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Him a go for us and we can reflect on it, look at it, learn from it, be taught by it. It's amazing in that God has preserved his word for us and to us. Okay. So, um, we'll deal with chapter 18 this morning.
And so, um, I'd like to read the whole chapter and certainly it's 31 verses. So it'll be, uh, some thoughts, but not every thought that could be had, uh, as we go through the chapter. Okay. Judges 18, you remember as brother Mike brought up, Mike is, um, opening history in chapter 17.
It continues in chapter 18. In those days, there was no King in Israel. And in those days, the tribe of Danites was seeking an inheritance for itself to dwell in. Or until that day, their whole inheritance among the tribes of Israel had not yet fallen to them.
So the children of Dan sent five men of their family from the territory, men of valor from Zorah and Eschatol to spy out the land and search it. And they said to them, go search the land. So they went to the mountains of Ephraim to the house of Micah and large there.
And while they were at the house of Micah, they recognized his voice, the voice of the young Levite. And they turned aside and said to him, who brought you here? What are you doing here in this place?
What do you have here? And he said to them, thus and so Micah did for me is hired me and I became his priest. So they said to him, please inquire of God that we may know whether the journey on which we go will be prosperous.
And the priest said to them, go in peace and may the presence of God, of the Lord be with you on your way. So the five men departed and went to Laish and they saw the people who were there, how they dwelt safely in the manner of the Sidonians, quiet and secure.
And there were no rulers in the land who might put them to shame for anything. They were far from the Sidonians and they had no ties with anyone. Then the spies came back to their brethren in Zorah and Eschatol and their brethren said to them, what is your report?
So they said at arise, let us go up against them for we have seen the land and indeed it is very good. Would you do nothing? Do not hesitate to go that you may enter to possess the land. And when you go, you will come to a secure people in a large land for God has given it into your hands, a place where there is no lack of anything that is on the earth.
And 600 men of the family of the Danites went from there from Zorah and Eschatol armed with weapons of war. Then they went up and encamped in Kireth-Jerim in Judah. And therefore they call that place Maneah-Dan to this day.
There it was west of Kireth-Jerim. And they passed from there to the mountains of Ephraim and they came to the house of Micah. Then the five men who had gone to spy out the country of Laish answered and said to their brethren, do you know that there are in these houses an ephod and household idols and a carved image and a molten image?
Now therefore consider what you should do. So they turned aside there and came into the house of the young Levite man, that is to the house of Micah and greeted him. The 600 men armed with the weapons of war who were the children of Dan stood by the entrance of the gate.
And then the five men who had gone up to spy out the land went up and entering there, they took the carved image and the ephod, the household idols and the molten image. And the priest stood at the entrance of the gate with 600 men who were armed with weapons of wars.
When these went into Micah's house and took the graven image, the ephod, the household idols and the molten images, the priest said to them, what are you doing? And they said to him, be quiet. Put your hand over your mouth and come with us.
Be a father and a priest to us. Is it better for you to be a priest to the household of one man or that you'd be a priest to a tribe and a family in Israel? So the priest's heart was glad and he took the ephod and the household idols and the carved image and he took his place among the people.
And then they turned and departed and put the little ones, the livestock and the goods in front of them. And when they were a good way from the house of Micah, the man, the men who were in the house near Micah's house gathered together and overtook the children of Dan.
And they called out to the children of Dan. So they turned around and said to Micah, what ails you that you have gathered such a company? So he said, you have taken away my gods, which I have made and the priest, and you have gone away.
Now, what more do I have? How can you say to me, what ails you? The children of Dan said to him, do not let your voice be heard among us, lest angry men fall upon you and you lose your life with the lives of your household.
Then the children of Dan went their way. And when Micah saw that they were too strong for him, he turned and went back to his house. So they took the things Micah had made and the priest who had belonged to him and went to Aish to a people who were quiet and secure.
And they struck them with the edge of the sword and burned the city with fire. And there was no deliverer because it was far from Sidon. They had no ties with anyone. And it was in the valley that belongs to Beth Pharaoh.
So they rebuilt the city and dwelt there. And they called the name of the city Dan after the name of Dan, their father, who was born in Israel. However, the name of the city formerly was Laish. Then the children of Dan set up for themselves the carved image and Jonathan, the son of Gershom, the son of Manasseh, and his sons were priests to the tribe of Dan until the day of the captivity of the land.
So they set up for themselves Micah's carved image, which he made all the time that the house of God was in Shiloh. So again, we're judges 18. If you just came in general thoughts, not as many details because of the length of the chapter, but nevertheless, if you remember as brother Mike brought up last week, the time and the setting for this is not to be misunderstood as if it is after the judges, but rather, and I don't want to go all the way back to, but brother Mike proved and showed from the scriptures how this is really something that has taken place long before the judges were even raised up after perhaps the elders that outlived Joshua.
And now we begin to see some of the things that led up to, because as you read the book of judges and you read through the judges, and I think we talked about this a little bit at the end last week, as I read these final chapters, I think it gives me a little better understanding of the times and the surrounding things that were taking place.
And so when we see the raised up and we see the judges themselves have issues in their own lives and issues with the actions that they take and issues with the rest of the tribes, but this helps us understand what is going on at that time.
So if you remember now, and certainly we're going to deal more with the idea of the family of Dan, or as I would understand it, part of the family, part of the tribe of Dan, this is not just saying that the Danites or the whole tribe of Dan that came out of Dan have not possessed the land, but rather I'm going to set before us and hopefully show, and I think it's fairly easy to do that, that some of the land that the tribe of Dan was given was settled, and yet this is a, if you will, a part of the tribe of Dan called Danites, and that they are unsettled, and now they're trying to gain further places in the land.
So let's think about it a little bit. You remember what they were told in the beginning? What was Israel told when Joshua brought him into the land, or as they entered into the land? What was his instruction to all of Israel?
I'm glad somebody said something, because I wasn't going to say anything. Yeah, it was, right? It was to go into the land and subdue it. God has promised you a land. Here it is. Here's its boundaries, and you are to go, and you are not only to enter into the land, but, and did I hear you right?
You said conquer? Right, but yeah, but that's, it wasn't just to enter into the land. It was to dispossess those nations who were not in a right relationship with God, and so it wasn't just like, just go in and just relax.
No, you need to go in, and you need to subdue, you need to overcome, and you need to wipe out basically in the idea of total destruction, and then you will enter into the lot, and if you remember, remember the, how if you think about it, they were all given a lot, right?
They were given a portion. It wasn't, and it basically broke out, and I'm certainly not going to draw what, if you remember what Sister Mary said when I drew a picture of Israel, she said it looked like a rotten tooth, so I'm not, I'm not doing that again, but if you remember, they all had a portion, and, and it, and that whole land was divided up, right?
Some got a bigger portion, some got a smaller portion, and when we come to the tribe of Dan, it's interesting that, well, let me just read to you what, do you remember the blessings that came out in Genesis 49 to, to the tribes, right, to the 12 sons?
Well, this was what was told to Dan. Dan shall be a serpent by the way, a viper by the path, that bites the horse's heel, so that its rider shall fall backwards. So Dan was, Dan was given a portion of land.
If we were to go back and look at it, was Dan the biggest tribe? Anybody know? Okay, they weren't, and not only that, but what's interesting about that, if you go back and, and I went back and I looked in, looked in the first chapter numbers, you remember the chronology and the, the laying out of how many men were to go to war from each of the tribes, and what was the age?
It was from 20 and over that the men had to be prepared for war, and, and as you go back and you read, the tribe of Dan was not the largest tribe, and yet the only tribe that had more men prepared for war was Judah.
Dan was in that sense one of the smaller tribes, and yet they possessed one of the bigger armies, and yet their land that was given to them was one of the smallest, because again, the land was proportioned to the tribe and the size and the amount of people, but I thought that was interesting as we come to this chapter, and we look at the Danites here, and they're, they're trying to get further into their possession, that you and I would understand, there's a problem here with the tribe of Dan, don't you think?
They have not fully engaged themselves in faith and gone in and done what they were told to do, therefore we, we see this as it starts to develop, but it is, it is interesting that, that they had such a large amount of, of men that could conquer, and yet what, what do you think kept them from doing that?
What, what would be, what would be one reason why people, especially as the nation of Israel entered into, what would be a reason why they don't take possession of the lot that God gave them, the portion?
Fear. Fear, okay, yeah, fear, and what is, what's the root of that? Lack of faith. Lack of faith. Sir? Unbelief. Unbelief, right, yeah, all those things, and so as we look at this and go through this rather quickly, I wanted us to keep in mind that it's not like the Danites are, oh, the poor Danites haven't been able to do what they tried to do.
In many ways, they have failed to do what they were told to do, and so as we come to this now and, and begin to look at the, the, the different things that are sent out for us, it's interesting to, and where was Samson from, by the way, which tribe?
Yeah, Samson was from the tribe of Dan, but so now remember, we're looking before Samson, and it is interesting that the last judge that is given to us is from that tribe. Okay, one other thing, and I'm not going to draw the, where I am, I guess, the land of Israel.
That doesn't look like a rotten tooth to me, but I guess some people think that. Where, where do you, where was Dan? Remember that, how this is split? Up top to the right. Northern kingdom, southern kingdom, right, would you say?
Top right, I think. Yeah, I, certainly, it's interesting because there's actually two portions that you could find that were given to Dan. Here's what I wanted to say. Anybody know what's the furthest point down in the south?
Yeah, Beersheba, and, and I want to make a point real quick about this. I'm going to write this so slow so you can't tell whether I'm spelling it right. The spelling don't count when I'm here. Interesting that the northern part, the northernmost part of the land of promise was allotted in many ways to the tribe of Dan.
If you read through the Old Testament as you, as we come through Samuel and, and the kings and whatnot, there's this constant rehearsing for us of how Israel is spoken of as from Dan to Beersheba. You'll, you'll, you'll see it as you go through.
It says that Israel was, whether it was good, bad, or somewhere in between, I'll say from Dan to Beersheba. So it really was at the very top and, and actually the land that they're looking to possess, from what I understand, is at the mouth of the Jordan.
And so it's, this is a, it's a good piece of land that they're trying to capture. It wasn't, they weren't just trying to take over a desert. This would, this would have been, if that's true, and it is by the, by the mouth of the Jordan, usually when you come to water, you have what?
Fertile, good for growth, good for this, good for crops, good for, for many things. So this is an important piece of land. Okay. With that, let's just walk through a couple of thoughts as we go through the verses.
So first when it came to pass in those days, when there was no king, that the certain Levite sojourning in the remote mountains of Ephraim, he took for himself, I guess that should be chapter 18, right?
Quick, interesting. It says in chapter 18, it starts, there's no king in Israel. Chapter 19 starts the same way. So in those days, there was no king in Israel. And in those days, the tribe of Dan of the Danites was seeking an inheritance for itself to dwell in for until that day, their whole inheritance among the tribes of Israel had not fallen to them.
And that's what we had just been talking about. And I wanted to remind us of something that was told to them. And this goes all the way back to the first chapter of the book of judges. And it says this in judges one, you can look it up for yourself and it's verse 34.
And it says the Amorites forced the children of Dan into the mountains for they would not let them come down into the valley and the Amorites were determined to dwell in Mount Ceres. So again, if we think about this, they are trying to take the rest of their lot.
And from the very beginning, they've been struggling with this. And again, not that they hadn't taken some of it. So the narrative goes on. So the children of Dan sent five men from their family, the territory men of valor from Zoril and Eschatol to spy out the land and search it.
And they said to them, go and search out the land. They went to the mountains of Ephraim and behold, they come upon the house of Micah. And then by coming upon the house of Micah, who are they going to find?
But the Levite, right? Who we found out, who was the Levite anyway? Who was this Levite priest who winds up in the house of Micah? If we answer this, or brother Mike's gonna come back up next week and go back to chapter 17.
He was what? He was somebody's grandson, right? And do you remember the Hebrew professor wrote all that Hebrew backwards with hanging vowel points and all that. And to prove that it was, when it says he was from Manasseh, that's not correct, right?
He was from Moses. Who was Gershom? Moses' son. And who is Jonathan? Who is this Levite? Gershom's son. Therefore, ipso facto, Jonathan is who? He's Moses' grandson. Again, and that helps so much determine the time.
Remember, how long does the... I don't know what's my time. How long does the book of Judges take place? Just a wild idea. How long is the time, space for the book of Judges? 50 years, 60 years, 100 years, 200 years, 300 years, a thousand years?
Somebody, something? Yeah, 350, 400. I mean, let's put it this way. It's more than a week and less than a millennium. But anyway, my whole point is there's a good amount of time and a good amount of space that we're talking about.
So when you think about that and we think about this Levite, that they just happened to come to the house and find that he is in fact Moses' grandson. So verse three, when they were at the house of Micah, they recognized the voice of the young Levite and they turned aside and said to him, who brought you here?
What are you doing in this place? What do you have here? Now, just a moment of verse three, where it says they recognize the voice of the young Levite. I guess we could spend some time really, did they know him personally?
Or did they know from perhaps his accent? I mean, I really can't go anywhere. Yeah. You already know what I'm going to say. I'm a Yankee and you already know it. And if I go back to New York, you know what they're going to say?
You sound, yeah. So I'm a transplant. Honey, I've always sound confused. But I don't know if I don't necessarily know if they knew him personally, perhaps, or did they know him because of his accent? But either way, they recognize him.
And as this begins to unfold, we'll see how they want to treat him based on that. And so why are you here? What are you doing here? And verse four, he said to them, thus and so Micah did for me. He has hired me and I become his priest.
Not good. Not good. Remember the two words that brother Mike put up on the board? I'm just going to do it again. Why? I can't do it as good as you bro. And what was the other word? Anybody remember? Why?
You should put a bunch of A's in between what? Draw it out. I just asked brother Mike to say it every time we would say it. So what is he? You remember he he's hooked up into this house of Micah and this is not a good situation.
This is that's what you asked me. A title is a mess to begin with. Right. But nevertheless, they come upon him. And what's interesting is, well, let's read a little further. I think you'll see it. So this is verse four.
Thus and so Micah did for me. He's hired me. I become his priest. And they said to him, please inquire of God that we may know whether the journey on which we will go will be prosperous in the first six.
And the priest said to him, go in peace. May the presence of the Lord be with you on your way. Now, I don't know how you take that, but I take that pretty much is. Yeah, things are good. Go. I don't see any way.
Should should he really be the one that they are inquiring of? Yay, nay, nay. OK. Why? Inquire. I'm in the throne room, right? They would go in and like you say, and the priest would would pray and then whatever the room actually was and you had that little thing.
Right. So they don't have any right really to be doing this. And I take it as a giant that just says, yeah, go ahead. God's with you. I don't see anything that says the say of the Lord. I don't. And he couldn't say that because he's really not supposed to be doing this to begin with.
And it's interesting how he just up, go in peace. May the presence of the Lord be with you on your way. So the five men, verse seven, five men departed to go to Laish and they saw the people who were there, how they dwell safely in the manner of Sidonians, quiet and secure.
And there were no rulers in the land who might put them to shame for anything. They were far from Sidonians and they had no ties with anyone. In verse eight, the spies came back to their brethren and Zorah and Eschatol and their brethren said to him, what is your report?
And they said, arise and let us go up against them. For we have seen the land. Indeed, it is very good. You do nothing. Do not hesitate to go that you may enter to possess the land. Basically, they, they, they go and they inquire and all they needed to hear in, in their minds was, yeah, it go, the Lord's going to bless you.
And so what do they do? Man, this is going to be easy pickings. There's nobody to protect them. There's nobody to stop us. I want to read this quote because one of the commentators pulled this point out and I want to make a point.
The outward providence of God can easily be misunderstood, even if it appears as if that providence is good. In other words, can we solely, and again, we don't have time to go too deep in this. Can we solely rely on providential events to determine our action?
We can mislead ourselves or we can mislead understanding the promise of God. And so one commentator said this, it says those who please themselves with their own delusions, if providence unexpectedly brings anything to their hands to further them in their evil way, they are apt from that to think God is pleased with them.
I think that's something for all of us to consider in our lives because what is, what really is our authority? Is it, is it providence alone? Our real authority is what? Word of God and, and, and, and certainly the leading of the spirit of God within us in accordance to the word of God.
Now, again, not everything is, is that way, right? You know, I pray whether they take this job or that job. Well, you know, so, so I'm not discounting what I'm saying is the Danites here, as they come upon the house of Micah and they see Jonathan and, and perhaps now they find out if they didn't know already that this is Moses' grandson and they begin to think, man, this is all good for us.
We're going to be able to roll right in and, and take this over. And, and so they set a rise and go into the land. And then verse 11, and 600 men from the family of Danites went from there, from Zorah and Eschatol armed with weapons of war.
And that's why I say to you, I don't believe this was the whole tribe, it was a segment of the tribe of Dan, perhaps a clan, perhaps a family unit, but nevertheless, there's 600 men. And, and by the way, they're, they're men of valor.
And so they went up and they camped in Kirat Jerim in Judah. Therefore they call the name, the name of the place, Menea Dan to this day, and there was west of Kirat Jerim. And so verse 13, they pass from there to the mountains of Ephraim and they come to the house of Micah.
And, and so the five men who had gone to spy out the country, remember that that was what the children of Israel had to do originally to go in and spy out the land. And what, what kind of report did they bring back?
It was an evil report, right? Except for who? Joshua and Caleb. Interesting here. Now they're going to go, and they're going to bring back a good report, but that doesn't, again, it doesn't necessarily mean just because someone gives you a good report that things are good.
We have to think about that. So the five men who had gone out, spied out the country and they said to their brethren, do you know that there are in these houses, ethods and household idols and a carved image and a molten image.
Now, therefore consider what you should do. And as we read through the remaining verses, as we have time, this whole thing keeps coming back up about the idols, carved images, molten images, and the ephod, and it becomes what, what does it, what does it become to them?
Come on. I know, you know, what is it to them? Idols. Yeah. And not only that, it becomes the, the manner in which they think that God is to be worshiped. And as brother Mike brought up last week, that is that correct?
Even if we call on the name of the true God, what if we call on him using wrong names? What if we call on him using wrong, uh, ways of living and we just make that determination. And so certainly idols and carved images.
I mean, um, is that, would anybody say that that's a good thing to have idols and carved images and molten images? No. Well, and the ephod was already for the, for the priest of Levi here. He's, he's for the service of God, but it's not the same, right?
Well, that's part of the issue, right? That's the, what I can't, you know, how corrupt our minds are. You know what I think in my mind when I read that some of you are going to, whatever, I think of Janice Joplin, Janice Joplin.
Does anybody know what I'm talking about? Or should I just leave this? Okay. Go on to the next verse. I got to say it anyway. Janice Joplin sang a song that says, I don't care if it rains and freezes as long as I got my plastic Jesus sitting on the dashboard of my car.
And now it's an idol, right? It's, it's, uh, you should leave it alone. Okay. So, so, uh, verse 15, they turned aside and they came to the house of the young Levi that is in the house of Micah and they greeted him and the 600 men armed with the weapons of war who with the children of Dan stood by the entrance of the gate.
And it goes on and on and on. And it begins to rehearse what took place to come down to verse 18. When these went into Micah's house, they took the graven image and the ephod and the household idols and molten images.
The priest said to them, what are you doing? The verse 19 is interesting. Don't you think? Cause it kind of me reveals the character of, uh, Jonathan. Look at verse 19. They said to them, they said to him, so he says, what are you guys doing?
Mike is taking care of me. I'm his priest. This is a pretty good setup. He gives me clothes. I get a yearly, uh, money. What are you doing? And so they say in verse 19, they said to him, be quiet, put your hand over your mouth, come with us, be a father and a priest to us.
It is better for you to be a priest to the household. Is it better to be a help of the priest of the household of one man or that you may be a priest tribe of the family of Israel. So the priest was glad he took the ephod and the household idols in the carved image and took his place among the people.
Now here's my understanding of this. He, he, he did some calculations and it didn't take them all. This is going to work out for me, right? I'm going to have more honor. I'm going to have, uh, more authority.
Um, I'll be better supported to me that reveals the character. Not, not that the other things don't reveal the character, but again, I would do one of those. Well, right. Again, remember now, as, as we said, they think that the providence of God is smiling on.
And what's interesting as you go through this, they actually do subdue this piece of land. But even in that, just because we seem to have victories, is that in and of itself, the determining factor, or is it that we walk by faith in obedience to God's word, regardless, kind of like Joe, right?
The Lord gives what takes away. Mustn't be the name of the Lord. Shall we receive good Job said and not evil. So, um, but anyway, he's, uh, he thinks this is a good setup. So now he's going to go with them.
And now, and now Micah comes back and now Mike is all Micah says, what? Right. Cause he comes home and everything's gone, including the priest. His deal is broken. His, he, he set himself up thinking that the province of God has smiled on him because the Levi came into his house.
The children of Dan think that the providence of God has smiled on them because they meet the Levi. The Levi himself thinks the providence of God has smiled on him because now he gets to be a priest to the whole tribe.
Well, at least this larger piece of the tribe of Dan, everybody thinks that, and then Micah comes in, his bubble gets busted. So it says they turned and departed and put the little ones in the livestock, livestock and the goods in front of them.
And they were a good way from the house of Micah, the men who were in the houses near Mike, his house gathered together and overtook the children of Dan. And they called out to the children of Dan. So they turned around and said to Micah, this is kind of interesting, right?
Verse 23. And this is the way the new King James says, what else you, you have gathered such a company. What is a brother, Mike, what's it saying yours, Kalia, what's your, what's that verse saying yours, the one we just talk about now where it says they, uh, what else you in verse 24, how's that?
Those laughs. Okay. What's the matter with you? You want to say what's the matter with me? You've taken everything that I've just set up and now, you know, want to know what's bugging me. And so now the children of Dan come back at him.
And so he said, uh, he goes on and he says, you've taken away my goods. I'm sorry, my gods, which I've made and the priest and you've gone away. Now, what more do I have? How can you say to me what else you and the children of Dan said to him, do not let your voice be heard among us.
Basically tell him you better shut up. Less angry men fall upon you. Remember, I, and I, I'm going to say these 600 men from this clan of Dan, these are not, these are valiant. Uh, these are street fighters or mountain fighters or Valley fight, wherever you want.
These are men. These are men that are able to do. I don't think there was a bunch of, um, well, I think this was a bunch of rough looking guys come, come pulling into, into Micah's house. And Mike is basically now he does another quick calculation.
He says, if I start a fight, is ain't going to go good with me. So what does he do after they tell him to be quiet? Uh, verse 26, the children of Dan went their way. And when Micah saw that they were too strong for him, he turned and went back to his house.
Basically, Mike, his deal is over. The children of Dan still think that they have, uh, they got God with them because they got Jonathan and he got the ephod and the carved images and everything's just going to work out and verse 27.
And so they took the things that Micah had made and the priesthood belonged to him. And they went to Laisha people who were quiet and secure, and they struck them with the edge of the sword and burn the city with fire.
So I said, they did, they actually did do what they planned to do. And there was no deliverer because it was far from side. And that's what we read in the narrative that these people live basically alone and by themselves.
And it was in the Valley that belongs to Beth Reav. And so they rebuilt the silly, uh, the city and dwelt there. And they called the name of the city, Dan after Dan, their father, who was born in Israel.
However, the name of the city was formerly was Laish verse 30 and verse 31. We just have a minute left. And this is a very sad ending because their disobedience, their, um, their desire inordinate, not based in truth is going to capture them and hold them captives for a long time.
Look at verse 30, the children of Dan set up for themselves, the carved image and Jonathan, the son of Gershom, the son of Manasseh and his sons were priests to the tribe of Dan until the day of the captivity of the land.
Now that takes a while folks. There's going to be some, there's a lot of, a lot of things are going to happen before they're going to go off. Remember, the Northern part goes off in like 722, something like that.
They go to Assyria and then the Southern kingdom Judah part, like 586, 587 gets taken by Babylonians. So, so there's, there's some time and the snare is that they have set up false worship. And what was the very thing as we close?
What was the very, one of the most important things that God warned them through Joshua and even through Moses before that, what was the one great thing that God said to them as he told them that he was going to give him the promised land.
He told them, do not mingle, do not mingle. Why? Because if you mingle, you're going to be entangled and you're going to wind up in, um, false worship and idolatry, the things that God hates. So there's a real lesson for us.
I think one of the best ways to, uh, summarize the final chapters of the book of judges is not what we can learn, um, from the positive, but what we ought to learn from the negative because both the teachers, right?
God uses both positive and negative to instruct us. So, um, I like to say questions, comments, concerns, but we don't have time. So I get out of it free. So let's pray. Father, thank you for our time together, Lord.
Thank you for who you are. Thank you for what you've done. Thank you, Lord, that you sent your son, the Holy one, the righteous one, the one who did always the things that pleased you. And so we can trust in him above all else Lord, for he has done what we could not and would not do in that he paid the price that we owe to you.
Bless us. May we worship you in spirit and truth in Christ's name. Amen. Thanks.