.

So with that, we're happy to turn it over to you again, Bill.

Right.

Well, it's an honor and a blessing to have this time with you and my goal is for God

to be glorified and for you to learn more about dogs and to perhaps to use

them to evangelize.

And I will start with my joke and then I'll give you an evangelism tip.

A few years ago on Mars, the head Martian went to one of his employees and said, I'm gonna

send you to earth and I want you to study life on earth.

Study it extensively and come on back and report.

So his employee flew to earth and was very secret.

Nobody saw him, but he spied and he observed many things.

He observed people with dogs, people feeding dogs, people picking up dog do,

people grooming dogs.

And he returned and said, sir, it's a planet run by dogs.

Dogs are the kings and they have these two legged servants called people that do everything for them.

And that was his report and it's hard to contradict it, amen?

Anyways, we love taking care of our dogs.

Little dog witnessing tip.

About two weeks ago, I was speaking at a church and a woman was walking her dog.

And before I get to the tip, a little review from part one.

Every hair follicle on a dog has its own muscle,

oil gland and two blood vessels, a supply and a return.

I calculated in my dog that she has about 14 million hairs and a hair follicle could have

more than one hair.

But so my dog has approximately 14 million tiny muscles, oil

glands and 28 million little blood vessels just for her hair.

How in the world could an atheist even try to begin to explain that?

What a beautiful design by a beautiful God.

So this lady was walking her dog and I said, could I tell you an interesting fact about your dog?

And she said, sure.

I said, every hair on your dog has its own muscle.

Every hair follicle has its own muscle.

And I said, your dog probably has about 20 million.

She was amazed by that.

And I said, wow, isn't God great?

And then I asked her my favorite witnessing question.

And if you remember only one thing from this lesson, this would not be a bad thing to remember.

The best witnessing question to ask someone is, can I ask you a question?

People will always say yes, it seems.

Then here's the great witnessing question.

I asked this lady, what do you think will happen to you

after you die?

And I asked it with respect and kindness.

It's a great question for family, friends, and strangers.

And she says, I don't know, but I think about it all the time.

To summarize, I shared with her, what does the Bible teach on who goes to heaven?

She had no idea.

I said, we only go to heaven if we are forgiven.

And we're only forgiven if Jesus is our Lord.

That means our boss.

We need to do our best to treat Jesus as our boss.

And I asked her, would you like to pray right now to be forgiven and have Jesus as boss?

And she said, yes, and we prayed.

And I encouraged her, you have to read your Bible.

Try to read it every day so that we have a good relationship and knowledge of the boss.

So the dog hair is a good little introduction to talking about the greatness to God

and the need for him.

And once again, asking people politely, what do you think will happen to you after you die?

Opens up a great potential witness.

Any comments or questions on that?

Okay, we'll proceed.

Dogs, why do we love them so much?

There is a reason.

Question to the group.

If you have a dog or if you had a dog in the past, what are some of the reasons why you

love them?

They give you unconditional love.

Good answer.

And what else?

What are the reasons?

Because they're cute and funny to watch sometimes.

Yes, very good, very good.

Any more answers?

They bring the best out of you, I believe.

That's a very good answer.

Good, anything else?

Every time I read something in the Bible about how I think the

Lord wants us to be, when I had a dog, it was like he was the best example I

had of that kind of behavior.

Last month, we showed that dogs have all the fruits of the spirit.

Love, joy, peace, kindness, long suffering, self -control, they really are a

good example.

Anyone else wanna add?

They're loyal, very loyal.

Last month, we talked, they see you as part of their pack.

If you are in their pack, they will kill for you.

And it's a good thing to do, to have the dog and you in the same pack.

Anything else?

Well, one of you touched on my first set of slides.

And I love doing these lessons because it forces me to research things.

And I look at my dog differently every day because of this next set of slides.

One reason that humans love dogs, oh, and I told my kids this when they saw this picture.

I said, I'll never get a tattoo, but if I do, I might get this on my back.

Wouldn't that be a great tattoo on your back?

That dog, I'm not gonna get it.

Well, isn't that an emotional support dog that you've told just a few mini secrets to?

Well, I'm gonna quiz you.

My slides are available if anybody wants them.

And the kids love this next set of slides.

Well, one reason humans love dogs is they have the ability to make human expressions.

If you have a pet bird or a pet snake, that's wonderful.

But one nice thing about our dogs is they make human expressions.

And I look at my dog differently every day now because I see all the millions of expressions that they can make.

And I love it.

And the expressions can touch our hearts.

Can it not?

Look at, don't you have compassion for that dog?

So we're gonna play a game and everybody can participate.

We're gonna play the game of why does that dog have that expression?

Ready?

Let's do it.

Why does this dog have this expression?

Is it fear, food, or fun?

Shock.

You can shout out your answer.

Shock.

Fear.

Anyone else?

Food.

Food. Food.

Absolute.

Oh, sorry, what?

Fun.

It looks like he just swallowed something toxic.

It's food.

I could tell that Maverick had that look on his face.

Food, food, food.

Yeah, but when I scolded Frodo and Sonya because I was trying to figure out who did what, they had that kind of

look like, huh, not me.

That's the look of sin, is it not?

The dog knows what to do, but it's so tempting, amen?

I love it.

He is pondering his short -term versus long -term future, which sin does for us as well.

Okay.

What is this dog saying?

I'm mad and I'm ready to fight.

I'm ready to play.

Or what in the world is that?

I'm ready to play.

What is that?

Play.

What in the world?

What in the world?

I say play.

Play.

No, that's.

What in the world is that?

I'm ready to fight.

The cat is abusing it.

That cat better get out of there soon, or else it's gonna be in some trouble.

But what a beautiful expression, amen?

I'm scared, I'm going to attack, or I'm playing?

Play. Play.

I'm going with play again.

Playing.

Playing.

But once again, look at that expression.

Doesn't it really touch our hearts?

There are many faces they can make.

And there's design behind that.

We're gonna talk about the design.

Anyone else?

Yeah, I'd say fear.

Oh, fear.

Oh, that's funny.

That nice human is sticking a deer face right in it.

So that's fear.

Look at those expressions.

What's that expression telling you guys?

Stop it.

Stop it.

Na, na, na, na, na, na.

Stop it.

But maybe in the future, when you look at your dogs and remember this lesson and say, it's true, they can make so many

expressions that touch our hearts as humans.

Yeah, I could die.

I agree with that one.

Anything else?

It's an attack.

He is an attack against that little dog.

But I would like to give glory to God for designing the dog to communicate

through his expressions.

How else did God design dogs to communicate to us?

Anybody?

Marco, tail wagging.

You got it.

Very good.

The north end is the face.

The south end is the tail wagging.

Absolutely.

Dogs communicate to us through tail wagging.

Now there's many different things and you've probably seen it.

The speed of the wag, the pattern of movement

and how big the tail wag is.

Amen.

Does anybody care to share a little bit about dog tail wagging that you've seen in the past?

Well, when a dog is really happy, the tail goes really fast back and forth.

That's been my experience.

But my granddaughter was a Husky.

Sometimes their tail gives them away.

Like if you're trying, like our puppy will sometimes pretend like he's not caring.

And then as we get closer, like he's just frozen and like waiting, but his tail starts going.

So you know that.

Have you ever noticed they wag your tail like, am I okay?

Am I in trouble?

I hope I'm on your good side.

But God designed them to do that as well.

Okay.

If any of you want, I can email you this.

It's a fun little quiz.

I got it off the internet of the different positions of dog tails.

Does anybody want to comment on any of them?

Number three, I think is the easiest.

When it's down between their legs.

Yeah, it's submission and fear.

Exactly, exactly.

Go ahead.

Anybody can comment on any letter you want.

Number one means he's the top dog, but I don't see that as a choice.

Okay.

They're very happy usually, or they're secure.

They're feeling good.

Okay.

And again, if you want me to email it, I can, and you can take the quiz, but according to the website that I

saw, and there it is, how to interpret your dog tail legs.

He's on the alert.

The second one is like, he's checking you out.

He's not too sure.

And I never knew this, but according to this website, sometimes they wag it in only one direction.

I have never noticed that, but it's what they said.

All right.

So dogs communicate to us many ways.

And since they're called man's best friend, we communicate with our friends, right?

Okay, I need a volunteer.

Who would like to volunteer?

What do you have to do?

You have to go and analyze these dogs.

Okay.

What are the expressions that these dogs are conveying?

And what part of their body is doing a lot of the communicating?

Well, A is like, hey, what are you doing?

I see you.

And then B is, I didn't really eat that roll of toilet paper.

And three is like, hey, come back.

Yeah.

Look how wet he is too.

Like he had a lot of fun.

Now their ears communicate to us as well, right?

Alert, sad.

Incredible how God, I think, has designed dogs to communicate to people.

So we'll talk about ear design in a little bit, but ears communicate.

Amen.

Anybody care to share about that?

He looks sick.

I think he's at the veterinarian and scared to death.

You see the leash?

And last week we spoke about pheromones, where the dog can sense fear

or panic.

And they sense that, and they don't like the vet because of their pheromone sensing.

But they're there to help you, dog.

It was funny, ears back can mean complete affection or big fear.

But by the rest of their face, we can see what they're communicating to us.

Trivia time.

At the airport, and this is documented, do the security people prefer

to use dogs with pointed ears or floppy ears?

I'll guess pointed.

Okay, we got a vote for floppy.

Any other votes?

Pointed.

I'm thinking pointed because they could stand up.

It's easier to read their ears if they're pointy.

Okay.

Pointed.

Those are good guesses.

Anything else?

Anyone else?

Pointed.

I think pointed because German Shepherds are used a lot.

Well, the answer is they try to get floppy eared dogs because they're less scary to

children.

Which dog do you feel a little bit more comfortable around, that floppy eared one or the other one?

And they're both very skilled at their jobs, but they're going towards the floppy ear because kids flip out

with the pointed ear dogs.

Well, last is cuter.

This next set of slides, it's just marvelous glory to God.

And we can be comforted that creation confirms that there is an amazing God.

How many different muscle groups are designed just to control the dog's ear?

And by groups, it's like sets of muscles.

And if it's confusing, I apologize, but how many

would you say?

10.

I'm gonna take a deep breath because I'm just so humbled by this.

When I came across these slides, we have layers of muscles, almost like

pancakes.

There's so many muscles packed in.

We'll just talk about the dog here.

This is only one layer of muscles of the dog.

And there's 10 different sets of muscles for the dog to move the ear.

Can you guys see that fairly clearly on your screen?

Yes.

Now, suppose the theory of evolution were true.

Which muscle evolved first?

Which muscle evolved second?

Did the muscles or the nerves evolve first?

What about the circulatory system?

How long would those muscles last without a circulatory system?

How did the blood tie into the muscle?

There's a million questions that just show the foolishness of time and chance.

Any comments?

I have a comment.

It's hard to answer that question when you say, say, if evolution was true, which one would have evolved

first?

Because it's so obvious, the irreducible complexity that it

couldn't have happened that way.

Yes, absolutely.

No possible chance.

You don't have to be a genius.

All you need to do is have an IQ of about 30 to recognize that's a beautiful design.

But a lot of people deny it because they're either emotionally mad at God, they don't want to

listen to God, or they've been simply brainwashed into thinking it's a ridiculous belief.

But an open -minded person with no bias would see that as a design.

Now, how many people in this group would admit that you couldn't even draw this picture?

There's no way I could draw that.

No way.

No, I couldn't.

Maybe that's not allowed.

Yeah, I'm very sure.

No.

But we couldn't even draw it.

What did God do?

He made it and formed it.

I love this little tidbit.

Every design, what's the very first thing that comes up before something's actually a design?

A thought.

The thought, the thought.

I love your answer.

God thought of all these muscles.

Then he designed it, and then he built it.

What a great God.

All of these muscles that we see was in the mind of our great God.

Any comments on that?

I would love to hear comments on, God had to have the idea for these muscles before he could design it.

Makes me think of 3D puzzles, like almost like Lego projects, but

they make like 3D puzzles, not just jigsaw flat puzzles, but three

-dimensional puzzles.

And so like you asked, if we can draw it, we can't even draw it, let alone like

then to make a puzzle of it, but he made it 3D.

Amen.

And that little dog started out as a fertilized egg, one cell, with the

information to make every muscle that you see in this picture.

Information cannot arise by chance, there has to be a brain, an information source.

Is God glorified with ear muscles on dogs?

Amen.

Humans, could we design this and build this?

No, we can barely build the picture, make the picture.

So just a little ear muscles on dogs destroys atheism and the theory of evolution.

Look at that, that beautiful dog.

Anybody know the breed?

Weimaraner.

Weimaraner?

Yeah, we used to have one, what a high energy, beautiful dog.

But just studying every part of your dog glorifies God.

And if you have any pet, I encourage you to just study it, just look at it, with no radio, no TV on,

just focus on any part of your pet.

And God had to think about it before he could design it and then build it.

He is worthy of glory in our pets.

Who would like to read that verse?

Go.

I nominate Rachel.

Thank you, Rachel.

Okay, Lord, you are my God.

I will exalt you and praise your name for in perfect faithfulness, you have done wonderful things,

things planned long ago.

Isaiah 25, one.

Is anybody else just blown away by the thought that God had to think it before he could design it?

Does anybody want to just share a thought or two on that?

Well, it's even more impressive when you think of how quickly it happened.

I mean, I guess we don't know how long he was thinking of it before he made it, but we know how quickly he

made it.

Mm -hmm.

But just to get the veins in the back of your hand, God had to think of the diameter, the wall

material, the direction, the support.

That may have been the funnest part about it.

Don't you just ever just sit and think about things that you would like to build or design?

I do.

I love my job as an engineer.

It is so much fun to try to come up with the best way.

I'm an engineer.

Oh, great.

Great.

Which person is?

Robin.

Nice.

Isn't it a delight when it works?

Yeah.

And when it doesn't work, we find someone else to blame, amen?

Exactly.

Another volunteer needed.

Terry, could you pick another volunteer?

I choose June this time.

Thank you, June, for volunteering.

Okay.

This is a repeat from last week, but I think it bears repeating.

Suppose you were placed in charge of an important project.

You could hire everybody, 8 billion people working on your project.

Unlimited funding, June.

Every laboratory's gonna work for you.

Could you and every person on the earth design and build a living dog?

No way.

I can build a robot dog, though.

Well, I have a view that we would like to think we could, but we would fail

if we tried.

Because first of all, you have to think of how you're going to design the ear.

And there would be the failure right there after listening to you.

Amen.

Amen.

We can't even design one atom.

How are we gonna design a dog, right?

But isn't it tragic that our schools only teach time, nature, and chance,

and so many millions of innocent students believe their teacher and they go on to their next class?

Absolute disaster and travesty.

And robbing God of his glory and robbing kids of hope, peace, and joy.

God doesn't make things, God makes systems.

Now, I'm not picking on the term irreducible complexity, but to me, that simply means a

system.

Like, your laptop is a system.

It's got keys, it's got wires, it's got a screen.

What is the most important part of a laptop?

And it's a trick question.

They're all important, correct?

And it works.

I ask my son, I go, what on our dog did God design that it doesn't need?

Does it need the fur, the eyes, the ears, the mouth, the muscles?

Everything.

So a system is a bunch of components that all work together to keep us alive.

Dogs are a system.

And June, what does your last name begin with?

M.

You have to design, hey, the muscles, what a coincidence.

If we gave you a break, you don't have to design the whole dog, just design the muscles.

Think you could do it?

No, because I would need something to feed the muscles, like

blood, and I would need an oxygen system in order to give them, put oxygen in

the blood to feed the muscle.

It would take all kinds of systems to make them work.

Yep, you'd have to work with all the other departments to make it work.

Yep.

And sadly, once again, our schools are teaching time, nature, and chance made the dog.

Pardon me?

I said, that's sad.

That they would do that.

It is, it's ruining kids' lives.

Ruining our country.

Because I meet these kids, I go witnessing, and they're miserable.

And not to digress, sometimes I'll ask somebody, I'll ask you guys, and you can answer if you want.

But how do you deal with the pain?

Pain of what?

Life, the pains that life gives.

Say the emotional pain, the stress, the worry, the fears.

Cry.

Pray.

Pray, prayer, yeah.

Ask a typical teenager that question, and they say, oh, I play music.

I hang out with friends.

I just suffer a little bit.

These poor kids don't have the God option where we can rely on God to help us to

get through the pain as we walk through the valley of the shadow of death, right?

But these guys are all on their own and just lost.

They need God, and they're not being presented the God option.

Tribute time.

On which day of creation did God make dogs?

Five.

Day six.

Six.

Land animal, land animal.

Answer is day six.

Science class.

Hey, class, how do you think dogs originated?

Well, Ken Ham Jr. is in this class.

Does Ken Ham have kids?

Do you guys know?

Yes, in fact, one of them is married to Bodie Hodge.

Wow, okay, I never knew that.

One of his daughters.

Yeah, he has a bunch of grandkids too.

Oh, good, good, good.

You know, I get his newsletter.

I've never really noticed.

So anyways, this lady asked, how do you think dogs originated?

One student says, oh, I think God designed two dogs, one male and one female.

What do you think the response of the other kids might be?

Shaming?

Yeah, they might say, oh, come on, don't bring that religious, ha ha ha.

So the teacher might say, really?

Do you think all dogs we have today came from two dogs, which is taught in the Garden of Eden

and the Noah's Ark teaching and the kids laugh along?

Absolutely.

Two reasons to believe it started as two dogs.

The Bible teaches it and genetics confirms it.

Okay, here's a man from the University of Pennsylvania.

This is his quote.

Nowadays, based on a growing body of anatomical, genetic and behavioral evidence, most

experts believe that the dog originated exclusively from a single species, the

gray wolf Canis lupus.

So he's not touching on origin or religion one way or the other, he's just talking about

anatomy, genetics and behavior that they came from two, a male and a female

Canis.

Terry, could you volunteer someone to read this, please?

Terry?

I volunteer Jeff, the geologist.

Oh, I was gonna say, for I am not ashamed of the gospel, for it is the power of God unto

salvation to those who believe, Romans 116.

Yes, genetics and biochemistry glorify God and the Bible.

We don't need to be ashamed.

Now, why did the first two dogs have to start out as adults?

So they could have babies?

Because puppies are helpless.

Somebody's gotta feed them, right?

Ah, yes.

My dad was a very intelligent man.

He never went to college, went to World War II and then went to work.

He would say things out of the blue that I just loved.

We were coming back from golfing and out of the blue, my dad said, son, Adam and Eve had to be adults.

And I knew something good was coming.

I said, why dad?

He said, because babies are helpless.

Sometimes when I witnessed, I asked people, could you imagine if God created a one day old baby boy and a one day

old baby girl as the first humans?

What would your comments be about that?

It would have ended there.

Exactly, they can't even lift their heads.

It makes so much sense that a great God made a male and female adult of whales and bears and

dogs and people.

Any comments on that?

Okay, true or false?

Dogs are born with teeth.

I don't know, that's a good question.

Baby teeth, little tiny baby teeth.

They're real sharp.

Anyone else?

Yeah, because when you're on puppies, they nip at you and it hurts.

I'm gonna say no, because nobody has said no yet.

And the winner is Terry.

They are not born with teeth.

Why did the creator of the heavens and the earth not give teeth to baby puppies?

I'm gonna guess for the same reason human babies don't have them, because when they nurse, it would hurt their mom.

Absolutely.

Could you imagine this poor mom, if she had nine little aggressive puppies with

teeth touching one of the most sensitive parts of her body?

I truly believe they're not born with teeth for this very reason.

Any comments on that?

Praise the Lord.

Of course.

God thought of everything, did he not?

Let's rely on him more and more.

Terry, could you have someone read this one, please?

How about Snides?

Are you still with us?

Going once.

Oh, there we go.

Unto the Lord, the glory do his name.

Amen.

It is due to him.

Look at that dog.

What a beauty.

Cuteness is designed.

Oops, I'm sorry.

Wow.

Oh, I'm sorry.

Do they have baby teeth?

They're not born with teeth, but then they get baby teeth.

Yes.

And this poor dog has a problem, but it sure demonstrates the baby teeth.

Again, this dog's having problems because the teeth didn't fall out, but they are sharp.

Are they not, everybody?

Someone mentioned that earlier.

Everybody's baby teeth are sharp.

Yeah.

But he's not nursing anymore, so the mom couldn't care less.

Which teeth are my dog's teeth and which teeth were my daughter's teeth?

Hopefully the bottom one is your daughter's.

I asked the Lord, why couldn't my daughter have straight teeth like that and save me $3 ,500?

Look at the perfect design though of the dog's teeth, how they fit.

Just absolutely perfect to the millimeter.

Amen. Amen.

I have three children.

They all needed braces, but my dogs have always had perfect teeth.

So sadly, some people, it's not the majority, debate on the origin

of dogs.

And to me, the Bible and genetics teaches there's no heated debate.

This is very deep science.

Dogs can only make what?

Dogs.

Dogs.

Are all dogs related to each other?

Yes or no?

Yes.

Yeah.

Absolutely.

But a depressing thing is so many people are scared to admit it.

When I was researching this lesson, I came across a bunch of brilliant scientists like this man who quoted

earlier, and I sent them a letter like this.

He never replied.

Nobody, oh, one person replied and said, it's interesting what you said.

And that was about it.

I'm an engineer.

This is what my email was.

I love science and I love dogs.

I saw your quote about all dogs coming from a single species.

I asked these people on the internet that are dog experts.

I think it's a shame that people in science are terrified to say that animals

originated from a single species with the potential to make a lot of variation.

The original animal appears to be the result of design.

Students can seek out on their own who the designer is.

And I asked them for their comment.

No one replied.

I really feel the universities are filled with a lot of people who love God and believe in creation,

but they're terrified.

They're scared to death to even mention it.

Any comments on that?

That makes sense though, because there's a lot of peer pressure.

Yeah, it's absolutely, because people are losing their jobs now for,

you know, the truth.

And these people are studying, their jaw has to drop at the complexity, but the

haters of God have scared them to death.

And Romans 1 20 tells us it.

Yes, yes, yes.

So this cool girl says, hey, look, you can breed dogs.

That's evidence of evolution.

End of story.

Is it, can dogs be bred?

How would that have anything to do with evolution?

That's an actual physical act.

Dogs make dogs.

Yep.

Dogs make dogs.

These are the straws that they grasp.

Go ahead.

I'm sorry, what?

You can breed different traits out, but you're not making it better.

You're making it limited.

Right.

You're making it a chihuahua.

Yeah.

Yeah.

A yuppie dog.

You're making it more dependent on humans because you're taking out its

natural ability to live in the wild.

Somebody told me when I taught a lesson years ago, they went to a place in Mexico where all the dogs were wild.

Did he see any poodles, pugs,

chihuahuas?

No, they were all gnarly looking pit bull type dogs.

So we do breed survival traits out of them.

And I never knew this really until I did this lesson.

What is the definition of a breed?

Does anybody want to take a guess?

And I'm not holier than thou.

I didn't know until I did the lesson.

Could it be a kind?

Good answer.

It's a man -made definition.

I think when there's enough recognizable

traits that have been bred into a specific variety.

Very good.

Very good.

The American Kennel Club would agree with you.

A purebred will breed true.

That means two Rottweilers are purebreds if they always produce dogs

recognizable as Rottweilers.

So what you've almost done is bred out all the variation that the dog could

have.

It's almost like a dead end.

So it's a human definition.

Is it evidence that evolution is true?

No.

Be careful.

Yeah, like what Joyce said, it's the opposite.

Because you've bred out, you've chosen traits that

might be favorable to certain circumstances, but not to the dog's innate ability to survive in the wild.

Very good.

Well, the word evolution means, if someone were to ask you, is dog

breeding evidence of evolution?

I would not say yes or no.

I would ask them, what do you mean when you say evolution?

Because the word evolution means what?

One word definition.

Change.

Change.

Is it a change to go from a wolf ancestor to a little lapdog and a huge Irish wolf

hound?

Yes.

Yes.

God created the original wolves to have all this variation and that's a change,

but there's still what?

Dogs.

Exactly.

Very good.

So you see that?

So a hater of God could say, hey, it's a change.

Therefore dogs are related to bacteria.

We say, no, you silly boy.

Dogs are only related to dogs.

This could be called microevolution, where these dogs might have all the variation bred out of

them and that's all they can make.

And it's actually harmful.

So dog breeding is evidence that you can get varieties of dogs.

Dog breeding is not evidence that dogs are related to bacteria.

Yeah.

Any comments on that?

Any comments, any questions?

We do have some questions that we're saving for the end.

Okay.

Unless I hear you talk about something that's related to it, then I'll bring it up, but we have a little bank going of

questions for the end.

Good, okay.

So this would be called macroevolution.

Macro means big.

That means bacteria is the ancestor to a whale.

Microevolution, you can breed dogs, which is God's wisdom.

This is a fun trivia question.

How many breeds of dogs exist?

And once again, I had no idea until I did this lesson.

So there's no shame.

Lots.

That's true. I'm gonna guess.

How many?

212.

Wow, that's pretty good.

According to the American Kennel Club, there's 197.

According to other clubs, there's 400.

I think there's a little politics and money involved.

Hey, name this one a new breed.

Well, I'm not too sure.

Could we make a donation?

Okay, it's a new breed.

Again, it's only a human definition because of the traits, but there's many.

That's an example of about 100.

But a breed is not a species.

It just has to do with the traits because all of those dogs could interbreed with each other.

They're the same species.

Okay, here's a question I would like an answer to.

Why did God create those original wolves with so much genetic potential for

variety?

Because he knew what we would wanna do with them?

Good answer. Maybe he likes chihuahuas.

I heard someone else saying something, what?

Maybe he likes chihuahuas.

I think he loves everything.

Maybe just for our pleasure so we would enjoy the variety.

Okay.

Because God is creative.

And would there be a practical reason too that dogs have so much variation?

Survival.

Yes, could you expand on that?

Well, when they were created, they were created in a spot, a place, but then they

moved out of that place into the known world that we have today

with all of its climate and everything.

And so they had to be able to adapt.

And so it's adaptability.

That would have a view on their survival.

That's how I see it.

Yeah.

Good.

Any more comments?

Natural selection is something that glorifies God but has been

stolen by the atheists.

Just like that man's example.

Imagine you had two dogs, a furry dog and a hairless dog, and you took them to

Alaska in the summertime and you forgot them.

So they fall in love and get married during the summer and they make a variety of

offspring, some furry, some hairless.

Winter comes to Alaska, what's gonna happen?

Oh boy.

The hairless dogs are gonna say, my goodness, it's cold and freeze and die.

But the furry dogs, they have the traits to survive that environment.

They reproduce, they make mostly furry dogs, but they have the potential to make a

hairless dog but the next winter is gonna take care of that beautiful dog and he dies.

In a short amount of time, the only two or the only ancestors from that original two in

Alaska are gonna be what type of dog?

Furry.

Furry.

Suppose those two dogs were left in a very hot desert, which trait

would survive?

Hairless.

The hairless one.

The hairless dog.

Yeah, but they might race to death.

Yes, yes.

True.

But I believe God created variation because of all the different climates on the planet.

The population will keep going if there's variation in it.

Does that make sense?

That makes a lot of sense, Bill.

Isn't God great?

Here's a fun thing I came across.

Some dogs in the wild are very ferocious.

But the dogs we have in our house are sweethearts.

Why is that?

Training.

Okay.

Is it something to do with the pack mentality?

Oh, good answer.

Our dogs are domesticated.

Okay.

And so they're dependent on people and somehow they understand that.

Like, oh yeah, food.

Yes, they're smart, right?

That's it.

Well, I read this on the internet and I liked it.

Suppose I had a terrible dog that bit everybody, growled, and chewed up the furniture.

Would I say, hey, Terry, you gotta get a dog like this.

They're great.

Or would I spread the word, this dog's a disaster.

You don't want it in your home.

It depends on if we're friends that day or not, I guess, Bill.

Good answer.

Well, previously we talked about natural selection.

This is artificial selection.

People bring dogs into their house and they realize which ones are good,

which ones are bad.

And after a while you've realized Labrador retrievers are a beautiful thing in your house,

but a coyote is not something you wanna keep in your house.

You get it?

So nature often selects, but then again, people often select.

Does that make sense?

Any comments on that?

I have a quick comment.

My neighbor has the cutest little black lab.

It's a little girl.

Her name is Daisy Bell.

I really like her.

And now you can enjoy all the expressions on Daisy, right?

Yes, and I don't have to be responsible for her.

I can just enjoy the expressions.

You know, if you offered to take her for walks, the owners would probably be happy to let you do that.

You can have a little fun.

That's a good idea.

Oh, you do?

Oh no, that's a good idea.

Yeah.

Does that look like a design or the product of nature and chance to you?

Design.

Beautiful, beautiful design.

Chemically speaking, are dog teeth and human teeth similar or different?

Similar.

They're different, I think.

I was very surprised to learn that they're similar.

That our enamel, I always thought dogs had super enamel, the way they crunch, but it's about the same.

And that's surprising.

But their teeth are designed for what they need to do.

And you notice things on your dogs.

Like if my dog's trying to get something off its dinner plate, it'll use those incisors.

They know, they've never seen them, but they know they're there.

These dogs, a lot of times these are called fangs, but do you know what the proper name is?

Do you know?

Yeah, canine teeth.

Very, very good, canines, for tearing and grabbing.

And look at this one tooth right next to the canine.

Look how little it is.

It's almost like just there so the bone won't hit the gum, you know, to protect it from the pain.

But those little molars, oops, I'm sorry.

Premolars, they shred and they chew.

Look how they're all different sizes.

And then you have the molars.

My son calls these the mountain teeth, where they can crush.

But I would enjoy it if somebody could reflect on these teeth and comment on how it glorifies God.

Is that for crushing bones?

Yeah, oh yeah.

Yeah, my dog eats bones.

She crushes them and they're gone.

Anybody want to comment on God's design of dog teeth?

I think it's interesting that our dogs have been able to

learn how to, when it's okay to use their teeth for food, but then

like when they're biting, you know, playing with us, they know how to be soft and gentle and they'll

still bite, but they'll do it gently.

So God's given them that ability to distinguish.

That's the voice of experience because they get out of control and rough, but they still don't bite too hard.

Very, very good point.

Then they can pick up their puppies or they can crush a bone.

Anything else anybody want to share?

I say to my son that our dog does not only represent herself, she represents other

dogs too, right?

Like, oh man, dogs kill, they bite your fingers off.

But what a great reputation of safety dogs have, amen?

I don't trust dogs I don't know though.

And even dogs that I know I don't trust.

I had a grand dog and my daughter had two babies and I would never leave the baby

alone with the dog.

And one time I saw Maverick grab one of the granddaughter's arms.

And I was like, what?

But he didn't bite down, he just moved her hand.

She was pulling on his tail.

And so she just, he grabbed her arm and just moved it.

And I trusted him a little more after that.

Robin, did you see our meeting last month?

I was there, I'm the organizer, but I had a problem.

So I missed a lot of it, but I heard it was very good.

Oh, well, do you remember?

I don't know if you saw the part, if a child is walking down the street, the

dog will always locate himself where?

If they're going for a family walk.

I don't know.

Between the street and the child.

Oh, that's interesting.

Next time you're out on the street and you see a family with a dog and a child, check it out.

They're protecting their pack.

I think they enjoy it.

Look at it, like fingers in a glove, a beautiful mix.

Can't we all delight in the Lord by looking at his creation, everybody?

Yes.

Okay, first person to answer gets five creation points, go.

Saliva.

Ding, ding, ding, very good.

Who said that?

June did.

I have five points now.

Saliva is an incredibly complex chemical, a lubricant for the food, for the

mouth, can break down carbohydrates.

It's got cleaning agents, fights infection, electrolytes to start digestion,

beautiful design.

Praise the Lord, right?

Praise the Lord.

And I wanna say, like, I've known that before, that dogs' saliva has

like antibiotic kind of, you know, that it fights infections and stuff.

But knowing that and then watching a dog eat something like some

poop or something doesn't change.

Like, even though I know that they have like really good saliva, I still don't want them licking me.

I know where that tongue's been.

I respect that.

One thing I learned in my research is that dog's saliva breaks down sugar better to

prevent cavities better than human saliva.

So that's kind of good for the dog, a bummer for us, amen?

Amen.

So salivary glands are not really that complex, you creation people.

It could have happened over chance over millions of years.

Right?

No.

No.

This is a kitty drawing.

The dogs have four different salivary glands and they all do a different liquid.

They all produce a different liquid.

Unbelievable.

Ta -da!

Here's a professional drawing.

Could you guys just study that, meditate, and share what's going through your mind?

I have a question about the saliva.

Knowing how all of those features of it and how amazing it is,

are scientists using it for things like?

I do not have an answer to that.

I have not heard of it.

Does anybody else have any idea?

No.

And also on a related note, June wants to know if cats have similar saliva to dogs.

You know what?

I have no idea.

It always seems that the cats have a very dry mouth and I'm not a cat expert at all.

Do any cat experts have any opinion on cat saliva?

It always seems like their tongue is as dry as sandpaper.

Any comments on that?

I don't have an answer.

Thank you.

Cats have saliva.

It's a, my problem, my cat,

this, as far as the antibiotic part, I'm not entirely convinced because when my cat bit me a few years ago, I

got infected.

So I, my understanding is that getting bit by a cat is almost worse than getting bit by a

dog.

Wow.

I didn't know that.

I did not know that either.

Oh.

The reason the cat's tongue seems like sandpaper, it's designed that way because

it's like a brush.

It's how they groom themselves.

That's why when you see after a cat, you know, grooms its fur.

It's like straight lines.

Like if you vacuum a carpet.

Wow. Yeah.

God's design.

What we could do for fun later is Google electron microscope image of a cat tongue.

I bet it would be incredible.

Probably all these little spikes on it.

But thank you for sharing that.

And again, I'd love participation.

Once again, we couldn't even draw that.

God thought it and then spoke it into existence.

And it's just a beautiful economy of space. Isn't it?

It fits in there so nice.

I wish God could organize my attic for me.

Very smart dog there.

Okay, Terry, volunteer, please.

Okay, Jim.

Jim Tefford, I volunteer you.

Oh my.

Okay, would you like me to read this?

I will extol the Lord at all times.

His praise will always be on my lips.

Psalm 34 one.

Amen.

That's what we need to do.

All times.

Look at that tongue.

Designer chance.

Oh.

Looks like a piss dog.

Okay, have you guys ever thought this?

My son and I have a lot of fun.

We ask our dog, why are you sleeping all the time?

But how can it sleep all the time?

Could you guys sleep 23 hours a day?

Lately, yes.

But that's because of some medication.

I'm sorry to hear that.

And I think we've seen this before because I think I remember telling you they're not sleeping, they're

refueling.

I don't know if it was last month or if it was when you came last year because we touched on dogs a little bit last year.

Okay, hopefully it's new.

They don't get into as deep a sleep as we do.

Like we get deep into a REM sleep.

The dogs don't sleep as deeply.

So they don't get the full rest that we do.

Maybe cats.

So that allows them to be, they're always just a little bit tired.

So they can fall asleep, but we often can't because we're rested.

What is it that makes them chase squirrels when they're sleeping?

Like Maverick, he'd just go crazy.

Like he was running on his side.

Well, my dog has nightmares all the time.

I think she had a traumatic youth and I asked a veterinarian about it that she may have had a

traumatic youth and she dreams about, you know, trials and tribulations.

But your dog is having joyful dreams, it would seem.

But why did you think God designed dogs to not get into a really deep sleep?

Okay, I remember this.

I think maybe you did talk about this last month because you said so that they're ready to guard us to

wake up easily.

Yeah, from last week too.

Not last month, yeah.

Wow, I hope the whole lesson's not been a repeat, has it?

Oh no, this is the first thing that was familiar to me.

Oh, okay.

So they could, since they don't get into a deep sleep, they can sleep a lot and they can protect you,

which is a beautiful thing.

Are you guys scared?

Again, what makes them so lovable?

Think about this.

Suppose you had a pet alligator and you said, come here, go away, stay.

That's Robin, because she moved to Florida, she's gonna get a pet alligator.

Well, dogs know our inflection and our commands and they respond

to visual commands.

And that makes them lovable, does it not?

I don't know if you can train a snake, but I doubt it, but you sure can train a dog.

Any comments on that?

Patrick never listened.

Who?

My grand dog, he just did what he wanted.

Actually, I took a class at the wild animal park one time on behavior modification.

And it was interesting to find out what animals you can train that you might not realize.

Like you can train, you can house break birds so that they don't have to stay in a

cage, like they can be loose in the house if you, but you have to be very consistent and diligent with it.

But you can time how often they poop, and then you

can plan it out where they're at their perch at the right time, so you can train them to do that.

And we got to see behind the scenes how they train the elephants for

husbandry and stuff.

And they make it totally voluntary.

The elephants choose to come over and have their husbandry because it's a reward to them.

So it's behavioral modification, or they also call it operant conditioning.

And they taught us how you can also use it on people.

But there's two tricks, no matter who you're doing it with, people or animals.

Number one, you have to be consistent.

You have to be consistent.

And then number two, when you're doing it with people, they can't know you're doing it.

Wow.

How could you use that in parenting?

Exactly.

You can.

You just have to know when to offer the reward and when to remove

the, or when to remove things.

So it's always finding that balance between the positive and negative consequences.

And then you have to be consistent.

My son had a turtle.

We called him Godzilla.

And when I would come over and say something, he would come to the glass and look around for me.

Because he knew that I would give him a treat.

And my son said, he didn't do that for everybody.

Just when I would say something, Godzilla would swim to the glass and look around.

Smart animal.

I never saw like that for a turtle before, but I understand that turtles are a lot smarter

than we give them credit for.

Yeah, my mom has turtles and tortoises.

And she donated some a few years ago to the Creation in Earth History Museum there in Santee.

And Nathan, the one who was doing all the, taking care of all the

animals, pointed out that when the turtles or tortoises follow you, it's because

it's a food thing, that they know that you're their food source, and that's why.

But she still has some out in the yard here that when she goes out, they're satisfied.

Their food needs are met, but some of them are very social and will come to her and want

to see her when she goes out there.

That's great.

Love it.

Thanks for sharing.

Dogs, you ever heard the term mad -dogging?

Dogs like eye contact.

Gangsters often say, don't mad -dog me, like where you're staring in their eyes.

But dogs do love eye contact, and people do too.

This is pretty neat.

Some scientists got funded to figure out that dogs and humans release endorphins

when there's eye contact.

Look at that.

Is that dog communicating with his eyes?

We love them.

And just today, I was watching my dog do this expression, and I was thinking about this lesson tonight.

They really, really know how to work a room, don't they?

They know how to pull our heartstrings.

Anybody care to share about that?

Sure.

I go to this Bible study, and there's a little dog named Brooklyn there.

And Brooklyn comes up to me because he wants some food, so I give him some food, and I pet him,

and he stays by me as long as he wants to.

And then he leaves for another person.

And he goes around the room, and he knows just exactly how to get what he needs,

the food.

And I think that's very, that shows the intelligence of Brooklyn.

But he works his eyes on you probably, right?

Oh, absolutely.

Absolutely.

He'll stay there and stare at me.

If I'm standing up or sitting down, he will stare at me right in my eyes.

I love it. Yeah. I love it.

Besides glorifying God, if he just delighted dogs more, this would have been a blessing, perhaps,

this lesson for you guys.

Anybody else care to share how dogs manipulate you with their beautiful eye contact?

Huskies are very, have a lot of expressions.

And not just with their eyes, they make this noise like,.

A -roo -roo -roo -roo -roo -roo.

And if I were on a call for work, and I happened to be at the house where my granddog was living,

he'd know that I was on a call, and he'd come over and look at me, and then he'd do a -roo -roo -roo -roo -roo.

I love him.

We'll get into the science a little bit of it.

Dogs have special muscles that hardly any other animals have to manipulate their eyes

to produce hundreds and hundreds of eye expressions.

And what's interesting is some wolves do not

have them.

They've lost them perhaps, but it could be one of those artificial selection traits that people

have kept in bred dogs who can make those expressions.

Terry, I need a volunteer.

Okay, I call on Jeff.

Jeff, what expression is this dog saying, and there's no right or wrong answer?

I think so.

Ha ha ha ha ha.

Ha ha ha ha ha.

Oh, aren't they wonderful?

They're like people, aren't they guys?

Of course I'm not an evolutionist, but I'm not an evolutionist, but I would say the dog is more

closely related to people than the ape.

Amen.

They are animals, and we are created in God's image.

Right, absolutely.

How many eyelids do dogs have?

Two. Three.

Two weeks ago, I would have said two, but the answer is three because they have an

upper eyelid, a lower eyelid, and then the third eyelid.

There it is right there.

Does it serve a purpose, or is it an accident through evolution, mutation,

chance, and time?

What do you guys think?

I think that it's probably for a purpose because I know that beavers have at least two

pairs, and one of them is see -through so that they can see underneath the water.

So I'm thinking God designed dogs on purpose that way too.

Everything on the dog that's not a little mutation like a wart is needed.

We have a great God that we can all trust, so there's a purpose for it.

It protects the eye from injury, keeps their cornea clean.

Don't forget, they live outdoors, and it can get dusty out there, amen?

Produces antibodies to protect against infection, and it produces their tears.

That's my dog.

Got a little goo -goo going.

Now, sometimes it's an infection, and I think that one was, because what's strange is she had an ear

infection on her left side that we took her to the vet for,

but could also be something else.

Now, I Googled atheist, and this clown came up.

Now, why do you think he's holding a sign up like that?

Anybody?

Anybody?

To make his mom angry?

Yep, attention.

Even negative attention is better, right?

So on his deathbed, I wonder if he's gonna be bragging about his atheism.

What do you think?

But anyways, on his deathbed, he'll be crying out to God.

If someone's an atheist, and they see this next set of slides, and they're still an atheist,

I cannot do anything to change their mind using science.

I love this, tears.

Tears are an amazing thing.

How many layers of liquid make up our tears?

First off, do you guys know there's different layers to our tears?

I didn't know that, Bill.

Okay.

And Bill, probably we're gonna wanna wrap up pretty soon, and just, we have a couple more questions

when you do get to the stopping point.

Okay, I'll be done in about two minutes.

First, we have the cornea.

But let's talk about layer number, with the number three on it.

There's three layers to tears.

We have a liquid water layer with 1 ,000 proteins in it.

Your tears have 1 ,000 proteins.

They fight infection, they provide nutrition to the eye.

But if you had only water on your cornea, it would slide right off, like water on a

pool ball, billiard ball.

So God designed a mucus to hold the tear to the eye, that's layer number two here, you see it?

But if you went to Arizona in the summer and it was 110 degrees with zero humidity, your tears would

evaporate.

So God put on the outside layer, a layer of oil.

So you got water with 1 ,000 proteins, a mucus that sticks to the eye, and oil

to keep it from evaporating.

If someone doesn't see design in that, I can't help them.

Any amens to that?

Amen.

What a great God.

So God made dogs.

Terri, could you read that one, please?

Yes.

My mouth is filled with your praise, declaring your splendor all day long.

Psalm 71, eight.

If you turn it, and the end.

Nice.

Okay, Bill.

So some questions to challenge your knowledge and see if you've studied these things too.

You mentioned earlier the way that dogs communicate with us with their ears.

So just like some breeds get their tails cropped, some breeds get their ears cropped also.

So does that interfere with dog's natural ability to communicate,

or will their ears still do things?

Like I know I had a dog with its tail cropped, and even though it was little, it would still wag.

You could still see it going, but I don't know about the ears.

I would say the effort is there, but not the results.

And sometimes I feel bad when they crop a dog's tail too much because it keeps its private stuff warm,

that there's a function to their tail.

When it's cold outside, that tail is like a nice warm blanket.

So I would say it does impair their ability to communicate if their ears are cropped.

And we had friends with a Rottweiler.

They cut their tail so short, I won't get personal, but the dog could not be as warm on a

cold barstow night as it could be.

Okay, I get that.

Okay, and then another question from somebody watching along on Facebook is,

I have heard accounts of dogs that have traveled on their own thousand miles or more to find their way

back home.

How is this possible?

Wow.

My little story is I once went to a barber when I was a teenager that I'd never been

to before.

It was a mile from my home and my dog got loose and came to

the barber shop.

Absolutely incredible.

Now that example might've been the sense of smell.

Yeah.

I've never really thought about it, but I've heard they find their

owner.

And they find their owner and they find their dog.

So I would say that's probably the sense of smell.

Wouldn't that be by the sense of smell?

From what I understand is a lot of the police dog can pick up scent from people that

are gone for a long time, and also they can distinguish that scent.

Wouldn't that be able to lead you back to where you came from?

I would be guessing, but I would say it has to be the sense of smell.

I wonder if somebody flew in an airplane versus drove in a car, if that would make a difference.

Let me just guess.

Suppose it was a car, they can smell the person, they can smell the car and they can trace the car.

But I'm guessing there, but that's a very, very good question.

So do you think it's also their sense of smell that dogs can tell the difference between

human males and females?

That would be a guess, but I'd say yes.

And remember last week, we talked about a gland they have inside their mouth for pheromones.

And I would bet in 20 years or so, people will learn even more about dogs and their sensory perception.

They got all these glands that a couple hundred years ago, people said, oh, they don't really need that little thing.

They have a gland, I think it's called the Jacobson gland, where they can smell things underwater.

They get a little water in their mouth and they can detect smell underwater.

So whoever wrote that question, if you research it, could you email me the

answer?

Because it's probably on the internet.

I would love to learn more about that.

But it's fun to research it, is it not?

Yeah, it is.

Okay, Bill, so remind everybody how they can find you.

Okay, I have a website and I have a guy who, I mean, a YouTube channel.

The guy who runs it, I think he changed the name of it to Billy Jack.

Yes.

Oh, have you noticed that?

Yeah, I actually put a link to it in our Facebook comments, but go ahead and -.

Okay.

And I honestly don't care about likes and thumbs up, but I just care about glorifying God.

A lot of debates, a lot of lessons.

Some of them controversial, like why are people atheists?

It's not because of science.

It's because they're either mad at God, they don't wanna listen to God, or they've never been taught anything

else.

But nobody has studied the salivary glands in a dog and said, that

could have happened by chance.

But emotions can drive people from God.

But the people can call me at 714 -898 -8333.

Or email me at billyjack1 at hotmail .com.

And just trying to give people hope, joy, love, and peace

and eternal life with the great God.

That's great.

And we're Creation Fellowship Santee, and people can find us on

YouTube, Creation Fellowship Santee and Facebook and email

creationfellowshipsantee at gmail .com so that you don't miss any of our upcoming speakers.

Bill, do you wanna pray to close us before we end our recording?

Today is the National Day of Prayer.

So we wanna just remember to pray for our country.

I'd be honored.

Dear Lord, thank you for dogs.

May you be glorified by your great creation.

You're an artist, chemical engineer, a mechanical engineer, electrical

engineer, structural engineer, and you're glorified in dogs.

You're glorified with us and you're glorified by all your creation.

I pray that more people humble their emotions and realize who you are,

and they realize the joy, the peace of mind, the contentment that comes with knowing you,

that they don't fear death because they are yours.

In Jesus' name we pray, amen.

Amen.

Okay.

Thank you.