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Now I want you to pay attention. It wasn't anything in Israel wasn't their military. Good evening and welcome to Sunday night Bible study with pastor Josiah Shipley of Wynton Baptist Church. Today we start a series on the Jewish feast the festivals Biblical festivals and I want to just give you an overview of them.
You can find most of these in Leviticus 23. Well, we're just gonna do an overview of the well some people say seven there's technically there's ten Jewish feast and we're gonna go over them and on the next few see their significance and how Jesus Christ Fulfills these how these were foreshadowings of him.
So here we go. Leviticus 23 Says this Leviticus chapter 23 verse 1 Yahweh spoke to Moses saying speak to the people of Israel and say to them These are the appointed feasts of the Lord that you shall proclaim them as holy convocations or gatherings.
These are my appointed feasts. Okay, and then Leviticus 23 he goes through these feasts. So let's go through them one by one. The first one is the Sabbath now. A lot of people don't count this one because it's weekly.
It's not just once a year. It's every week, but we have the Sabbath. That would have been Friday evening to Saturday evening. Remember the Jews counted the days from sundown to sundown you see this in the creation account Moses wrote in Genesis Evening and morning or the first day evening and morning on the second day.
So from sundown to sundown is A is a 24 hour day. According to the Jewish calendar and as you guys study this remember the Jews use a lunar calendar not a solar calendar. So their years end up being for the most part 354 I think it is or 355 days and then when those days catch up with them, they'll add a 13th month every now and then.
Instead of doing you know a leap year or we just add a day every four years. They'll add a full month to make up for the quote-unquote missed days on their lunar calendar. All right. So the next one after Sabbath is the Passover.
Okay now on the Passover it says in verse 5 a little bit because 23 the first month on the 14th day so on the Jewish calendar, that would be Nisan. Roughly March or April. Nisan the 14th would be Passover since it's on Nisan the 14th.
That necessarily wouldn't always fall on the same day of the week. They could be on a Wednesday Thursday Friday, whatever immediately when Passover starts immediately after that starts a week called the Feast of Unleavened Bread.
Okay, so Passover is to kick off to the Feast of Unleavened Bread, which is a week long now. Whatever Sabbath day falls wherever it falls in that week. It's called the Feast of First Fruits. Whatever day is the Sabbath day during that day.
I just misspent the day after the Sabbath. Whatever Sunday falls in that week is the Feast of First Fruits. So again in an eight-day period we have three festivals. Okay, we have the Passover. Nisan 14 Kicks off the week of the Feast of Unleavened Bread.
Whatever Sunday whatever Sunday falls during that week is the Feast of First Fruits. So those are the first three and they fall within a day period of each other all in March or April all in the middle of Nisan.
Okay, so Passover kicks off the week of First of Unleavened Bread. Whatever day Sunday is on during that week is the Feast of First Fruits. Okay. Now these are festivals often they come with a sacrifice.
Grain offering. Sometimes they come with fasting. Sometimes they come with prayer. Sometimes they come with Not doing ordinary work. But all of these are taking place in the eight-day period now verse 15.
You shall count seven full weeks from the day after the Sabbath from the day that you brought the sheaf of the wave offering you'll count 50 days to the day after the seventh Sabbath and you'll present a grain offering and new grain offering to the Lord.
50 days from the Feast of First Fruits. 50 days from that day is The Feast of Weeks or Harvest or Pentecost. Remember that okay, these all have New Testament Fulfillments, we're gonna learn in the next few weeks.
Okay. So for those you on the edge your seat about them pretty cool. So This takes place. I guess you'd say at the end of spring but still spring these first four are all in the spring. Passover kicks off Unleavened Bread in the middle of that Feast of First Fruits 50 days after First Fruits is Pentecost.
Then you have in the fall. You have the Feast of Trumpets Yom Kippur of a Day of Atonement and the Feast of Booves or Tabernacles, okay. So we have trumpets in the fall Day of Atonement in the fall and Tabernacles now those the ones mentioned in Leviticus 23.
Along with the Sabbath that would make eight. There are two others that were not given to Moses that were added later. One was added by Queen Esther and that's called Purim or lots. Okay, that was added by Queen Esther.
Another was actually added After the Old Testament already been written in between the time period of the Old Testament New Testament called in the silent years. And that was the Feast of Dedication or lights or Hanukkah, okay, and we'll learn in detail about that in the coming weeks.
Pretty cool stuff. So I want to give you Just a sample of What these look like so let's do Passover and The Day of Atonement, let's just knock those out first. Let me slow down. Let's go to Colossians chapter 2.
I want to show you some Colossians chapter 2 speaking about whether or not we still have to keep these festivals. This is what Paul says Colossians 2 starting in verse 16. Therefore let no one pass judgment on you in question of food or drink or regard a festival or new moon or Sabbath.
These are a shadow of the things to come but the substance belongs to Christ. In other words the Old Testament serves as a foreshadowing a Picture Paul calls it a mystery now revealed of Jesus. Jesus Reveals what all these were doing the Old Testament.
Leviticus in particular is nothing but a pointing to who Jesus is. God decided to dispense his revelation one piece at a time. The Old Testament writers knew of a coming Messiah Christ. Not all of them knew that his name would be Jesus born in Palestine in first century AD Under Roman rule and would be crucified because most of none of them would have known what Romans were crucifixion, okay.
They just knew That God was gonna send a Christ. God has always judged. Rightly and fairly based on what he has revealed to people at that time. That's how he still judges. He always judges based on whatever information is given to him at that time.
Abraham may not have known that Jesus would be crucified by Romans. But Abraham for whatever God told him believed God and it was credit to him as righteousness. People always judged based on whatever revelation God has given them at that time these.
They would have lost their minds if Jesus had told them on Sinai his whole plan. They would have been like what? Antichrist, what is that? So God dispensed his truth a little bit at a time here he's showing them.
He's showing them sacrifices that have to be made for their sins to point that what Jesus would do. So Looking at Passover, for example, this is a this is an easy one. Do you remember when Passover was first instituted?
It was before Leviticus 23 in Egypt after the tenth plague. Or at the tenth plague God told the people of Israel I'm gonna kill the firstborn of every living thing in the land of Egypt. Cattle man every.
The angel of death will pass over. Whatever home has the blood of the lamb over a doorpost. So God told the Israelites to find an unblemished lamb. Not not the sick one that you have an unblemished. A perfect one.
To kill it and put its blood on the doorpost. Now that sounds strange, but just catch this if You weren't wealthy enough to own a lamb you could share with your neighbor. So there would be the blood of a perfect lamb on the doorpost when the angel of death came to kill the firstborn he passed over Passover.
The homes that had the blood of the lamb covering it. Okay. So the homes that had the blood of the lamb covering them the angel of death passed over them. Yeah. Keep that in mind. Okay, keep that in mind.
The Fall Festival Yom Kippur Day of Atonement. Let's talk about what that is. So we got we got Passover. That's how that was introduced on On the Day of Atonement. This is from Hebrews chapter 9. Hebrews chapter 9 starting in verse 7.
But into the second only the high priest goes and he only goes once a year and not without blood. Which he offers for himself and for the unintentional sins of the people. By this the Holy Spirit indicates that the way into the holy place is not yet open as long as the first section is still standing.
Which is symbolic for this present age. According to this arrangement gifts and sacrifices are offered that cannot perfect the contents of the worshiper. But deal only with food and drink in various washings regulations for the body imposed until the time of Reformation.
But when Christ appeared as high priest of the good things to have come. Then through the greater and more perfect tent not made with hands that is not of creation. He entered into. He entered once for all into the holy places not by means of blood of goats and calves.
But by means of his own blood thus securing an eternal redemption. So let's just make sure we understand this. At the tabernacle there will be a holy place a holy room inside that behind the curtain was the Holy of Holies.
No one went in there except the high priest once a year. He would take in two goats. He would kill one. Sprinkle the offering the mercy seat the Ark of the Covenant all of it with blood. Take the blood put it on the head of the other goat.
Send that goat away never to be seen again. And that goat would carry the iniquity that was Imputed on it for the God's people and carried away. That high priest only went in one day a year. Jesus appears as the high priest and as the sacrifice with his own blood to secure an eternal redemption.
Secure an eternal redemption. There's 13 for the blood of goats and bulls and The sprinkling of defiled persons with the ashes of a heifer sanctified for the purification of the flesh. How much more with the blood of Christ who through the eternal spirit offers himself without blemish to God?
Purify our conscience from dead works to serve the Living God verse 15. Therefore he is the mediator of a new covenant. So that those who are called may receive the promise inheritance. Since death has occurred that redeems them from transgressions committed under the first covenant.
We're gonna pick up right here next week. So we're going over Passover and Yom Kippur. We're gonna pick up right there next week. I hope you are seeing How Jesus fulfills these feasts. These were instituted by God in the book of Leviticus.
Actually way back when the Israelites were in Exodus. God tells them to keep them and they don't see why and we're looking to the New Testament to see How these were fulfilled. I Hope you are seeing that.
So that's an overview again. We have Passover unleavened bread first fruits and Pentecost in the spring. We have trumpets Day of Atonement and the tabernacles in the fall. The Sabbath is every week dedication and Purim get added later.
We'll talk about them next week. We'll continue where we're at going over Passover and Yom Kippur to show you how Jesus fulfilled these. It's so cool. Stay with me guys. I love y 'all very much. God bless.
