Noah's Flood Evidence Talk (Dr. Biddle, Genesis Apologetics)

Technical Setup and Ministry Background

So, I'm going to be covering a lot of technical stuff tonight. We're going to cover some geology, some paleontology, some scripture, some theology. And if you have any questions for me, again, because we're going to cover a lot of this stuff just right over the top, just please do email me at dan at genesisapologetics .com, or you can hit the staff email that's in the book.

We'll talk about this book later, but this is our book that talks about Noah's Flood. It's going to be a companion guide that goes along with our movie on Noah's Flood. It's going to hit the theaters in about a year and a half, and they're all free for you on the back counter there.

So, please grab your free book on the way out. We've actually already had like four or five people say that they picked it up on Sunday and they've already read the whole thing. So, I don't know. I'm a slow reader.

It would take me much longer than that. One guy said he burned through it in two hours, so it's a two-hour homework assignment for you if you like. Okay, so a little bit about our ministry. Again, I've been part of the collective Bayside community here.

I'm currently over at Bayside Blue Oaks and love it over there. And I see some Blue Oaks hands, which is wonderful. Our ministry is called Genesis Apologetics, and it was actually birthed right here in this room.

I came to a talk about eight years ago in Club 56 by the guy who's currently the vice president of our ministry, a guy named Dave Bisbee, and he gave a talk on dinosaurs that I came to as quite a skeptic.

I've been a Christian since I was 11. I kind of fell away until I was about 17 years old, but I've been trying to walk with the Lord ever since. And I've considered myself a self-studied theologian, an apologist, love apologetics, love theology, and love science.

And I came to a talk that Dave gave about dinosaurs as a skeptic because I knew some of the things that he was going to say. And he so shocked me during that talk that it took about 90 days, it took three months, and really delved into what he talked about.

I bought every book I could get my hands on about dinosaurs and geology and the fossil.

Record.

I did research up in Montana, I did research up in Canada, and about halfway through that process I realized that Genesis is a true history book. And it's plainly written, it's a regular narrative so that anybody in any culture can understand.

It.

Young-Earth Creationism and the Authority of Scripture

And I'm going to try to go over a lot of the research that convinced me tonight, but I also just need to say by way of disclaimer that I am a young earth creationist. Our ministry teaches from a Genesis as real history narrative, and not all Christians are coming from that orientation.

When we speak at different Christian schools, most of the schools do teach from that orientation, that the six days are normal days and earth is just thousands of years ago. And that's my platform, that's the position that we teach from.

But I have all kinds of Christian brothers and sisters that have different viewpoints. We have friends that are framework theory and day age and progressive creations and older creations. I have theistic evolution friends.

We're all on a faith journey as we go through with the Lord as our guide, and of course Scripture is our guide. And sometimes we're on the same journey with respect to our perspectives on Genesis, and we're still developing that.

And other times we believe totally opposite than what the position I'm going to teach from tonight. So my encouragement, if you have a different perspective than what I'm going to be sharing from tonight, is that I love you, the Lord loves you, and this church loves you.

So we're going to be coming at it from a position that I believe honors Scripture in the way that we have come to perceive it. But if you have a different background or a different orientation, thank you for coming tonight and God bless you.

So that's my quick disclaimer of how we're going to be teaching, going over this material.

Tonight.

Ministry Resources, Films, and Youth Outreach

But just by way of quick background about our ministry, we have several different movies that are out. We've got a Genesis Impact, The Demunk Evolution. These are available on like Amazon Prime, Video on Demand.

But the first in-theater movie we're doing is The Ark in the Darkness, Unearthing the Mysteries of Noah's Flood. We just finished the filming for this movie over at Liberty University in Virginia, and The Ark Encounter in Kentucky, and have 11 PhDs that have helped us with that.

Answers in Genesis is also participating with it, and it will come out in about a year and a half. So we're just on the post-production side of that. We have a pretty significant YouTube channel. We have over 10 million views and 113 ,000 subscribers.

And we put out most of our ministry content is really web-based because I have a passion and a burden for youth, and youth today are on their phones about six hours a day. So we're trying to reach youth where they're at with short, compelling videos that talk about making a case for Genesis and for creation.

We strengthen a lot of Christian schools. I regularly teach at Jessup, Capital Christian, Providence, Victory Summit. Our vice president is in all those schools. Pretty much every K -12 school in this area we have some involvement with, either chapel teaching or conferences or teaching in their classes.

We give a lot of local church presentations, and we have an annual conference. We did it last year at William Jessup, and we'll be repeating it this year again in March or April. Well, we have a couple different programs.

All of this stuff is free, so this is not really an advertisement. You can go right here, debunkevolution .com, and download the program if you'd like. This is for 5th to 10th graders. Youth are exposed today to about 250 pages of evolution teaching in public school.

So we've taken a lot of the public school content that they're going to get on evolution teaching and have developed a two-hour video-based program for them to see it through a biblical worldview and not necessarily from an evolution worldview.

And then if you have a high school or college student, the 7myths .com program is a great way for them to solidify their faith in Genesis as a real history book before going off to college. We also have our answers book.

Every year we field thousands of questions through our social media channel and emails and YouTube. We took the top 50 questions that we always get asked, and we developed a book based upon those themes.

And most of those answers in this book also have videos along with them, but that book is also free. If you go to our booth in the main side of the main church, you can grab a copy of that book for free.

And we love talking about our mobile app. We have about 100 ,000 installs. As far as we know, it's the number one leading creation evolution app that's available on Android, so the Google Play and Apple Store, and it plums into all of our leading videos that are on YouTube.

So you can get all of our content right on your phone, and all of that is free. So I talked a little bit about our movie, The Ark and the Darkness, coming to theaters probably July 2023. And here is a copy of the book.

Again, in the back of the room, you guys can get one free tonight. A lot of the content of what we're going to be covering tonight comes from this film or this short video about 23 minutes long on YouTube.

It's currently the leading film in the world on the evidence for Noah's Flood. It has about 2 .7 million views on YouTube, several million views on Facebook, and we compiled this film by interviewing the lead flood geologists and the lead flood experts in the world.

It took about nine months to produce it, and I think it has some really, really compelling evidence for Noah's Flood, and it gets into some more of the detail that we're going to be covering tonight. But if you want to do the deep dive, just go to this video here.

The Global Claim of Noah's Flood in Genesis 6–9

If you've got the handouts, you should be able to see that web address. It's just Noah's Flood and catastrophic plate tectonics. So I want to start today with the big question. This is a Bible conference, and I want to say very, very boldly that the Bible makes the biggest claim about a worldwide cataclysm of any religious text in history.

The Bible takes three chapters in Genesis chapter 6 to 9 and says that the entire world was engulfed with water for 371 days, and everything outside of the ark perished. That is a huge claim, and if that really happened, I would expect that this world would be filled with evidence that, like the Bible says, that every single hill on earth was covered with 15 cubits of water or 22 feet of water.

So if something like that happened, we should be able to go see it profoundly in every corner of the world. So that's a pretty profound claim that the Bible makes. And let's just jump right in and look at what Scripture talks about.

So this is a very quick orientation to Noah's Flood if you're new to this topic, or new to reading your Bible, or want to get into Genesis some more. So here's where we're landing today. It's Genesis chapter 6 through 9.

The flood lasted over a year. That torrential rain part, most people think, well Noah's Flood was only 40 days. That was just the torrential rain part of the flood, but the whole process was 371 days.

There was only eight people saved on the ark. And Noah took pairs of all land-dwelling, air-breathing animal kinds were saved. So it preceded the Ice Age by a hundred years or so, and it's mentioned by several other Bible writers, and it was basically a reset of life on earth version number two.

The book of 2 Peter talks about the world that then was was destroyed. So the world that we're living on today is very much a reset world that's completely different than the world that was around for about 1 ,700 years from creation to the flood.

This is a totally different place that we live in. So lots and lots of ink has been spilled on this Noah's Flood account. In fact, as I mentioned, it's the longest narrative of any single event in all of Scripture, even eclipsing the resurrection.

So Moses talked about the flood. Of course, he took compiled documents and wrote about the flood. We say that Moses produced the Torah. Some parts he wrote, other parts he probably produced. And then, of course, Peter and Paul in the New Testament talked about the flood, and Jesus Himself talked about the flood in Matthew 24.

So I would argue that the stake and the credibility of the entire Bible rests on whether this flood happened or not. If the flood didn't happen, if I personally wasn't convinced of it, I wouldn't be up here today talking about it.

But I've spent years investigating this stuff. I completely believe it happened. In fact, I think it's very obvious that it happened, and I believe the world has obfuscated that it's happened. In fact, Scripture even says in 2 Peter 3 that in the last days, scoffers will come, and they're going to deny two things.

They're going to deny creation out of nothing, and they're going to deny that the world was catastrophically destroyed with water. And I can pick up most college textbooks today, and they deny those two things.

So we're living in interesting times today. Okay, so when did the flood happen? Well, if you just grab your Bible, which is based on a textual tradition called the Masoretic Text, the easiest age to pull up is about 2348 BC.

That's based on Bishop Utsher's chronology. That's the most classic interpretation, so about 4 ,400 years ago or so. But there are some things that you can do with Abraham's lifespan that might back it up a little bit more, maybe to 2 ,500 BC.

And then there's the Septuagint tradition, which is the Greek translation of the Old Testament, and it has some differences in the years that are reported in the Genesis chapters 5 and 10 that might back the flood up as far back as 3168.

But scripturally, it definitely cannot go beyond that. So we're looking at about 4 ,400 years ago, all the way to 3168 BC. So that brackets in when Noah's flood occurred. The flood itself, as I mentioned, was a 371-day process.

The waters, the Bible says that the fountains of the great deep and the windows of heaven were opened on the same day. And then that torrential rain began for 40 days, and the waters rose for 150 days.

And then zenith, they hit their top at about 150 days. Then the water receded for 150 days, and then earth dried out for about 70 days. So it was a 371-day process. And there's all kinds of geological markers that we can use called sloss megasequences that we can use to track these different stages of the flood.

The sloss megasequences are all over the world. We're not going to be getting into that topic tonight. It's more of an advanced geology topic, but we can trace back through the dirt, through the sediment layers and believe where we think these different stages of the flood happened.

But it was a year-long process. The ark itself was 300 cubits by 50 by 30, which is about 450 feet by about 75 feet by about 45 feet. And based upon the interpretation of a cubit, which is your elbow to the tip of your middle finger here, maybe 18 to 22 inches, it was within that bracketed size.

But God came to Noah and gave him very, very specific dimensions on how to build the ark. But you're looking at something that was about 450 to about 520 feet long, and it actually perfectly matches the dimensions and shape and length-to-width ratio that the current ocean barges have.

So it's a very seaworthy shape. So, in fact, people have tested that shape in the CRISO study that took the 12 different models of Noah's ark to the Korean Naval Center in 1993 and ran it against all kinds of studies by simulating tsunamis that would come up and hit a simulated size of ark.

And they determined of 12 different ways to build the ark, 12 different dimensions and shapes, that the dimensions that God gave specifically to Noah, the 300 by 50 by 30, were the best with respect to the comfort, stability, and strength.

So God obviously knew what he was doing when he gave very specific dimensions to Noah on how to build it. And then he said coat it on the inside and on the outside with pitch, which is what you bake down with pine resin, basically.

And people have been using pitch as like a fiberglass to waterproof boats all the way up to the 1800s. It was the defined way to do it. And it would also add a little bit of fiberglass, kind of an epoxy strengthening to the ship as well.

So God knew what he was doing when he told Noah to make a boat that would last the torrential oceans for 370 days. So let's talk a little bit about the pre-flood world. What was it like before the flood hit?

So 2 Peter 3 .6 says, whereby the world that then was being overflowed with water perished. So world version number one was buried catastrophically. And we can tell this very, very obviously from the fossil record.

If you jump into the fossil record and start looking at things like these big, huge creatures, and here's a two and a half foot wingspan dragonfly, these things would not live very well in today's earth atmosphere.

So we take the position that maybe even the oxygen layers were different. Maybe the barometric pressures were different before the flood. And secularists even write books like this, like Out of Thin Air.

They talk about a time that they call the Carboniferous Period, where they've actually documented it with some soil samples and some flora that the earth might have had higher levels of oxygen. And if that was true, it would allow all kinds of things to grow differently.

Like this 20 foot tall mushroom. Here's an artist's rendition of what that probably looked like. Giant fungi were living in the pre-flood world. And eight foot centipedes. We have these things in the fossil record that would probably not live very well in today's earth atmosphere.

So how'd you like to find that in your sheets at night? There's other things like this sauropod dinosaur, the largest sauropods nowadays. And interestingly, God calls this behemoth in Job chapter 40. God brags about it and says, this is the chief of my work.

The chief of the biggest, baddest thing that I ever made. And no one can approach it. It's got a tail that sways like a cedar tree. This is one of the two leading animals that God actually brags about and says, this is the chief.

The number one first in rank is what the Hebrew is talking about of all of my creations. And if you take a look at his nostrils there, well, they're only about the same size as a modern day horse. So how are you going to get enough oxygen in that animal if you're living in today's earth atmosphere for it to breathe?

And even, you know, secularists have said you're going to have a hard time trying to get enough air into that animal. Some of these sauropods were over 120 feet long and weighed 77 tons. So how are you going to breathe enough O2 in that creature if you've got little tiny nostrils?

So I believe that the pre-flood world was a different place. If you look at flying sauropods, or I'm sorry, flying a pterosaurs like this, the biggest one we've ever found in the fossil record is Quetzalcoatlus, a 53 foot wingspan, probably weighed 600 pounds and definitely could not fly in today's earth atmosphere.

You'd have to get it way up on a cliff and maybe push it off and hope it could glide maybe down to the bottom. But some people have run the flight physics on these creatures and realize that you'd have to even hit the wings with about 16 miles an hour of wind just to get its toes up off of the ground.

So earth was a different place before the flood and there's all kinds of profound grand animals and creatures living and growing and roaming about. So next I want to get into something that's a little bit technical, but I want to make sure we address it tonight because it dispels some myths that people believe about the Bible.

So let's talk about the Genesis lifespan. So anyone who starts reading the Bible can get right into the first couple chapters of Genesis and go, whoa, whoa, wait a second. These guys are living to an average of 912 years before the flood.

This Bible's got to be a fairy tale. This is crazy. People don't live to be 900 years old. And it's not just Adam and his son Seth and all of their protégés, it's everyone before.

The flood.

All these patriarchs that are listed except for Enoch who was transported when he was about 375, I think, they're living over 900 years, most of them. So that's a showstopper for a lot of people who are going through Scripture.

They put it down and say, well, this has got to be a fairy tale. So scientists have investigated why they think this has happened and it's actually turned on its head to become one of the most profound proofs and the most profound evidences that Scripture is actually correct and accurate.

So if you look at these pre-flood lifespans of people, so they're living over 900 years long and that's because when God made Adam and Eve, their gene pool was perfect before the fall. They were programmed, they're ready to live forever.

They sinned and then death, corruption, disease, cancer, all that stuff then entered into our.

World.

It came through the one man, through Adam and Eve. And then they started getting, decreasing their lifespan more and more and more and.

More.

So it starts going down a little bit and then they hit the flood and then all of a sudden lifespans go down exponentially because we have 2 ,900 years recorded of lifespans in the early chapters of Genesis.

So why is that? Why are people living 900 years, then they don't suddenly fall off of a cliff, they go down on what's called an exponential decay curve. So I spent about 20 years as a testifying expert in state and federal court cases as an expert in statistics and research.

So I love this kind of stuff and I worked with a geneticist named Dr. John Sanford, the guy who invented the gene gun. This is Dr. Sanford over here and he's in the Smithsonian Natural Museum of America with his gene gun.

And what Dr. Sanford determined is that it's called a biological decay curve. What happened in short is that if you take everyone who lived before the flood in the original population was probably just millions of people, then you have a bottleneck event where you take from that original population just down to eight people because we had Noah and his wife and Shem, Ham and Japheth and their three wives.

So you take all of this genetic variability and you choke point it down to just eight.

People.

Then these eight people get off the arc a year later and then they start, you know, having more kids and having more kids and kids and kids. What happens when you do that to any population, dogs, humans, whatever it might be, is you're going to increase your mutation load in your gene pool.

So right now if brothers and sisters have a kid, there's a really high likelihood of some physical deformity. But when you take a population of millions and humans, choke it down to just eight people, then they go to an island or in this case after the flood, then they're going to start reproducing again.

The mutations in our genes begin increasing exponentially. John has actually done studies that have been published in peer-reviewed scientific journals called Genetic Entropy and he's proven this scientifically.

Our gene load is getting worse and worse and worse with mutations over the years as the years go by. So that's what happened. And if you plot this out statistically, we can take a NOAA and then we begin plotting out the number of generations after NOAA and it falls along what's called an exponential power law curve.

In fact, the data is so fitting that it's statistically significant at a level that is off of the charts. So something's going on here that was not invented by some ancient writer writing with a feather pen on animal skins.

He was recording the real lifespans of these people and it began falling down on the biological decay curve in a way that would exactly express what a gene, a mutational load in our genes.

Would do.

So that's what the statistical curve looks like. So when I would testify as an expert in state and federal court cases, all I would have to hit on my evidence standard would be the 5 level of chance.

I'd be able to go take the stand and say, Your Honor, I know this phenomenon is happening because it's statistically significant at a 5 chance letter level or more. But what happened here is it's not statistically significant at the 5%.

It's actually off the radar. So what's ever happening with these lifespans exponentially declining along this power law curve is statistically significant and it's impossible to mimic or imitate. The data is following along a very strong predictable line.

So we can take that line and we can actually, if you tell me the number of generations a person is from Noah, I can tell you how long they would likely live based upon the model.

Itself.

So it's got great predictive power. So something really significant is going on here and it follows a biological decay curve and it's not invented. So you can't have some ancient guy going around with a feather pen writing on animal skins, doing logarithmic math, writing dates and years along a power curve that's statistically significant.

It's impossible. Making it even more impossible, this story about these guys having declining lifespans tracks over 2 ,900 years of biblical history. So not only would one guy have to be in on this scam, you'd have to have a multi-generational lie of people systematically declining these lifespans over 2 ,900 years of biblical history.

So how could these guys get together over almost 3 ,000 years and come up with a scam to systematically decline lifespans along a way that is statistically significant along a power law curve? So you have really two choices.

Choice number one is the data and the years, the lifespans of these people really does reflect a biological decay curve that's related to the mutation load that's increasing in our gene pool or a multi-generational group of people over 3 ,000 years who knew logarithmic math, advanced regression, writing with feather pens on animal skins somehow coordinated over three millennia to carry a lie that we would be talking about today.

I don't think that's very feasible. I think God's Word is true, and we're seeing a biological decay curve here. Okay, so that biological decay curve is actually tied up at Luke chapter 3. If you take Luke chapter 3, we have the entire genealogies of our Lord Jesus that goes from over here.

We have 70 generations that goes all the way back through King David, goes to Abraham, then it goes to Noah, then we have all the pre-flood patriarchs over here. I would say that what we just witnessed with that 2 ,900 years of history following along a power curve validates that whole line because it tells a history of a people who used to live really, really long, sin enters the world, Noah's flood happens, their gene pool gets choked, mutations begin increasing, and they start systematically declining the lifespans, and that's all tied up with 70 different generations of history that's in the New Testament and in the Old Testament.

So for me, as a statistician and as a researcher, that's some good credible evidence to go with. So I found that real fascinating. So next, let's just cover a question we get a lot. So how do you fit all the animals on the ark?

We get this a lot. Like people who don't want to believe in Genesis, they'll attack us and say, there's 1 .5 million species alive today, you can't take 1 .5 million species on the ark. And my response is, of course you couldn't take 1 .5 million species.

All Noah had to do and all the scripture says is that he took the created kinds. It's usually at the family or the genus level. And so if you look at Canis lupus over here, the familiar wolf, or the horse kind, or the bear kind, or the chicken kind, you can see how we get to reduce the number of species or breeds in each because there's 339 breeds of dog, they all go back to the wolf.

There's 336 breeds of horses, they're all interfertile. You can take any horse of any size and they're usually interfertile. And the bear family, at the family level, there's still five of eight species of the bears that are still interfertile.

You can still crossbreed a grizzly bear with a polar bear and five different species here are interfertile. And chickens, same thing, you can take any of the 69 or 68 different chicken breeds, they're still all interfertile.

So the Bible says that God brought the animals to Noah. So when God was bringing the animals to Noah, all you have to do is have pairs of kind representatives, not all the different species, not all the breeds, just the kinds.

And most creationists that have studied this, called barominologists, have broken down the list to fewer than 3 ,000 animal kinds. It's all you would need to bring aboard the ark to reproduce all the species variation that we have today.

So the world's idea is that you go from the goo through the zoo to me and you. You know, that's the idea. You go from, you know, from pond scum to Uncle Harry over here or whatever it would be.

So that's the idea.

But the Bible says, no, God created after their kind. In fact, 10 times in Genesis chapter one, it says God created the kind. The Hebrew word is min, meaning like at the family level. Then you have the flood events.

There was probably some speciation and some variation that happened between creation and.

The flood.

Then you have the flood extinction event, and you have lots of variability that occurred after that with many animals we have still today and many animals that went extinct quickly after the flood. So that's the Bible's take on how you get all the animals on the ark.

The Mechanics of Noah’s Flood and Catastrophic Plate Tectonics

Now let's get into some of the thicker part of our presentation tonight. We're going to be talking about the flood mechanics. So let's look at some key verses here. Genesis 7 says, in the 600 year of Noah's life, in the second month, in the 17th day of the month, you notice already it's starting to talk like a real history book.

That doesn't sound like fairytale language to me. This is a real diary. It says, on the same day were all of the fountains of the great deep broken up and the windows of heaven were opened. So we have a clue that whatever started the flood happened on the ocean floor.

Fountains of the great deep broke forth. That's the biggest keyword that you can have when we get into this. Then we see that the flood zenith or peaked for about 150 days. The waters prevailed over the highest hills on the earth for 15 cubits upward, which is about 22 feet.

And then the earth, the water began decreasing or receding for 150 days and then earth dried out for about 70. So those are some key passages from Genesis that talk about that. These guys, this panel of six experts, the geophysicists and geologists and all types of people, different backgrounds, got together in the 90s and framed what's a theory about the fountains of the great deep called catastrophic plate tectonics, which is the leading theory about the mechanics of Noah's flood today.

And I'm going to give you a quick overview of what that's like now. So here's what the fountains of the great deep breaking forward probably look like. We have a big, huge rip and tear beginning, starting at the ocean floor.

And then we have linear steam jets that are popping up that are getting cooled rapidly. But we've got what's called superheated or critically heated water that's coming out of the fountains of the great deep, bursting forward and coming back down to earth as torrential.

Rain.

We also believe the Bible says that the fabric of heaven was also open like thatch work of heaven was open and it rained torrentially. But the source of the water that was coming from the sky was from these steam jets raining down as well as the rain that was coming down naturally.

And here is what the fountains of the great deep look like. The earth has a 40 ,000 mile linear rift system that goes entirely around the world 1 .9 times and they're still present today. This is where a lot of the subduction falls happen.

A lot of our volcanoes are happening and shifting around those same regions. And here's what Dr. Baumgardner emulated. We basically have a Pangea-like formation before the flood that breaks apart catastrophically and spreads over one year timeframe as the continents are moving apart at a speed of about five miles per hour.

So walking or jogging speed. We have the fountains of the great deep breaking open. You can see the linear rifts here that are all over the world. And as that's happening, it's pushing the continents apart.

And that's what's responsible for burying all kinds of animals with tsunamis and things like that. The most obvious one is the mid-Atlantic ridge, which is like a baseball seam that goes about 10 ,000 miles right down the middle of the earth.

Here's what a bathymetric map shows like, a map when you take away all the water. You can see how pronounced this huge fountain of the great deep is, the mid-Atlantic ridge. It's got hills on each side.

It's a very, very pronounced rift zone that opened up during Noah's flood just about 4 ,400 years ago. When those rifts were opening, superheated magma was coming up through the rift zones, forming new seafloor that was spreading on both sides.

You can see that spreading emulation. It's going across and that's what is pushing these continents apart. As it's creating new seafloor, it's coming out, it's going left and right, and it's pushing the continents apart.

An amazing mechanism for doing that. While that was happening, it was also creating a lot of subduction-related tsunamis and volcanoes. We've got some more that I'll show you about that next. Here we have the plate subducting.

When it hits the landmass here, it starts recycling back into earth. Here we have the subducting plate and it's going to hit the landmass. We would have the seafloor spreading out here somewhere. It's going this way and that way.

It comes up and hits the landmass. When it does, it binds and starts building up tension. This is how we get subduction-related earthquakes today. This is exactly what happened in Japan. Builds up tension, then it releases and it sends a tsunami in two directions when that happens.

It's exactly what happened in Haiti. It happened in Japan. Then these cycling tsunamis are coming up in repeated fashion and building up the layered geology we see on continents today. It's happening in cycles over a one-year long period of time.

This is how we can explain this massive dinosaur kill zone that we see here. Each one of these dots is not just one fossil. It represents either thousands or in some cases hundreds of thousands of fossils.